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Management

The document discusses process selection and types, layout types, line balancing, and provides an example problem involving task precedence and workstation assignment. Process selection involves choosing whether to make or buy items and considers quality, capacity and costs. The five basic process types are job shop, batch, repetitive, continuous, and project. Layout types are product and process. Line balancing aims for equal workstation times to maximize output, while an unbalanced line causes bottlenecks.

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Andrelina Sheila Mae Go
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28 views3 pages

Management

The document discusses process selection and types, layout types, line balancing, and provides an example problem involving task precedence and workstation assignment. Process selection involves choosing whether to make or buy items and considers quality, capacity and costs. The five basic process types are job shop, batch, repetitive, continuous, and project. Layout types are product and process. Line balancing aims for equal workstation times to maximize output, while an unbalanced line causes bottlenecks.

Uploaded by

Andrelina Sheila Mae Go
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

1. Explain the importance of process selection in system design.

Process selection is important because it is used by organizations to determine


whether they should make or buy items used in manufacturing finished products. The
quality, capacity, and overall costs will be major factors in this decision. It involves choice
of technology, type of processing, and so on. These choices have important implications
for capacity planning, layout of facilities, equipment choices, and the design of work
systems.

2. Briefly discuss the five process type and indicate the kinds of situations in which each would be
used.

There are five basic process types:


a. Job shop:
Job shop is used when a low volume and a large variety of goods or services are
needed. Job shop involves intermittent processing, high flexibility, skilled workers,
relatively large work-in-process inventory, and general-purpose machinery. One example
is a tool and die shop that is able to produce a wide variety of tools.

b. Batch:
Batch processing is used when a moderate volume of goods and services is
demanded. It is designed to handle a moderate variety in products. The processing is
intermittent. The flexibility of the process to produce a variety of goods, the skill of the
workers, and the amount of work-in-process inventory are all less than in a job shop. A
typical example of batch processing is paint manufacturing.

c. Repetitive:
This type of a process involves higher volumes of more standardized goods or
services. The flexibility of the process to produce a variety of goods, the skill of the
workers, and the amount of work-in-process inventory are all less than in a batch process.
Typical examples of this type of process include appliance and automobile manufacturing.

d. Continuous:
This type of a process involves a very high volume of highly standardized goods or
services. These systems have no flexibility in output or equipment. Workers are generally
low skilled and there is no work-in-process inventory. The machines are dedicated to
perform specified tasks. Typical examples of a continuous process include petroleum
refining, steel manufacturing, and sugar manufacturing.

e. Project:
Projects are designed to be used with non-routine, unusual tasks or activities. These
activities generally are not repeated. Equipment flexibility, level of worker skills, and
work-in-process inventory can range from very low to very high. Examples include
construction of a dam or a bridge, conversion of the production system from a jobshop to
group technology, and installing and implementing a new inventory and bar coding
system.

3. Briefly describe the two main layout types (Product layout and Process layout).

Product layouts generally are characterized by specialized labor and equipment


designed for repetitive processing. The layout often is based on processing sequence. Process
layouts are more general in nature in terms of labor, processing equipment, and material
handling equipment. In addition, process layouts often feature machine groups or
departments. Items processed in process layouts tend to follow differing paths through the
system.

4. What is the goal of line balancing? What happens if a line is unbalanced?

The main goal of line balancing is to achieve a set of task groupings at workstations in the
line that have equal time requirements to attain high utilization of labor and equipment.
Unbalanced lines have bottlenecks at some workstations and idle time at others. The resulting
output is lower than it would be if the line could be balanced.
5. Identify what process type and layout type was used in the production of the following:

a. Refrigerator – Repetitive Process


b. Internet – Continuous Process
c. Wedding gown – Job shop Process
d. Ice cream – Continuous Process
e. Computer – Repetitive Process

6. Using the information contained in the table shown, do each of the following:

a. Draw the precedence diagram.


b. Determine the minimum cycle time, maximum cycle time and computed cycle time.
c. What is the minimum number of workstations?
d. Assign tasks to work stations.
e. Compute for efficiency.

Management has designed an output rate of 275 units per day. Assume 440 minutes are
available per day.

Task immediate follower task time (in minutes)


a c .3
b d .6
c e .4
d f 1.2
e g .2
f h .6
g h .1
h i .5
i end .3

b.

A C E G

H I

B
D

 Minimum cycle time – 1.2 minutes


 Maximum cycle time – 4.2 minutes

 Cycle time = Operating time


Desired output

 Cycle time = 440 minutes per day


275 units per day

 Cycle time = 1.6 minutes per unit


c.
 N= Σt
Cycle time
 N= 4.2
1.6 minutes
 N = 2.625 stations (round to 3)

d.
Station 1 Station 2 Station 3

a c e g h i

b d f

Time = 1.6 minutes Time = 1.2 minutes Time = 1.4 minutes

e. Percent idle time = 1.2 minutes x 100


3 x 1.6 minutes
Percent idle time = 25%

Efficiency = 100% - 25%


Efficiency = 75%

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