ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252

Design and Development of Pothole Detection and

Cement Dispensing Robot
Aditya Waghmare1, Bhavesh Jawale1, Prathmesh Jamsandekar1, Saurabh Lohar1, Prof. Pankaj Firake2
UG Students, Department of Mechanical Engineering1
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering2
Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: A road network is a way of transporting, sharing and transporting goods and services locally to
the community. Road networks are also the means of communication in some parts of the world. Therefore,
access to good roads improves the quality of life and work of the people living in the community. But the poor
condition of the design and development of the road network coupled with natural disasters such as heavy
rains have caused many unwanted potholes and abrasions on the roads which are very dangerous for
commuters and other road users and for road users. In addition, the lack of a proper road maintenance
program has resulted in a steady increase in the number of potholes that endanger transport and road safety.
Meanwhile road maintenance works are heavily dependent on actual acquisition and reporting.

Keywords: Pothole Detection, Cement Dispensing, Road Maintenance, Transportation.

I. INTRODUCTION
Roads contribute significantly to the growth of the economy as a whole. Road conditions include various types of injuries
such as pits, pothole imbalances, crack skid resistance, etc. One type of pressure, the pothole is defined as a plate-shaped
depression in a paved area. The minimum layout is 150 mm. Potholes can cause damage to car tires and tires Impact on the
lower part of the car, And the presence of potholes leads to emergency braking and steering wheel Operation leads to car
crashes and serious accidents. Since 2011, for the next five years, motorists have spent more than $ 3 billion on vehicles to
repair damage caused by potholes. This costs about $ 300 on average per driver. A report by the India Economic Times in
2018 states that 3597 people have died as a result of potholes, according to the Supreme Court. Also, road quality
measurements such as acquisition of Cracks, holes, etc. most handmade is hard work and time consuming. To address this
problem, much research is being done in many countries to develop such technologies Can detect and identify sensory-based
holes Which may improve research results Effectively with regard to road quality through preliminary investigation and
prompt action can be taken. In this paper, we have explored the various holes and drawing methods that have been developed
so far. Proposing a discovery plan and mapping the pothole accurately and effectively. The discovery of clever holes and
mapping is done by combining information from multiple vehicles and users using Crowd sourcing are used to access
environmental data with improved accuracy.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

A pothole is a structural failure in a road surface, mostly resulting from failure in asphalt pavement because of the presence
of water in the underlying soil shape and the presence of visitors passing over the affected vicinity. As soon as a pothole
bureaucracy, it may develop to several feet, with rain water accelerating the technique and developing a entice for vehicles,
making one of the top causes of vehicle injuries. The pressure can cause a misalignment inside the steerage components in
addition to in the engine, both of that can motive ability control problems and boom coincidence risks. So, our challenge is
to make a robotic which facilitates the society in selling the road protection and to reduce the problems in detecting the
pothole and also reduce the usage of human power, and as a result saves the time.

III.OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this project is to design and manufacture the Semi-Automated Robot, which will detect the Pothole
on the road and will produce the required amount of concrete, required for the hole obtained and to perform the measurement
process on the output. concrete and that is why the pothole on the road is completely filled. All paragraphs must be indented.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3671 374
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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
When the Robot is on, it will start moving in a straight line. The Ultrasonic sensor is mounted upside down and will always
detect the location from the height of the Robot. If there is a change in the wavelength of the Transmission wave and the
received ultrasonic wave, then automatically calculate the depth of the Pothole. The Microcontroller sends a command to
the servo server to OPEN for some time as the Pothole dies. After removing the cement, the Robot will move forward and
then the cement removed from the road will be equal to the robot attached to the back of the Robot.

A. Ultrasonic Sensor
HC-SR04 is an active ultrasonic sensor and contains a transmitter and receiver. It is used to measure the distance at which
humps. They are not present before it. The ultrasonic sensor transmits high frequency sound and waits for the reflected wave
to strike the recipient ULTRASONIC SENSOR- Ultrasonic sensor is basically used to measure distances between the front
object area. Its and the sensor. The ultrasonic sensor operates on the Doppler Effect. The distance is calculated based on the
time taken by the ultrasonic pulse to move a certain distance. HC-SR04 is active at 40 kHz frequency and can measure
objects distance of 2-400cm at a 15o angle of discovery.

Figure 1: Ultrasonic Sensor

B. Microcontroller
Small Module to fit intelligently within your IoT projects The NodeMCU ESP8266 development board comes with an
ESP-12E module containing an ESP8266 chip with a Tensilica Xtensa32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor. This
microprocessor supports RTOS and operates at 80MHz to 160 MHz adjustable clock frequency. NodeMCU has 128 KB
RAM and 4MB Flash memory for data storage and programming. Its advanced processing capabilities have built-in Wi-Fi
/ Bluetooth and Deep Sleep Operating features that make it ideal for IoT projects. NodeMCU can be enabled using a Micro
USB jack and VIN (External Provider PIN). Supports UART, SPI, and I2C interface

Figure 2: Microcontroller

C. Servo Motor
There are many servo motors available in the market and each has its own technology and applications. The following
two sections will help you identify the right type of servo motor for your project / plan. Most Servo motors operate from
4.8V to 6.5V, where the voltage rises above the torque we can get, but usually operates at +5V. Almost all recreational servo
motors can only rotate from 0° to 180° due to their gear arrangement so make sure your project can live with half a circle if
not, you can choose a 0° to 360° engine or change the engine to make full circle. Car gears change easily, so if your
application requires sturdy and long-lasting motors you can either carry metal gears or simply stick to regular plastic. Next
comes the most important parameter, which is the torque in which the engine operates. Again, there are many options here
but the most common torque is 2.5kg / cm which comes with the Tower pro SG90 Motor. This torque of 2.5kg / cm means
that the engine can pull 2.5kg if it hangs at a distance of 1cm. So, if you stop the load at 0.5cm then the engine can pull 5kg
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3671 375
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
the same way if you stop the load at 2cm then you can only pull 1.25. Based on the load you use on the project you can
choose the engine with the appropriate torque. The image below will show the same.

Figure 3: Servomotor

V. FLOWCHART
The implementation section consists of the flowcharts for sensing pothole as well as dispensing cement are as shown below:

Figure 4: Flowchart of Implementation

VI. ALGORITHM
1. Start
2. Initialize the system peripherals
3. Start the robot
4. Check the distance measured from Ultrasonic sensor
5. If distance goes high above reference level, then pothole is detected
6. Stop the robot
7. Servo motor starts
8. Cement starts dispensing
9. Robot moves forward and cement is rolled by roller attached to robot
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3671 376
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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
10. Go to step 4
11. End

VII. PROPOSED DEMO MODEL

Figure 5: Photos of actual Robot

Figure 6: Photos of actual Robot

VIII. CONCLUSION
The proposed system basically serves the following purposes:
1. The proposed system will detect potholes and hubs on the road.
2. And save the information to a server. The holes are also found and their height and depth are measured using
ultrasonic.
3. Sensors and accelerometer. Therefore, our self-propelled robot, helps the community in promoting road safety and
reducing potholes and reducing human energy consumption, and that saves time.
4. Therefore, by filling the hole, accidents on the road can be reduced.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3671 377
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The heading of the Acknowledgment section and the References section must not be numbered. Causal Productions
wishes to acknowledge Michael Shell and other contributors for developing and maintaining the IEEE LaTeX style files
which have been used in the preparation of this template.

REFERENCES
[1]. Rajeshwari S., Santhosh Hebbar, Varaprasad G., “Implementing Intelligent Traffic Control System for Congestion
Control, Ambulance Clearance and Stolen Vehicle Detection”, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol.15, No.2, pp.1109-1113,
2015
[2]. I. Moazzam, K. Kamal, S. Mathavan, S. Usman, M. Rahman, “Metrology and Visualization of Potholes using the
Microsoft Kinect Sensor”, In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transport System, pp.1284-1291,
2013.
[3]. Sudarshan S. Rode, Shonil Vijay, Prakhar Goyal, Purushottam Kulkarni, Kavi Arya, “Pothole Detection and
Warning System”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Electronic Computer Technology, pp.286-290,
2009
[4]. He Youquan, Wang Jian, Qiu Hanxing, Zhang Wei, Xie Jianfang, “A Research of Pavement Potholes Detection
Based on Three-Dimensional Project Transformation”, In Proceedings of International Congress on Image and
Signal Processing, pp.1805- 1808, 2011.
[5]. J. Padhye, V. Firoiu, and D. Towsley, “A stochastic model of TCP Reno congestion avoidance and control,” Univ.
of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, CMPSCI Tech. Rep. 99-02, 1999. Rahim raja Shaikh, Patil Pallavi S, Saraf
Priyanka S, Khan Aabid A “Detection of Potholes, Humps and Measuring Distance between Two Vehicles using
Ultrasonic Sensor and Accelerometer”, GRD Journals Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 6, pp:99-104, May 2018.
[6]. Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification, IEEE Std. 802.11, 1997.
“Smart Detection and Reporting of Potholes via Image-Processing using Raspberry-Pi Microcontroller”, Mae M.
Garcillanosa, Jian Mikee L. Pacheco, Rowie E. Reyes, Junelle Joy P. San Juan, Electronic ISBN: 978-1-5386-4015-
909 August 2018.

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