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    Historical Evolution of Dentin Bonding Agents A CL

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    Historical Evolution of Dentin Bonding Agents A CL

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    Historical Evolution of Dentin Bonding Agents a Cl

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    6 views3 pages

    Historical Evolution of Dentin Bonding Agents A CL

    Uploaded by

    Gabriela Monteiro

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    of 3

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

    ISSN(print): 2643-9840, ISSN(online): 2643-9875


    Volume 06 Issue 01 January 2023
    DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v6-i1-50, Impact Factor: 6.261
    Page No. 452-454

    Historical Evolution of Dentin Bonding Agents: A Clinician’s


    Perspective
    Aditi Kulshrestha1, Harpreet Singh2, Rishu Gautam3
    1
    Post Graduate student, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Baba Jaswant Singh Dental
    College, Ludhiana.
    2
    Principal and Head of Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Baba Jaswant Singh Dental
    College, Ludhiana.
    3
    Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Baba Jaswant Singh Dental College,
    Ludhiana.

    ABSTRACT: The development of dentin bonding agents has revolutionized the field of esthetic and restorative dentistry.
    Buonocore’s discovery on enamel acid-etching followed by description of hybrid layer by Nakabayashi et al are some of the major
    breakthroughs which are responsible for changing paradigms in adhesive dentistry.On the basis of mode of use,dental adhesives
    can be divided in generations. Currently, challenges lie in front of the researchers to develop products that not only bind to the
    tooth but also contain antibacterial, remineralizing and enzymatic-inhibitory properties that can increase the longevity of the
    adhesive procedures.This paper provides an insight into the historical evolution of dentin bonding agents.

    KEYWORDS: adhesion, bonding, bonding agents, dentin, generations

    INTRODUCTION
    Outlook towards cavity preparation has changed drastically with the advent of adhesive materials since it is no longer necessary
    to prepare the cavity in order to provide mechanical retention through features such as dovetails, grooves, undercuts to retain
    the restorative material. Adhesive dentistry has also resulted in the conservation of large quantities of sound tooth structure.

    BONDING AGENTS AND ADHESIVE DENTISTRY


    In the early 1950s,research into agents that could attach resins to tooth structure was initiated.The first attempt to develop an
    adhesive system for bonding acrylic resins to tooth structure was made by Dr. Hagger who was a Swiss chemist and worked for
    DeTrey/Amalgamated Dental Company [1].He patented the first dental adhesive product called “Sevriton Cavity Seal” in 1951.
    This bonding agent contained adhesive glycerolphosphoric acid dimethacrylate (GPDM) [2]. In the year 1952,a study published by
    Mclean and Kramer suggested that, “Sevriton Cavity Seal” material containing glycerolphosphoric acid dimethacrylate (GPDM)
    improved adhesion to dentin by “penetrating the surface and forming an intermediate layer” [3].Later in the year 1955,it was Dr.
    Michael Buonocore,regarded as the pioneer of ‘Adhesive Dentistry',who gave the concept of acid-etched enhanced adhesion after
    observing that some automobile industries used phosphoric acid to treat metal surfaces in order to obtain better adhesion of the
    primer to the metal [4].He subsequently applied this idea to enhance the adhesion of resin to enamel surfaces [5] and in his
    groundbreaking research used 85% phosphoric acid [6]. A timeline of major breakthroughs in the history of bonding agents has
    been illustrated in Figure 1.

    IJMRA, Volume 06 Issue 01 Janaury 2023 www.ijmra.in Page 452


    Historical Evolution of Dentin Bonding Agents: A Clinician’s Perspective

    Fig.1. A timeline of major breakthroughs in the history of bonding agents

    Bowen in his ground-breaking research developed the BisGMA (bisphenol glycidyl methacrylate),a monomer which is used in most
    modern composite resin materials [7].In his efforts to effectively bond this compound to the tooth,in the year 1965,he also
    developed a surface active comonomer named NPG-GMA(N-phenylglycine-glycidyl methacrylate). He concluded that the
    mechanism by which the NPG-GMA coupling agent improves bonding between a methacrylate resin and hard tooth tissues may
    be primarily by interaction with the mineral phase rather than with the organic phase of the tooth structures [8]. This formed the
    basis of development of NPGGMA origin dentin bonding agents,also known as the first generation adhesives. The first
    commercially available product was Cervident (SS White).
    In the 1970s, identification of smear layer was made possible using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and was first reported
    by Eick et al [9]. The second generation adhesives evolved around this time.The first and second generation adhesives were
    applied over the smear layer which resulted in low bond strengths [10].Commercial products from secondgeneration bonding
    agents include Clearfil and Prisma Universal Bond.
    The researchers soon realized that the smear layer had to be removed or modified/ in order to let the adhesives bond with dentin
    [11] which led to the advent to the third-generation adhesives. Scotchbond 2 (3M Dental) was one of the first bonding agents in
    this generation.
    Developed in the 1980s-1990s, the fourth generation bonding agents were the first ones aiming to completely eliminate the
    smear layer. They make use of the “Total-Etch” technique, which was based on a Japanese research originally conducted by
    Fusayama et al [12].
    During the early 1990s, the complexity of use of the preceding generation led the manufactures to develop the fifth generation.
    It is 2-step etch and rinse adhesives that combined the primer and bonding agent in “one-bottle”. The commercial products of this
    generation bonding systems include One-Coat Bond (Coltene) and Prime and bond (Dentsply) [13].
    In the late 1990s, sixth generation systems were developed.They are 2-step self-etch adhesives that provide a self-etch primer,
    combining the etchant with a primer, followed by the application of an adhesive resin.Commercial systems available are Adper
    Prompt L – Pop (3M ESPE) and Xeno III (Dentsply) [13].
    During the years 1999-2005, seventh generation adhesives or 1-step self-etch adhesives or “all-in-one” adhesives were
    developed.They combined all three etching, priming and bonding functions in just one bottle.Commercial materials available are
    ibond (Heraeuskulzer), Xeno IV (Dentsply) and One coat 7 universal (Coltene) [13].

    CONCLUSION
    In the hindsight,the state and simplification of adhesive bonding technology that has been achieved today,can be attributed to
    the persistent efforts made by various researchers in the past.After extensive experiments and research, a paradigm shift has
    been seen in adhesive dentistry. The future perspectives include adhesive systems that not only bond effectively to enamel and/or
    dentin but also present additional features such as remineralizing properties,antibacterial effects and enzymatic inhibition.Though
    research has been going on in this arena but further research is needed to develop products that deliver better results in clinical
    conditions.
    The historical perspective of evolution of bonding agents as per their development has been illustrated in Figure 2 –

    IJMRA, Volume 06 Issue 01 Janaury 2023 www.ijmra.in Page 453


    Historical Evolution of Dentin Bonding Agents: A Clinician’s Perspective

    Fig. 2. Historical perspective of evolution of bonding agents

    REFERENCES
    1) Soderholm K. Dental adhesives.... how it all started and later evolved. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry. 2007 Jan 1;9:227.
    2) McLean JW. The pioneers of enamel and dentin bonding. The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry. 1999 Jan 1;1(3):185-7.
    3) Kramer IR. Alternations in the staining reaction of dentine resulting from a constituent of a new self-polymerizing resin.
    Brit Dent J. 1952;93:150-3.
    4) Babu NV, Joseph R. Dr. Michael Buonocore-Adhesive Dentistry1955'. Journal of Conservative Dentistry. 2005 Jul 1;8(3):43.
    5) Buonocore MG. A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. Journal of
    dental research. 1955 Dec;34(6):849-53.
    6) Buonocore M, Wileman W, Brudevold F. A report on a resin composition capable of bonding to human dentin surfaces.
    Journal of Dental Research. 1956 Dec;35(6):846-51.
    7) Bowen RL. Use of epoxy resins in restorative materials. Journal of Dental Research. 1956 Jun;35(3):360-9.
    8) Bowen RL. Adhesive bonding of various materials to hard tooth tissues. II. Bonding to dentin promoted by a surface-active
    comonomer. Journal of dental research. 1965 Sep;44(5):895-902
    9) Eick JD, Wilko RA, Anderson CH, Sorensen SE. Scanning electron microscopy of cut tooth surfaces and identification of
    debris by use of the electron microprobe. Journal of Dental Research. 1970 Jun;49(6):1359-68.
    10) Tay FR, Pashley DH. Have dentin adhesives become too hydrophilic?. Journal-Canadian Dental Association. 2003 Dec
    1;69(11):726-32.
    11) Alex G. Is total-etch dead? Evidence suggests otherwise. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry (Jamesburg,
    NJ: 1995). 2012 Jan 1;33(1):12-4.
    12) Fusayama T, Nakamura M, Kurosaki N, Iwaku M. Non-pressure adhesion of a new adhesive restorative resin. Journal of
    dental research. 1979 Apr;58(4):1364-70.
    13) Meerbeek BV, Yoshihara K, Van Landuyt K, Yoshida Y, Peumans
    14) M. From Buonocore's Pioneering Acid-Etch Technique to SelfAdhering Restoratives. A Status Perspective of Rapidly
    Advancing Dental Adhesive Technology. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry. 2020 Jan 1;22(1).
    15) Sebold M, André CB, Sahadi BO, Breschi L, Giannini M. Chronological history and current advancements of dental adhesive
    systems development: a narrative review. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 2021 Sep 17;35(18):1941-67.
    16) Kanca III J. Resin bonding to wet substrate. I. Bonding to dentin.
    17) Quintessence International. 1992 Jan 1;23(1).

    There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons
    Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
    (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and
    building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

    IJMRA, Volume 06 Issue 01 Janaury 2023 www.ijmra.in Page 454

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