Electrical Installation (Level 1)

Basic Electricity & Electronics Theory

With Skill _Test

Presented By;

Tr. T Mg Lwin (Trainer,EI & Solar, Engineering)1

Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)
Outline

• Electrical Careers
• Components and Symbols
• AC – DC Converter Circuit (Power Supply Circuit)
• Electrical Meters
• Electrical Units of Measure
• Engineering Notation

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Electrical Careers
Basic Electricity

• A person who has been trained to install, operate,

maintain and repair of:
- power circuits
- control circuits
- security circuits
- industrial Machines/ Motors controls

• Must have a working knowledge of:

- basic principles of electricity and electronics
- Electrical Safety Knowledge
- wiring techniques
- safe working practices
- the National Electric Code (NEC® )
- first aid
- hazardous materials
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Components & Symbols
FUSES

Fuses and Circuit Breakers

• A fuse is a component that automatically
breaks an electrical connection if the current increases
beyond a certain value
- circuit fuses “burn open” in the case of an overcurrent
condition and thereby protects the circuit

• A circuit breaker also operates on an SINGLE PHASE

overcurrent condition to protect BREAKER
a circuit, but they can be reset
and be used again
- circuit breakers “trip” THREE
open to break the PHASE
current path of the CIRCUIT
circuit BREAKER

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Components & Symbols
SCHEMATIC
Resistors SYMBOLS
R

• A resistor is a component that is used to

restrict the flow of current in an electrical fixed
circuit resistor
- somewhat analogous to a valve in a water line

potentiometer

variable
resistor

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Components & Symbols
SCHEMATIC
Capacitors SYMBOLS
C C

• Capacitors are components that un-polarized variable

store energy in an electrostatic field capacitor capacitor

• They may be called condensers in +

-
older manuals C

• Capacitors oppose a change in voltage polarized

capacitor

Ceramic Capacitors Polarized Capacitors

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Components & Symbols
Inductors

• Inductors are components that store energy in a

magnetic field
• They may be referred to as coils or chokes

• Inductors oppose a
change in current flow

SCHEMATIC
SYMBOLS

variable
coil

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Components & Symbols

Diodes
• A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that
conducts electricity primarily in one direction. It has high
resistance on one end and low resistance on the other
end. In this article, let us understand in detail about what
is diode and diode symbol. •Diodes are used to
protect circuits by limiting
the voltage and to also
transform AC into DC.
Semiconductors like silicon
and germanium are used
to make the most of the
diodes.

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Components & Symbols
78xx & 79xx Series IC Regulators
• IC 7805 Voltage Regulator is a Linear Regulator IC which
produces 5V. It is very flexible and is employed in many
circuits like a voltage regulator.
•Voltage regulator 7805 IC is used in mobile changers,
UPS power supplies, portable CD players, current
regulators and fixed output regulators
•The series 79XX regulators
are the three-terminal IC
regulators that provide a
fixed negative output
voltage.

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 Pole
Components & Symbols Transformer

SCHEMATIC tapped
Transformers SYMBOLS transformer

• Transformers are components that

contain one or more inductors in a
single structure
• Transformers are used to:
- change one voltage to another
- transfer electrical energy from
one circuit to another

Power
Transformer

Transformer
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Components & Symbols SCHEMATIC SPST
SYMBOLS
DPST

Switches SPDT

• Switches are components used to make or break an

electrical circuit

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AC – DC Converter Circuit Sample

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)

Check Your Understanding

• What do all circuits have in common?
a) capacitors
b) transformers
c) current
d) switches
e) resistors

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)

Check Your Understanding

• What do all circuits have in common?
a) capacitors
b) transformers
c) current
d) switches
e) resistors

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)
Check Your Understanding

• What components are used to limit current?

a) voltages
b) resistors
c) conductors

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)

Check Your Understanding

• What components are used to limit current?
a) voltages
b) resistors
c) conductors

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)

Check Your Understanding

• A capacitor stores energy in a/n __________ field
a) electro-resistive
b) capacitive
c) inductive
d) electrostatic
e) electric
f) dynamic

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)

Check Your Understanding

• A capacitor stores energy in a/n __________ field
a) electro-resistive
b) capacitive
c) inductive
d) electrostatic
e) electric
f) dynamic

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)

Check Your Understanding

• An inductor stores energy in a/n __________ field
The best answer/response is:
a) resistive
b) capacitive
c) inductive
d) magnetic
e) electric
f) dynamic

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)

Check Your Understanding

• An inductor stores energy in a/n __________ field
The best answer/response is:
a) resistive
b) capacitive
c) inductive
d) magnetic
e) electric
f) dynamic

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)
Check Your Understanding

• What component is used to make or break an electrical

connection?
The best answer/response is:
a) capacitors
b) inductors
c) transformers
d) switches
e) resistors

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)
Check Your Understanding

• What component is used to make or break an electrical

connection?
The best answer/response is:
a) capacitors
b) inductors
c) transformers
d) switches
e) resistors

22
Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)
Check Your Understanding

• What component must be replaced after it protects a

circuit from a high-current condition?
The best answer/response is:
a) capacitors
b) resistors
c) fuses
d) conductors
e) inductors

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)
Check Your Understanding

• What component must be replaced after it protects a

circuit from a high-current condition?
The best answer/response is:
a) capacitors
b) resistors
c) fuses
d) conductors
e) inductors

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)
Check Your Understanding

• _________ are used to protect circuits by limiting the

voltage and to also transform AC into DC.
The best answer/response is:
a) Capacitors
b) Resistors
c) Diodes
d) Conductors
e) Inductors

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Basic Electricity (EI Level 1)
Check Your Understanding

• _________ are used to protect circuits by limiting the

voltage and to also transform AC into DC.
The best answer/response is:
a) Capacitors
b) Resistors
c) Diodes
d) Conductors
e) Inductors

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Electrical Meters
Digital Multimeter (DMM)

• A digital multimeter (DMM) is a meter that allows the

measurement of most basic electrical properties
- voltage in AC or DC
- current in AC or DC
- resistance in ohms

• A direct current (DC) voltage

measurement is the actual
voltage value
• Alternating current (AC)
measurements are in
"root mean square values"
(rms) not peak values
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Electrical Meters Amplitude of DC
1.5 VOLTS

DC Voltage & Current

DC (such as from a battery) does 0 VOLTS
not change in value from one TIME →
point in time to another point in
time
Amplitude of AC (AC SINE WAVE)
AC Voltage & Current
AC continually changes in
value
Household voltage =
120 volts rms
TIME →
Household peak voltage =
155.16 volts peak
Household peak to peak voltage =
310.32 volts peak to peak
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Electrical Meters
Analog Multimeter (AMM)

• The Analog Multi- Meter (AMM) is an analog

electrical measuring instrument that allows the
measurement of many
electrical properties

• The AMM also measures rms

values, not peak values

• Often not preferred over the

DMM because the DMM has
an easier read out and is
more accurate

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Electrical Meters
Digital Clamp Meter (DCM)

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Electrical Units of Measure

Quantity Symbol Definition Unit of Unit

measure Symbol

Current I Measure of electron flow Ampere A

Voltage E or V Force that causes electrons to flow Volts V
Resistance R Opposition to flow of electrons Ohms Ω
Power P Heat dissipated in a circuit Watts W
Capacitance C Storage capacity of a capacitor Farads f
Inductance L Storage capacity of an inductor Henries H
Reactance X Opposition to current by L or C Ohms Ω
Impedance Z Opposition to AC circuit current Ohms Ω
Frequency f Number of cycles per second Hertz Hz
Time t Time elapsed or between pulses Seconds s

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Engineering Notation
Engineering Notation

• Engineering Notation is a shorthand method of

representing large and small numbers

• Examples: 1,000 meters = 1 kilometer

12,000 meters = 12 kilometers
28,400,000 Hz = 28.4 MHz (megahertz)
0.00025 A = 0.25 milliamps
0.0000025 f = 2.5 microfarads
0.095 s = 95 milliseconds
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ENGINEERING NOTATION CHART
CONVERSION FACTORS
To convert a number "to" engineering notation
Divide the number by the conversion factor for
desired prefix

Convert 5860 Hz to kHz

Kilo = 1,000 or 103

Use Calculator to Convert

To convert a number "to" engineering notation
Divide the number by the conversion factor for
desired prefix

Convert 84,450,000 W to MW
mega = 1,000,000 or 106

Use Calculator to Convert

 To convert a number "to" engineering notation
Divide the number by the conversion factor for desired prefix

Convert 0.00346 A to mA
milli = 0.001 or 10-3

Use Calculator to Convert

To convert a number "from" engineering notation
Multiply the number by the conversion factor
indicated

Convert 5.86 kHz to Hz

Kilo = 1,000 or 103

5.860 kHz = 5860 Hz

Use Calculator to Convert

Hz
 To convert a number "from" engineering notation
Multiply the number by the conversion factor indicated

Convert 84.45 MW to W
mega = 1,000,000 or 106

84.5 MW x 1,000,000 = 84,450,000 W

84.5 MW = 84,450,000 W

Use Calculator to Convert

(84.5) MW (x) (6) (10X ) (=) 84,450,000 W
 To convert a number "from" engineering notation
Multiply the number by the conversion factor indicated

Convert 3.46 mA to A
milli = 0.001 or 10-3

3.45 mA x 0.001 = .00346 A

3.45 mA= .00346 A

Use Calculator to Convert

(3.45) mA (x) (-3) (10X ) (=) .00346 A
Engineering Notation
Check Your Understanding

• Complete the following

- 0.750 A = ________________ mA
- 0.20 mA = ________________ A
- 1,550 W = ________________ kW
- 330 kV = ________________ V
- 112 μF = ________________ F
- 12,550,000 Ω = _________________ M Ω
- 0.000000456 F = _________________ nF
- 222 kΩ = _________________ Ω

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Engineering Notation
Check Your Understanding

• Complete the following

- 0.750 A ÷ .001
= ________________ mA 750
- 0.20 mA x .001
= ________________ A 0.0002
- 1,550 W ÷ 1,000
= ________________ kW 1.55
- 330 kV x 1,000
= ________________ V 330,000
- 112 μF x .000,000 F 0.000,112
= ________________
- 12,550,000 Ω = _________________
÷ 1,000,000 M Ω 12.55
÷ .000,000,001
- 0.000000456 F = _________________ nF 456
- 222 kΩ x 1,000
= _________________ Ω 222,000

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Thanks You For Your Attendance

“Basic Electricity &

Electronics (EI Level1)"