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    Chemistry - Chang 10th Edition 2

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    Ayman Murrar
    This document discusses chemical equations and how they are used to represent chemical reactions. It explains what chemical equations are, how they are balanced, and how they can be interpreted. The key aspects covered are that chemical equations show the reactants on the left and products on the right, and that coefficients are used to balance the relative numbers of atoms in the reactants and products so mass is conserved in the reaction.

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    Chemistry - Chang 10th Edition 2

    Uploaded by

    Ayman Murrar
    4 views1 page
    This document discusses chemical equations and how they are used to represent chemical reactions. It explains what chemical equations are, how they are balanced, and how they can be interpreted. The key aspects covered are that chemical equations show the reactants on the left and products on the right, and that coefficients are used to balance the relative numbers of atoms in the reactants and products so mass is conserved in the reaction.

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    Chemistry-_Chang_10th_Edition_2

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    This document discusses chemical equations and how they are used to represent chemical reactions. It explains what chemical equations are, how they are balanced, and how they can be interpreted. The key aspects covered are that chemical equations show the reactants on the left and products on the right, and that coefficients are used to balance the relative numbers of atoms in the reactants and products so mass is conserved in the reaction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views1 page

    Chemistry - Chang 10th Edition 2

    Uploaded by

    Ayman Murrar
    This document discusses chemical equations and how they are used to represent chemical reactions. It explains what chemical equations are, how they are balanced, and how they can be interpreted. The key aspects covered are that chemical equations show the reactants on the left and products on the right, and that coefficients are used to balance the relative numbers of atoms in the reactants and products so mass is conserved in the reaction.

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    3.

    7 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations 95

    Figure 3.7 Three ways of


    representing the combustion of
    hydrogen. In accordance with the
    ⴙ 8n law of conservation of mass, the
    number of each type of atom
    must be the same on both sides
    of the equation.

    Two hydrogen molecules ⴙ One oxygen molecule 8n Two water molecules

    2H2 ⴙ O2 8n 2H2O

    ends as we did before it started. We can balance Equation (3.2) by placing the appro-
    priate coefficient (2 in this case) in front of H2 and H2O:
    When the coefficient is 1, as in the case of
    2H2 1 O2 ¡ 2H2O O2, it is not shown.

    This balanced chemical equation shows that “two hydrogen molecules can combine
    or react with one oxygen molecule to form two water molecules” (Figure 3.7). Because
    the ratio of the number of molecules is equal to the ratio of the number of moles, the
    equation can also be read as “2 moles of hydrogen molecules react with 1 mole of
    oxygen molecules to produce 2 moles of water molecules.” We know the mass of a
    mole of each of these substances, so we can also interpret the equation as “4.04 g of H2
    react with 32.00 g of O2 to give 36.04 g of H2O.” These three ways of reading the
    equation are summarized in Table 3.1.
    We refer to H2 and O2 in Equation (3.2) as reactants, which are the starting
    materials in a chemical reaction. Water is the product, which is the substance formed
    as a result of a chemical reaction. A chemical equation, then, is just the chemist’s
    shorthand description of a reaction. In a chemical equation, the reactants are conven-
    tionally written on the left and the products on the right of the arrow:

    reactants ¡ products

    To provide additional information, chemists often indicate the physical states of


    the reactants and products by using the letters g, l, and s to denote gas, liquid, and
    solid, respectively. For example,

    2CO(g) 1 O2 (g) ¡ 2CO2 (g) The procedure for balancing chemical


    2HgO(s) ¡ 2Hg(l) 1 O2 (g) equations is shown on p. 96.

    To represent what happens when sodium chloride (NaCl) is added to water, we write
    HO
    NaCl(s) ¡
    2
    NaCl(aq)

    where aq denotes the aqueous (that is, water) environment. Writing H2O above the
    arrow symbolizes the physical process of dissolving a substance in water, although it
    is sometimes left out for simplicity.

    TABLE 3.1 Interpretation of a Chemical Equation

    2H2 1 O2 ¡ 2H2O
    Two molecules 1 one molecule ¡ two molecules
    2 moles 1 1 mole ¡ 2 moles
    2(2.02 g) 5 4.04 g 1 32.00 g ¡ 2(18.02 g) 5 36.04 g
    ⎧
    ⎪
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    ⎪
    ⎪
    ⎩

    ⎧
    ⎪
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    ⎩

    36.04 g reactants 36.04 g product

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