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    水杨酸与三氯化铁

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    子玺 刘

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    水杨酸与三氯化铁

    Uploaded by

    子玺 刘
    31 views4 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    31 views4 pages

    水杨酸与三氯化铁

    Uploaded by

    子玺 刘

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    （所涉及到的化学机理）Final Answer:

    The chemical equation depicting the reaction between ferric chloride

    and salicylic acid is as follows:FeCl₃ + C₇H₆O₃ → Fe(C₇H₅O₃)₃ + HCl

    Explanation:

    In this reaction, ferric chloride (FeCl]₃) reacts with salicylic acid (C ₇H ₆O ₃) to

    form ferric salicylate (Fe(C₇H₅O₃)₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as products.

    The reaction can be understood through the interaction of the chemical

    compounds involved.

    Ferric chloride is a Lewis acid, capable of accepting electron pairs, while

    salicylic acid, being a weak organic acid, can donate proton ions. When these

    substances come into contact, the Fe3+ ions in ferric chloride interact with the

    oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group in salicylic acid, leading to the formation of

    a coordination compound known as ferric salicylate. Simultaneously, a

    hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group in salicylic acid is replaced by a

    chlorine atom from ferric chloride, resulting in the release of hydrochloric acid.

    This reaction is a prime example of Lewis acid-base chemistry and highlights

    the tendency of metal ions to coordinate with electron-rich species. The formed

    ferric salicylate is a deep purple complex that is often used in analytical chemistry as a reagent for the
    detection of phenolic compounds.

    In summary, the reaction between ferric chloride and salicylic acid showcases

    the formation of a coordination compound and the exchange of atoms,

    resulting in the generation of a new complex and the liberation of hydrochloric

    acid.

    ### Experimental Design（serial dilution）

    **Objective**: To test students' abilities in manipulation, measurement, observation, presentation of data, and
    analysis using a reaction between salicylic acid and iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) to form a colored complex.

    ### Procedure

    #### Step 1: Serial Dilution of Salicylic Acid


    1. **Labeling**: Use the glass marker pen to label seven small test-tubes as T1 to T7.
    2. **Preparing Dilutions**:
    - **T1**: 500 mg dm⁻³ (undiluted)
    - **T2**: Mix 5 cm³ of 500 mg dm⁻³ salicylic acid with 5 cm³ of distilled water to obtain a 250 mg dm⁻³ solution.
    - **T3**: Take 5 cm³ of the 250 mg dm⁻³ solution and mix with 5 cm³ of distilled water to get 125 mg dm⁻³
    solution.
    - **T4**: Take 5 cm³ of the 125 mg dm⁻³ solution and mix with 5 cm³ of distilled water to get 62.5 mg dm⁻³
    solution.
    - **T5**: Take 5 cm³ of the 62.5 mg dm⁻³ solution and mix with 5 cm³ of distilled water to get 31.25 mg dm⁻³
    solution.
    - **T6**: Take 5 cm³ of the 31.25 mg dm⁻³ solution and mix with 5 cm³ of distilled water to get 15.625 mg dm⁻³
    solution.
    - **T7**: Take 5 cm³ of the 15.625 mg dm⁻³ solution and mix with 5 cm³ of distilled water to get 7.8125 mg dm⁻³
    solution.

    #### Step 2: Reaction with Iron(III) Chloride


    3. **Adding FeCl₃**:
    - Add 1 cm³ of 1.0% iron(III) chloride solution to each test-tube (T1 to T7).
    - Stir each mixture with a glass rod.

    #### Step 3: Observation and Data Collection


    4. **Observation**:
    - Place the test-tubes in the test-tube rack.
    - Use the white card as a background to observe the color intensity of the solutions.
    - Record the color intensity of each test-tube.

    #### Step 4: Data Presentation


    5. **Data Table**:
    - Create a table to record the concentration of salicylic acid and the corresponding color intensity observed.

    #### Step 5: Analysis, Conclusions, and Evaluation


    6. **Analysis**:
    - Compare the color intensity across the different concentrations.
    - Determine if there is a correlation between the concentration of salicylic acid and the color intensity.

    7. **Conclusions**:
    - Conclude how the concentration of salicylic acid affects the formation of the colored complex with FeCl₃.

    8. **Evaluation**:
    - Discuss the precision and accuracy of the
    measurements and observations.
    - Suggest improvements for the experimental
    procedure, such as using more precise measuring
    instruments or conducting multiple trials for each
    concentration.

    ### Safety Considerations


    - Wear suitable eye protection at all times.
    - Handle chemicals with care, and wash hands thoroughly after the experiment.
    - Dispose of waste solutions in the designated waste container.

    This experimental design will help assess students' practical skills in serial dilution, observation of chemical reactions,
    data presentation, and analytical thinking.

    ### Experiment Design to Test Student Abilities in Manipulation, Measurement, Observation, Data Presentation, and
    Analysis

    #### Aim:
    To investigate the reaction between salicylic acid and iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) and to observe the color changes,
    thereby demonstrating skills in manipulation, measurement, observation, data presentation, and analysis.

    #### Procedure:

    1. **Preparation and Dilution of Salicylic Acid Solutions:**


    - Label seven small test tubes using the glass marker pen.
    - Use the 10 cm³ syringe to transfer 10 cm³ of the 500 mg dm⁻³ salicylic acid solution into a beaker.
    - Dilute this solution by taking 1 cm³ from it and adding 9 cm³ of distilled water using the 10 cm³ syringe, creating a
    50 mg dm⁻³ solution.
    - Similarly, prepare a 100 mg dm⁻³ solution by mixing 2 cm³ of the 500 mg dm⁻³ solution with 8 cm³ of distilled
    water.
    - Label the test tubes with the final concentrations of the salicylic acid solutions: 500 mg dm⁻³, 250 mg dm⁻³, 100
    mg dm⁻³, 50 mg dm⁻³, and 25 mg dm⁻³.

    2. **Reaction with Iron(III) Chloride:**


    - Using the 5 cm³ syringe, add 2 cm³ of 1.0% iron(III) chloride solution to each test tube containing the different
    concentrations of salicylic acid.
    - Mix the contents gently using a glass rod for uniform reaction.

    3. **Observation:**
    - Place the test tubes in a rack against a white card to enhance visibility of color changes.
    - Observe and record the color of each solution immediately after adding iron(III) chloride and after a set period
    (e.g., 5 minutes).

    4. **Data Presentation:**
    - Create a table to record the initial and final colors observed for each concentration of salicylic acid.

    #### Data Presentation Table:

    5. **Analysis and Conclusion:**


    - Analyze the color intensity in relation to the concentration of salicylic acid.
    - Draw a conclusion about the relationship between salicylic acid concentration and the intensity of the color
    change when reacted with iron(III) chloride.
    - Discuss potential reasons for any unexpected results or deviations.
    6. **Evaluation:**
    - Evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the observations.
    - Suggest improvements for the experimental design, such as more precise measurement tools or extended
    observation times.
    - Reflect on any challenges faced during the experiment and how they were overcome.

    #### Safety Precautions:


    - Wear suitable eye protection throughout the experiment.
    - Handle all chemicals with care, following appropriate safety guidelines.
    - Clean up spills immediately and dispose of waste solutions in the designated container.
    - Wash hands thoroughly after completing the experiment.

    This experiment helps students practice and demonstrate their ability to manipulate and measure chemicals
    accurately, observe and record qualitative data, present their findings clearly, and analyze and evaluate their results
    comprehensively.

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