Department of Electronic Engineering

Faculty of Engineering and Technology University

of Sindh, Jamshoro

Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-123)

LAB # 14
Name: ______________________________________________________ Roll No: ________________

Score ________________Signature of the Lab Tutor: ______________________ Date: _____________

Dr. Mudasir Ahmed Memon

Selection of Utilization of Experimental Experimental Lab Safety Teamwork Technical
Equipment Lab Tools & Data Collection Data Analysis Precautions During Lab cleanliness and 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆 = 𝟐
×𝐎𝐛𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧ed marks
(0 to 5) Calibration (0 to 5) (0 to 5) (0 to 5) Task Organization 𝟑𝟓
(0 to 5) (0 to 5) (0 to 5)

Object: To study the frequency response of a common emitter amplifier.

Apparatus Required:
1. Regulated Power supply, AC Supply, Breadboard and Connecting wires
2. Transistors (2N3904), Resistor,
3. Oscilloscope and Multimeter (MM)
Theory: [30 minutes]

Amplifiers are classified as small-signal amplifiers and large signal amplifiers depending on the shift in
operating point, from the quiescent condition caused by the input signal. If the shift is small, amplifiers
are referred to as small-signal amplifiers and if the shift is large, they are known as large signal
amplifiers. In small signal amplifiers, voltage swing and current swing are small. Large signal amplifiers
have a large voltage swing and current swing and the signal power handled by such amplifiers remain
large. Figure 14.1 shows the circuit diagram of a common emitter amplifier in voltage divider bias.

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 Department of Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology University
of Sindh, Jamshoro

Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-123)

Figure 14.1: Common Emitter Amplifier

DC Analysis

𝑅1
𝑅𝑇𝐻 =
𝑅2

𝑅2𝑉𝐶𝐶
𝐸𝑇ℎ = 𝑉𝑅2 = 𝑅 1+𝑅2

𝐸𝑇𝐻 −𝑉𝐵𝐸
𝐼𝐵 =
𝑅𝑇𝐻 +(𝛽+1)𝑅𝐸

𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 −𝐼𝐶(𝑅𝐶 +𝑅𝐸)

Frequency Response

The gain of an ideal amplifier should remain the same for any frequency of the input signal. Therefore,
the frequency response curve (gain in dB plotted against frequency) becomes a straight line parallel to the
frequency axis. In actual practice, the coupling capacitors and the emitter bypass capacitor reduce the
gain at lower frequencies. The capacitance internal to the transistor and stray capacitance due to the
wiring reduces the gain at higher frequencies. Fig 14.2 shows the typical frequency response
characteristics of the CE amplifier. The curve is flat only for the middle range of frequencies. There is
one low-frequency fc1 and one high-frequency fc2 beyond which the gains, A L and AH are 1/√2 times the
gain AM (maximum gain) at the middle frequencies. The two frequencies are called lower and higher cut-
off frequencies. The difference between them is called the bandwidth.

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 Department of Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology University
of Sindh, Jamshoro

Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-123)

Figure 14.2: frequency response characteristics of CE amplifier

Procedure [150 minutes]

1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig. 14.3
2. The input signal Vin is given to the circuit through a function generator (sinusoidal signal).
3. Measure the magnitude (peak to peak) of the input and output by using CRO.
4. Increase the frequency in steps and observe the magnitude of Vout and note down in Table 14.1.
5. Plot the frequency response in a semi-log sheet.

Figure 14.3: Common Emitter amplifier (Multisim) Table 14.1

Frequency 𝑽𝒊𝒏 𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 Gain (dB)

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 Department of Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology University
of Sindh, Jamshoro

Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-123)

𝑨𝑽 = 𝟐𝟎𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑨𝑽
𝑽𝒊𝒏
1 Hz
2 Hz
5 Hz
10 Hz
20 Hz
50 Hz
100 Hz
200 Hz
500 Hz
1 KHz
2 KHz
5 KHz
10 KHz
20 KHz
50 KHz
100 KHz
200 KHz
500 KHz
1 MHz
2 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz
20 MHz
50 MHz

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 Department of Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology University
of Sindh, Jamshoro

Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-123)

Semi log paper

Lower cutoff frequency =

Upper cutoff frequency =
Bandwidth =