Dynamics Tutorial Sheet 1

MEC134 – Engineering Mechanics
Dynamics Tutorial Sheet 1

PARTICLE KINEMATICS – RECTILINEAR MOTION
1. Convert the following quantities:

(a) 75 km/hr into m/s.
(b) 37.5 m/s into km/hr.
(c) 1500 km/hr2 into m/s2.
(d) 0.08 m/s2 into km/hr2.
1 3
2. The motion of a particle is governed by the equation s = t − 2t 2 − 6 where s is
3
the position coordinate in metres and t is the time in seconds. Plot the
velocity v of the particle against time t and find the acceleration for t = 0, 2 and
4 seconds.
3. A car comes to a complete stop from an initial speed of 80 km/h in a distance

of 30 m.
(a) What is the deceleration rate, if it is constant throughout?
(b) What would the stopping distance be from an initial speed of 110 km/h,
if the constant rate of deceleration is the same as found in part (a)?
4. The pilot of a jet aeroplane brings the engines to full power before releasing
the brakes as it is standing at the end of the runway. The jet thrust remains
constant, and the aircraft has a near constant acceleration of 0.6g. If the take-
off speed is 200 km/h, calculate the distance s and the time t from rest to
take-off.
5. A vacuum propelled capsule for a high-speed tube transport system of the

future is being designed for operation between two stations 10 km apart. The
maximum acceleration and deceleration are to have a limiting magnitude of 0.6g
and the maximum velocity is limited to 400 km/h.
(a) What is the maximum velocity of the capsule in m/s?
(b) What is the time taken under the maximum acceleration of 0.6g to
reach the maximum velocity of 400 km/h?
(c) What is the distance travelled under the maximum acceleration of 0.6g
to reach the maximum velocity of 400 km/h?
(d) What is the minimum time for the capsule to make the 10km trip?
6. The acceleration of a particle is given by a= 4t − 30 , where a is in m/s2 and t is

in seconds. The initial displacement at t = 0 is s0 = -5 m and the initial velocity
is v0 = 3 m/s. Determine the velocity v and displacement s as functions of time.
7. A retarding force acts on a particle moving initially with a velocity of 100 m/s
and gives it a deceleration as recorded by the oscilloscope record shown
below in Figure 1. What are the approximate velocities of the particle at t = 4s
and at t = 8s?
Figure 1
8. On its take-off roll, an aeroplane starts from rest and accelerates according to
a = a0 – kv2, where a0 is the constant acceleration resulting from the engine
thrust and – kv2 is the acceleration due to aerodynamic drag. If a0 = 2 m/s2,
k=0.00004 m-1 and v is in metres per second, determine the design length of
runway s required to reach the take-off speed of 250 km/h.
9. The driver of a car, shown in Figure 2, which is initially at rest at the top A of
the slope, releases the brakes and free-wheels down the slope with an
acceleration given by a = 0.981 – 0.013v2 m/s2 where v is the velocity in m/s.
What is the velocity vB at the bottom B of the slope?
Figure 2
10. Figure 3 shows a test projectile that is fired horizontally into a viscous liquid
with a velocity v0. The retarding force is proportional to the square of the
velocity, so the acceleration becomes a = – kv2.
(a) Derive expressions for the distance x travelled and the corresponding
time t.
(b) What is the distance travelled D and corresponding time tD to reduce
the velocity to 0.5v0?
Figure 3
11. The horizontal motion of the plunger and shaft is arrested by the resistance of
the attached disk which moves through the oil as depicted in Figure 4. If the
velocity of the plunger is v0 at the position A where x = 0 and t = 0, and if the
deceleration is proportional to v such that a = – kv, derive expressions for the
velocity v and the position coordinate x in terms of the time t. Also express the
velocity v in terms of x.
Figure 4
12. When the effect of aerodynamic drag is included, the y acceleration of a ball
moving vertically upwards is au = – g – kv2, while the acceleration when the ball
is moving vertically downwards is ad= – g + kv2, where k is a positive constant
and v is the velocity in m/s. Take k=0.006 m-1 and assume that g is constant. The
ball is thrown upwards with a velocity of 30 m/s from essentially ground level
as shown in Figure 5. Determine:
(a) The maximum height reached and the time taken.
(b) The velocity of the ball when it hits the ground and the time taken.
Figure 5
Numerical Answers
1.
(a) 20.8 m/s
(b) 135 km/hr
(c) 0.116 m/s2
(d) 1040 km/hr2
2. a0=-4m/s2 a2=0 a4=4m/s2
3.
(a) deceleration is 8.23 m/s2
(b) stopping distance is 56.7m
4. s = 262 m t = 9.44 s
5.
(a) 111 m/s
(b) 18.9 s
(c) 1.05 km
(d) 109 s
2
3 30t + 2t 2 m/s
6. v =− s =−5 + 3t − 15t 2 + t 3 m
3
7. v4 = 60.8 m/s v8 = - 17.7 m/s
8. s = 1268 m
9. vB = 8.66 m/s
10.
1  vo  1 1 1 1 
(a) x = ln   t = e kx − 1 or t =  − 
k v kvo k  v v0 
0.693 1
(b) D = tD =
k kvo
νo
11. ν = ν o e − kt =x
k
(1 − e ) − kt
ν= ν o − kx
12.
(a) 36.5 m at 2.63 s
(b) 24.1 m/s at 5.46 s

Dynamics Tutorial Sheet 1 - Particle Kinematics - Rectilinear Motion

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MEC134 – Engineering Mechanics

1. Convert the following quantities:

3. A car comes to a complete stop from an initial speed of 80 km/h in a distance

5. A vacuum propelled capsule for a high-speed tube transport system of the

6. The acceleration of a particle is given by a= 4t − 30 , where a is in m/s2 and t is

2. a0=-4m/s2 a2=0 a4=4m/s2

7. v4 = 60.8 m/s v8 = - 17.7 m/s

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