NAME: SAWE CARREN CHEPNGETICH

UNIVERSITY: KABARAK UNIVERSITY

FACULTY: SCHOOL OF EDUCATION ARTS

REG NO: EDA/MG/2289/05/18

YEAR:Y4S2

CODE:EDUC 328

UNIT: TEACHING RESOURCE PROJECT

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DECLARATION
STUDENT’S DECLARATION.

I declare that is my original work and has never been presented for an award of degree or diploma in this
or any other university

STUDENT’S NAME: REG. No SIGNATURE:

CARREN CHEPNGETICH SAWE EDA/MG/2289/05/18. ......................

Assessor

Signature ………………………………

Date ……………………………………...

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I acknowledge the Almighty God for giving me life and strength to pursue my studies in Kabarak
University. I would like also to express my appreciation to my parents for their support in sustaining me
as far as my studies are concerned. I also want to thank Kabarak university management led by His
Excellency retired President Daniel T. Moi for establishing this private institution treasured with firm
foundations in Biblical values and perspectives.

I would wish to acknowledge the principal Athinai Secondary school; Mr. Mika Tenges giving me
opportunity to participate in his school.

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DEDICATION
This document is dedicated to my lectures, my parents, mentors and fellow teacher who have really
contribute to my success through the entire period of compiling this research proposal and my family for
financial support they have offered to me for this project.

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ABSTRACT
Following drastic fail and consistent poor performance on Geography subject especially on the topic of
the earth and the solar system particularly on the structure of the earth based on current form three and
form four performance, this triggered attention to come up with a model to represent the structure of earth
to use while teaching current form one students and provide essential concept on continuing learners.

The resource has equipped learners with useful skills of observation, drawing, sketching, painting crucial
in their daily lives acquired while creating this model.

They acquired creativity and innovation knowledge on improvising this model to further level because
they actively take part in preparation of this model.

The project is vital for improvement of performance and interest development towards subject of
Geography since this model employ more sense organs therefore enhances memory and longer retention
of knowledge.

Learning resource on model structure of the earth development was carried out at Athinai Secondary
School, Nakuru zone, Nakuru county.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents
DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................................................iii
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................vi
1.1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT................................................................................................................1
1.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION...............................................................................................................2
1.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION........................................................................................................................3
1.3.1 FACTORS LED TO THE CHOICE OF THE PROJECT.................................................................................3
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT................................................................................................................4
1.5 PROJECT PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION.....................................................................................................4
1.5.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT..........................................................................................................4
1.5.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT TO THE LEARNERS...........................................................................4
1.5.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT TO THE TEACHER..............................................................................5
1.6 PROJECT DESIGN....................................................................................................................................5
1.7 PROJECT RESOURCES OR MATERIAL REQUIRED....................................................................................5
1.8 BUDGET.................................................................................................................................................6
1.9 WORK STUDY.........................................................................................................................................7
2.1 REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................8

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1.1 INTRODUCTION
SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY

TITLE OF THE PROJECT: THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH.

INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT

The project I am developing is to deal with the model of the structure of the earth using locally available
materials, pertaining Geography subject which is importance in Kenyan curriculum.

The project will help the learners to acquire creativity and innovation in that they will be involved in the
making of the project using locally available materials, furthermore will help them to acquire practical
skills like observation and drawing. Moreover, it will help learners to understand and explain the origin of
the earth and the solar system.

The project is going to take place at Athinai secondary School, Nakuru zone, Rongai sub county, Nakuru
county, because the school has been performing dismally in geography over the years.

Geography is a subject that helps learners to learn more on physical structure of the earth and various
landforms features associated to physical phenomenon. It enables learners to appreciate formation of the
earth and the solar system origin.

Geography is much concerned to both natural and human features on the face of the earth.

Spatial distribution of various human features and physical phenomenon enables learners to understand
more about our environment and daily activities include soil, vegetation, climate, drainage and weather.

This has immense benefit because it has enhanced good understanding and mastery of the topic not only
to students but also the entire humanity department.

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1.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Athinai secondary is a public secondary school which is located along the Nakuru-Mogotio road.

The principal has portrayed great commitment and hope to run school well with a lot of determination and
competence. She is so friendly to all staff members, non-teaching staff and also to students. The principal
has good leadership qualities and relate very well to the community.

PERFORMANCE OF GEOGRAPHY.

The school has been performing relatively well for the past six years where it has been recording a mean
of 4.0 and above, last year it recorded mean score of 4.87 making deviation of 0.80 as compared to
previous years means of 4.07

This was below the target of 6.0 as per strategic plan of the school since it had set a target of getting a
mean score of 6.0 by 2018

Performance over last 6 years has been shown below:

2019 4.870

2018 4.070

2017 4.370

2016 4.327

2015 4.451

2014 4.209

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1.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
Researchers have shown that when a teacher uses teaching resources to teach Geography learners benefits
in the following ways:

-Help in making learning interesting and lively hence capture and sustain learner’s attention to the topic
under investigation.

-Enable learners to retain a substantial part of what is being learnt thud remember the content for a long
time.

-Help the learner to use several senses thus enable what is learnt to be more meaningful. Motivates and
stimulate learner’s imagination and help minimize teacher monotony as they add variety to the
instructional process.

-Supplement the spoken word hence enable the teacher not to use a lot of energy and effort in explaining
the entire aspects of content thus save time.

-Help in consolidating what has been learnt thus contributing in making learning real.

-Enables the learner to develop their power of observation and reasoning thus improve their thinking and
problem-solving skills.

Additionally, it helps the teacher to test whether the student has improved their understanding of the topic
or concept. Teaching without resources at hand makes the entire learning process boring and monotonous
since there will be no extra resource that supplements the information or the topic being covered

According to the scholars, Geography is regarded as one of the boosters’ subjects in school by virtue of
being a humanity subject. However, historically results have not been promising in this school since most
of the students fail to comprehend the topic on the structure of the earth according to the results which
have been posted in different exams both internal and nationally with a model /resource presentation to
foster understanding of this concept and above all to improve the results generally in Geography in the
school.

1.3.1 FACTORS LED TO THE CHOICE OF THE PROJECT

This project does not depend on electricity to function therefore it cannot disappoint during presentation.

The head of Humanity Department agreed with the idea of the use of model and recommended that it is a
good idea.

The teachers of related subject accepted the idea as useful and applicable in teaching thus it will serve as a
board field of knowledge.

The project is attractive and durable since it will not break down easily.

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1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
Develop positive attitude and stimulate learning in Geography

Use the learning resources by applying observable feature.

Appreciate the importance of learning resource to the efficiency in learning environment

Choose Geography as their career subject.

1.5 PROJECT PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

It has been noted that Geography as a subject has been poorly performed in Athinai secondary School in
the recent years. In 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 the students scored a mean score of 4.327, 4.370, 4.070
and 4.870 respectively. Majority of Candidates scored between C+ and D yet the subject is very simple
once a student understands the concept. This issue drew more attention to humanity department therefore
prompted me to come up with this project concerning the structure of the earth to assist learners because
this sub topic is poorly performed. This challenge I discovered while marking series one examinations
whereby many students were not able to state and explain about the structure of the earth. This made me
to come up with a strategy which will assist the students to understand this subtopic effectively.

1.5.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The project is basically involving the concept of visual sense or stimulation in capturing the imagination
and attention of the learner thus enhancing effective teaching and learning activities of the new concepts.
The project is also geared towards improving the performance of Geography subject in national
examination. The project will be beneficial to the teachers of Geography as well as students as they will
be able to effectively employ it in teaching and learning process instead of just relying on the text books
and class notes.

1.5.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT TO THE LEARNERS

Teaching material will help to cultivate the attention of the students, makes class more realistic and it
gives a key point on the topic.

It will help in finding learners to learn well and reduce the stress involved in teaching learning process.

Instructional material is important because learners will have a clear view of what is taught. The model
will help students get a true picture of what is being taught.

The project will enhance teaching methods and comprehension.

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1.5.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT TO THE TEACHER
Helps the teacher in making the lesson more interesting.

Helps the teacher to capture student’s attention as they follow illustration on the model.

Instruction material gives proficiency to the teacher.

Makes lessons preparation and teaching relatively easy for the teacher.

Helps the teacher enhance techniques on the use of teaching aids as the model can be used as an
independent. Instructional material without the teacher necessarily being

1.6 PROJECT DESIGN

The following factors lead to the commencement of the project successfully:

(i) Availability of resources

Most of the material required to come up with a good model are readily available thus making the process
of preparation effective.

(ii) Cost

The estimated cost of coming up with the project successfully is quite reasonable thus we expect the
project with no or minimal difficulties.

(iii) Availability of time

With the resources at hand all we need is to put all our focus and available time in designing of the project
and it should be ready for use within reasonable time.

(iv) General security of teaching and learning resources

(v) Unconditional support from the head of department as well as the school administration

1.7 PROJECT RESOURCES OR MATERIAL REQUIRED

Board (plywood)

Paints and paste, tomato sauces.

Nails

Timber and sand

Pencils

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Sharpener

Saw

String

Hammer

Tape measure

Pair of compasses

1.8 BUDGET
ITEM QUANTITY COST (in sh) TOTAL (in sh)

Paints 5 100 500

Pencils 2 25 50

Sharpener 1 20 20

Marker pen 2 50 100

Pair of compasses 1 300 300

String 1 30 30

Hammer 1 300 300

Saw 1 100 100

Tape measure 1 300 300

Nails 1\4 kg 50 50

Timber 10 m 500 500

Ply wood 1 200 200

Tomato paste 1 50 50

TOTAL. 3200

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1.9 WORK STUDY
WEEK ACTIVITY

1 Reporting to school, exams and marking

2 Choosing of the project depending on the schools’

activities and the learner’s behavior

3-4 Writing of the resource project proposal

4-5 Assembling of the materials required for the

project

6-11 Construction of the project

Writing of project report

Presentation of the project

8-11 Use as resource in class

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 2.1 REFERENCES
Certificate geography Book 1

Kenya Literature Bureau Geography Book 1