Define in your own words: (a) intelligence, (b) artificial intelligence, (c) agent, (d) rationality, (e) logical

reasoning.

Are reflex actions (such as flinching from a hot stove) rational? Are they intelligent?

What are the different types of agents?

Is AI a science, or is it engineering? Or neither or both? Explain

Define rational agent

List down the characteristics of intelligent agent

Discuss PEAS in wumpus world problem

4)How to define a problem as state space search? Discuss it with the help of an example. 5) Define the
following problems. What types of control strategy is used in the following problem. I. The Tower of
Hanoi II. Crypto-arithmetic III. The Missionaries and cannibals problems IV. 8-puzzle problem

Discuss the following search Technique with the help of an example. Also discuss the benefits and
shortcoming of each. I. Breadth First Search. II. Depth First Search

Give an example of a problem for which breadth first search would work better than depth first search.

Explain the following search strategies i) best first search ii) A* search

Discuss various approaches and issues in knowledge representation. Also discuss various Problems in
representing knowledge

Write unification algorithm and explain resolution in predicate logic.

Explain how a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) may be solved

Represent the following statements in predicate logic: i) Marcus tried to assassinate Caesar. ii) All
Pompeian’s were Roman. iii) All Romans were either loyal to Caesar or hated him. iv) Everyone is loyal
to someone. v) People only try to assassinate rulers they are not loyal to.

What is non – monotonic reasoning? Explain the logics used for non – monotonic reasoning.

Write a short note on i) Expert systems ii) Knowledge Acuisition

CO

1. Understanding Historical evolution of AI

2. Understanding informed & Uninformed search strategies and apply them to solve problems
3. Examine the issues involved in Knowledge bases, reasoning and planning
4. Formulate valid solutions for problems involving uncertain inputs or outcomes
5. Design Application of AI

CO PSO1. PSO2. PSO3. PSO4. PSO5. PSO6. PSO7. PSO8. PSO9. PSO10. PSO11. PSO12.

CO1. 1 2 1 1 3

CO2. 3 3 3 3 3 2 3

CO3. 3 3 3 3 3 2 3

CO4. 3 3 3 3 3 2 3

CO5. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

CO PSO1. PSO2. PSO3.

CO1. 1 1 1
CO2. 3 3
CO3. 3 3
CO4. 3 3
CO5. 3 3
 Unit 1 Introduction CO 1

1. Describe the four categories under which AI is classified with examples.

2. Define Artificial Intelligence.
3. Define A.I and applications of A.I.
4. List the fields that form the basis for AI.
5. List any five agents and PEAS for that
6. Analyze the different problem characteristics for the following problems:- i) 8 - puzzle
problem ii) Traveling salesman problem iii) Chess playing
7. Define following terms a. Deterministic vs. stochastic b. Episodic vs. sequential c. Static vs.
dynamic, d. Discrete vs. continuous e.Known vs. unknown
8. Explain following terms: a.Simple reflex agents b.Model-based reflex agents c.Goal-based agents
d.Utility-based agents
9. Explain four basic types of agent program in any intelligent system?
10. Explain Turing test with early AI applications
11. Differentiate between ELIZA & ALICE comment with respect to Turing Test
12. What is Chinese World Problem comment with respect to Turing Test
13. Discuss History of AI
14. Differentiate following terms in single line a. Deterministic vs. stochastic b. Episodic vs.
sequential c. Static vs. dynamic, d. Discrete vs. continuous e.Known vs. unknown
UNIT 2 Problem State Space search CO2
15. Define state-space search technique.
16. Discuss various criterion for Searching Algorithm.
17. If following are straight line distances to Bucharest find path from Arad to Bucharest using
Heuristic search

18. If following is the map of Romania find path from Arad to Bucharest using A* search. Straight
line distances are given in above table.
 19. Explain Uniform cost search
20. Explain various uninformed search techniques
21. Explain various informed search techniques
22. Explain Depth limited search
23. Explain Iterative deepening search techniques
24. List the steps in performing a state-space search.
25. Find solution to water JUG problem using BFS techniques if the jar capacity is 5 Lt and 3 Lt and
desired quantity is 1 Lt.
26. Find solution to water JUG problem using DFS techniques if the jar capacity is 5 Lt and 3 Lt and
desired quantity is 1 Lt.
27. In the missionaries and cannibals problem, three missionaries and three cannibals must cross a
river using a boat which can carry at most two people, under the constraint that, for both banks, if
there are missionaries present on the bank, they cannot be outnumbered by cannibals (if they
were, the cannibals would eat the missionaries). The boat cannot cross the river by itself with no
people on board. Find solution to missionaries and cannibals using BFS .
28. Differentiate Informed & Uninformed search. Give examples.
29. Formulate 4 queen problem as a CSP and give solution using state space with backtracking.
30. Explain MINIMAX algorithm using A two-ply game tree
31. Explain apha beta pruning with proper example.
32. Color following graph using two colors with constraint that two neighboring colors cannot have
same color
33. Explain Bayes theorem with example

Use following CPT to predict probability of the following event

JohnCalls, MaryCalls, Alarm, Burglary, Earthquake

1.

2. Solve the following Crypt arithmetic problem using constraints satisfaction search procedure.

LOGICAL REASONING CO2

PART-A

3. Differentiate between prepositional & predicate logic.

4. Explain Wumpus World problem and formulate PEAS for it.
5. Define following terms entailment,horn clause, definite clause
6. Explain logical connectives in propositional logic
7. Explain Standard logical equivalences of propositional logic.
8. Consider following scenario prove by using resolution that there is pit in 3,1. Assume only stench
and breezes at each position will be known whenever agent reaches at respective positions. Agent
starts from 1,1.
9. Covet following statement in CNF form. B1,1 ⇔ (P1,2 ∨ P2,1)

10. Differentiate between backward and forward chaining

11. Decide action at (4(column),1(row)) using value iteration during iteration 1. Probability
of agent moving in intended direction is 0.8, to the left of intended direction is 0.1 and to
the right of intended direction is 0.1. Current utility in iteration 0 are as mentioned in
table.

1.

2. What are production systems? Write the difference between monotonic and
nonmonotonic production systems. Give one example of each.
 3. Represent the following statements in predicate logic: - i) The owner of a bike also own a
car. ii) Everyone is loyal to someone. iii) All the courses in Information Technology are
easy. iv) Joe eats orange and Still alive
4. Explain the following in detail any one: i) Architecture of Rule Based Export system ii)
Knowledge Engineering Process
5. List and explain the characteristics of Expert system
6. Explain the way of knowledge representation and also the properties of knowledge
representation systems.
7. Explain the following two. i) Membership function ii) Crisp set iii) Applications of fuzzy
logic iv) Certainty factor (CF)
8. What is the resolution principle? Write an algorithm for resolution in propositional logic
9. Write about the issues in knowledge representation in solving AI problems. Explain
them.
10. Explain uninformed search techniques in detail.
11. Explain different approaches to knowledge representation.
12. Write a note on forward vs. backward reasoning.
13. What is the role of meta knowledge in expert system?
14. Explain machine learning with the help of block diagram.
15. Consider following scenario prove by using resolution that there is pit in 3,1. Assume
only stench and breezes can be felt at each position whenever agent reaches at respective
positions. Agent starts from 1,1.

1.

4. What is resolution /refutation?

6. Define unification.

9. Mention the frame manipulation primitives.

10. Explain following terms: a.Simple reflex agents b.Model-based reflex agents c.Goal-based agents
d.Utility-based agents.
11. Formulate 4 queen problems as a CSP and give solution using state space with backtracking. Show
and explain in detail along with content of data structures used and constraints.

12. Define forward and backward chaining. Differentiate the same.

13. 14. Mention the strategies used in resolving clauses (unit-preference, set-of-support, best first)

PART-B

1)

8)consider the following sentences • John likes all kinds of food • Apples are food • Chicken is food •
Anything anyone eats and isn’t killed by is food • Bill eats peanuts and is still alive • Sue eats everything
bill eats i) Translate these sentences into formulas in predicate logic ii) Prove that john likes peanuts using
backward chaining iii) Convert the formulas of a part into clause form iv) Prove that john likes peanuts
using resolution

9)Represent following logic using FOL

A grandparent is a parent of one’s parent

One’s husband is one’s male spouse

A sibling is another child of one’s parents

One’s husband is one’s male spouse

All students are smart

10)Decide action at (3,3) using value iteration during iteration 1. Probability of agent moving in intended
direction is 0.8, to the left of intended direction is 0.1 and to the right of intended direction is 0.1. Current
utility in iteration 0 are as mentioned in table.
 UNIT – III Reasoning & Planning CO3

PART-A

1.

2. What are the disadvantages of Closed World Assumption (CWA). How will you over- come it?

3. Define Non monotonic reasoning.

4. What are Truth Maintenance Systems? Draw its block diagram.

5. What are Bayesian networks? Give an example.

6. What is fuzzy logic? What is its use?

7. How Knowledge is represented?

8. What is propositional logic?

9. What are the elements of propositional logic?

10. What is inference?

11. What are modus ponens?

12. What is entailment?

13. What are knowledge based agents?

PART-B

1) (i) Define the syntactic elements of first-Order logic (8) (ii) Illustrate the use of first-order logic to
represent knowledge. (8)

2) Explain the steps involved in the knowledge Engineering process. Give an example. (16)

3) Explain with an example

(a) forward chaining (8) (b) Backward chaining (8)

4) Give resolution proof for example problem statement :

(a) “West is a criminal” (8) (b) Curiosity killed the cat (8)

5) What is Ontological Engineering? Explain with the diagram the upper ontology of the world. (16)
6) How categories are useful in knowledge representation. (16)

7) What is situation calculus? Explain the ontology of situation calculus. (16)

8) What is a frame problem? (4) How do you solve the following problems in situation calculus?

(a) Solving the representational frame problem (6)

(b) Solving the inferential frame problem (6)

9) Write sort notes on

(a) Event calculus (4)

(b) Generalized events (4)

(c) Intervals (4)

(d) Fluents and objects (4)

10) Explain in detail the shopping agent for the Internet shopping world example. (16)

Unit IV

Part A

1. Define linguistics. List the general classification of languages.

2. Construct parse trees for given sentences.

3.Waht are grammars?

4.Give the syntactic tree for the sentence „The boy ate the apple.

5. List the types of grammars.

6. What is parsing? What is its importance?

7. Differentiate – Top down & Bottom Up parsing, Deterministic & Non deterministic parsing,.

8. What are Recursive transition networks (RTN), Augmented Transition Networks (ATN)?

9. What is the role of semantic analysis in NLP?

10. Define Natural Language generation.

11.List any two NLP systems.

12.What is distributed reasoning?

13. What are Intelligent Agents? What are its use?

14. A = { (x1, 0.2), (x2, 0.5), (x3, 0.6), (x4, 0.8), (x5, 1.0) }

B = { (x1, 0.8), (x2, 0.6), (x3, 0.4), (x4, 0.2), (x5, 0.1) }

Find A ⋃B, A ∩B and Ac using FUZZY Logic

15. Discuss Policy iteration algorithm

16. Explain connectionist Expert System

PART-B

1) What are the components of agents? (16)

UNIT – V

PART-A

1. What are Expert Systems?

2. Briefly explain the knowledge acquistion process.

3. List the characteristic features of a expert system.

4. Mention some of the key applications of ES.

8) Explain in detail

(a) Information Retrieval (8)

(b) Information Extraction (8)

9) What is machine translation? What are different types of machine translation? (16)

10) Draw the schematic of a machine translation and explain for an example problem (16)

11. Explain in details various AI languages & system