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Ethics Final

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32 views8 pages

Ethics Final

Uploaded by

Rony
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Socialization?

Socialization is the process by which individuals, typically starting from


childhood, learn and internalize the values, beliefs, norms, customs, and
behaviors of their society or culture. It is a lifelong process through which
people acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to participate in their
social groups and interact with others.

Agent of Socialization

1. Heredity
2. Health and Physique
3. Emotional Development
4. Gender
5. Intellectual Development
6. Culture
7. Economical Condition
8. Form of Government
9. Family
10. Schools
11. Neighbour and Friends
12. Community
13. Ethnic Group

Briefly Describe Three main agent of Socialization

Family:

1. First agent
2. Home is the first school
3. Development of social qualities
4. Satisfaction of psychological needs
5. Development of civic sense
6. Development of modes of behaviour
7. Development of language
8. Development of traditions
9. Foundation of Character

School :

1. Second and most important agent


2. Transmission & enrichment of culture
3. Promotion of social efficiency
4. Cultivation and higher values
5. Post-School adjustability
6. Traning for leadership

Society:

1. Establishment of good school


2. Establishment of good libraries
3. Provision for adult education
4. Providing Cultural education
5. Coordinating various agencies

What is Psycho Social Theory?

Psycho Social Theory proposed by the Erikson .Erikson maintained that


personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of
psycho social development, from infancy to adulthood. During each stage,
the person experiences a psycho social crisis that could positively or
negatively affect personality development.

Eight Stages of Erikson Psycho Social theory


Description of these stages

1. Trust vs. Mistrust :


Babies learn to trust when their caregivers take good care of them. If
caregivers are not consistent, babies might feel unsure about the world.
Good Result: Feeling hopeful.

2. Autonomy vs. Shame:


Toddlers want to do things by themselves. When parents encourage them,
they feel independent. If parents are too strict, they might feel ashamed.
Good Result: Feeling confident.

3. Initiative vs. Guilt :


Preschoolers start making choices. If they're praised for trying, they feel
confident. If they're always told they're wrong, they might feel guilty.
Good Result: Feeling purposeful.

4. Industry vs. Inferiority:


Kids learn new things in school and activities. If they do well, they feel
proud. If they struggle, they might feel not good enough.
Good Result: Feeling capable.

5. Identity vs. Role Confusion:


Teens figure out who they are. If they explore and find themselves, they
feel sure. If they're confused, they might feel lost.
Good Result: Feeling true to yourself.

6. Intimacy vs. Isolation:


Adults seek close relationships. If they find them, they feel connected. If
they avoid relationships, they might feel lonely.
Good Result: Feeling loved.

7. Generativity vs. Stagnation :


Adults want to contribute. If they're active in work or community, they
feel like they matter. If they're not involved, they might feel stuck.
Good Result: Feeling like you make a difference.

8. Integrity vs. Despair:


Older adults look back on life. If they're content with their journey, they
feel wise. If they have regrets, they might feel sad.
Good Result: Feeling at peace.
Engineering Principle

1. Integrity:
Always doing what we think is right, like being honest and trustworthy.
It means holding ourself to a high standard of behavior.

2. Respect for Others:


Treating everyone nicely and fairly. It's about giving people privacy,
equal chances, and understanding their feelings.

3. Honesty:
Telling the truth all the time. It's important to share both good and bad
news so that everyone can work together to make things better.

4. Respect for Laws:


Following all the rules and laws. This helps make sure everything is done
correctly and legally.

5. Responsibility:
Doing our job well and helping others do theirs. It's about taking charge
of our work and being accountable.

6. Transparency:
Being clear and open in our decisions. This builds trust because everyone
knows what's happening and why.

7. Compassion:
Showing care and kindness to others. It's about understanding and
helping people when they're going through tough times.

8. Fairness:
Treating everyone equally and giving everyone the same opportunities. In
a fair workplace, everyone has a chance to grow and succeed, no matter
who they are.

Sigmund freuds theorem of human mind structure and psychological


structure

Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, proposed a structural


model of the mind that consists of three main components. This model is
often referred to as the "topographical" or "structural" theory of the mind.

The three main component is


1. ID:
The id represents our primitive, instinctual drives, including our desire for
food, sex, and pleasure.
2. Ego:
The ego represents our rational, conscious self that mediates between the
id and the external world.
3. Super Ego:
The superego represents our moral and ethical sense, as well as our sense
of right and wrong.

Defense Mechanism

Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that are unconsciously


used to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts
or feelings.

1. Denial:
Not accepting or believing something unpleasant or scary. It's like saying,
"No, that can't be true."

2. Repression:
Forgetting or blocking out bad memories or thoughts without realizing it.
It's the mind's way of hiding things that are too upsetting.

3. Projection:
Blaming others for feelings or thoughts that you don't want to admit to
having yourself. It's like saying, "It's not me; it's you."

4. Regression:
Acting like a younger version of ourself when things get tough. It's going
back to an easier time.

5. Displacement:
Taking out our feelings on someone or something else because dealing
with the real issue is too hard. It's like kicking the dog when we're really
mad at something else.

6. Sublimation:
Turning bad feelings or impulses into something positive or useful. It's
finding a good way to deal with difficult emotions.
7. Rationalization:
Making up logical reasons for doing something, even if the real reasons
are not logical. It's finding excuses that sound good.

8. Intellectualization:
Talking about something difficult or emotional in a very factual and
unemotional way. It's avoiding the feelings and focusing on facts.

9. Reaction Formation:
Acting in a way that's the opposite of how we really feel. It's pretending
to feel the opposite of what we truly feel.

Moral Dilemma

Moral dilemmas are when someone has to make a hard choice because
their moral beliefs are in conflict. Figuring out what's the right thing to do
becomes tough in these situations.

Steps in Facing Moral Dilemmas

Whenever a person is faced with a moral dilemma, the issue is to be


solved with a stepwise approach as this will generate a better output. The
steps include the following −

1. Identification:Understand the problem, know the responsibilities, and


recognize the conflicting ideas.

2. Ranking:List the issues and put them in order of importance,


considering what's morally right. No favoritism allowed.

3. Inquiries:Gather all the details and facts about the problem. Look at
different ways to solve it and understand the consequences.

4. Discussions:Talk to others about the issue. Different opinions can


lead to better solutions. Analyze the problem from various viewpoints.

5. Final Solution:After considering different perspectives, facts, and


understanding the flaws in the issue, come up with the best solution
that adds value to the whole situation.
Moral Autonomy

Moral Autonomy is the philosophy which is self-governing or self-


determining, i.e., acting independently without the influence or distortion
of others.

Skills for Improving Moral Autonomy

Patience and Interest:


Take our time and be interested in figuring out what we think is right. It's
okay to learn and grow at our own speed.

Stick to Principles:
Follow basic rules of being good to others. Be clear about what we won't
do and what we will do. It's like having your own set of rules.

Kindness to Others:
Be nice to people around us. Being friendly and understanding helps in
building good moral values.

Knowledge of Ethics:
Learn about using good language when we talk about what's right.
Understand the importance of suggesting good solutions when there's a
moral issue.

Tolerance:
Be patient, especially when things are hard. Understand that people
might think differently, and that's okay. Tolerance means being okay with
differences.

Moral Honesty:
Always be truthful with ourself about what we think is right. Try to
understand why people act the way they do. It's about being honest with
what we believe is good.

Motivation

Motivation describes why a person does something. It is the driving force


behind human actions. Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and
maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
Why motivation is important in engineering field ?

1. Engineers with motivation think creatively and find unique solutions


to problems.
2. Motivated engineers stay updated with new technologies and
advancements.
3. Motivated engineers seek opportunities for growth, improving their
skills.
4. Motivation ensures commitment to projects, leading to successful
outcomes.
5. Motivated engineers are productive, meeting deadlines and delivering
quality work.

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