NOTABLE PHRASES (FOR REFERENCE)

1/ Regardless of: without being affected or influenced by.

Example: Regardless of the weather, the show must go on.
2/ Manual labor: physical work done by hand, especially for an hourly wage.
Example: Many construction jobs involve manual labor such as lifting heavy materials.
3/ Cost-effective: providing good value for the money spent.
Example: Using energy-efficient lightbulbs is a cost-effective way to reduce utility bills.
4/ Accommodate the needs: to make provisions or adjustments in order to satisfy the
requirements or circumstances of a particular person or group.
Example: The hotel was able to accommodate the needs of guests with disabilities by
offering accessible rooms and facilities.
5/ Do away with something: to get rid of or eliminate something.
Example: The new software update did away with many of the bugs in the previous version.
6/ Control panel: a flat surface with buttons, switches, or displays used to operate or
monitor a machine or system.
Example: The control panel on the washing machine allows you to select the desired cycle
and settings.
7/ Assembly line: an arrangement of workers and equipment in a factory where a product
is assembled by adding parts in a sequential manner.
Example: Automobiles are typically manufactured on assembly lines for efficiency.
8/ Not rocket science: used to describe something that is not particularly difficult or
complicated.
Example: Changing a flat tire is not rocket science; anyone can learn how to do it.
9/ Cutting edge: the most advanced or innovative in a particular area or field.
Example: The company is using cutting-edge technology to develop their new products.
10/ At the forefront of something: leading or being among the most important or advanced
in a particular area.
Example: The research team is at the forefront of developing new treatments for cancer.
11/ Solar panel: a panel designed to absorb sunlight as a source of energy for generating
electricity or heating.
Example: Many homeowners are installing solar panels to reduce their reliance on
traditional energy sources.
12/ Spiral out of control: to become increasingly worse or more intense in an uncontrolled
way.
Example: If left unchecked, the rumors could spiral out of control and cause unnecessary
panic.
13/ Cast light on something: to provide information or explanation that helps to clarify or
understand something better.
Example: The new evidence cast light on the circumstances surrounding the crime.
14/ Lay the foundations for something: to establish or create the basic principles or
groundwork for something.
Example: The research conducted in the early stages laid the foundations for the
development of the new vaccine.
15/ Pave the way for: to prepare the conditions or make something possible.
Example: The new legislation paved the way for more renewable energy projects.
16/ Live on the breadline: to have just enough money to afford basic necessities, but no
extras.
Example: After losing his job, he was living on the breadline for several months until he
found new employment.
17/ Credit crunch: a severe shortage of money or credit available for lending.
Example: During the credit crunch, many businesses struggled to secure loans or financing.
18/ In tandem with: at the same time as and in cooperation with.
Example: The marketing campaign was launched in tandem with the product release.
19/ Take the bull by the horns: to deal with a difficult situation directly and decisively.
Example: Instead of ignoring the problem, she decided to take the bull by the horns and
address it head-on.
20/ Exchange rate: the value of one currency expressed in terms of another currency.
Example: Travelers need to be aware of the exchange rate when converting their money to
the local currency.
21/ Cover your costs: to earn enough money to pay for the expenses or costs incurred.
Example: The business needs to increase its prices to cover its rising costs.
22/ Interest rate: the proportion of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower, typically
expressed as an annual percentage of the loan outstanding.
Example: The interest rate on the mortgage is currently fixed at 3.5% for the first five years.
23/ Let alone: not to mention; to say nothing of.
Example: She can barely afford rent, let alone buying a new car.
24/ Be made redundant: to have one's job eliminated, often due to downsizing or company
restructuring.
Example: Many workers were made redundant when the factory closed down.
25/ Black market: an illegal trade or exchange of goods or services.
Example: The black market for counterfeit goods is a major problem for many legitimate
businesses.
26/ Flea market: an outdoor market selling secondhand goods, typically from temporary
stalls or the back of vehicles.
Example: You can often find interesting antiques and collectibles at flea markets.
27/ Bank statement: a document provided by a bank that shows the transactions and balance
of a customer's account over a specific period.
Example: She reviews her bank statement each month to track her spending and ensure
there are no errors.
28/ Bank balance: the amount of money currently available in a bank account.
Example: Before making a large purchase, he checked his bank balance to ensure he had
enough funds.
29/ Tighten your belt: to reduce one's spending or consumption due to financial constraints.
Example: With the rising cost of living, many families have had to tighten their belts and
cut back on expenses.
30/ Have deep pockets: to have a significant amount of money or resources available.
Example: Only companies with deep pockets can afford to invest in such costly research
and development projects.
31/ Sales figures: numerical data showing the amount or quantity of goods or services sold
over a specific period.
Example: The company was pleased with the strong sales figures for their new product
line.
32/ Get your money's worth: to receive full value or benefit from something for the money
spent.
Example: The all-inclusive vacation package allowed us to get our money's worth with
numerous amenities and activities included.
33/ Make ends meet: to have just enough money or income to cover basic living expenses.
Example: With both parents working multiple jobs, the family was barely making ends
meet.
34/ Be down to earth: to be practical, sensible, and unpretentious.
Example: Despite her fame and success, she has remained down to earth and approachable.
35/ Abject poverty: a state of extreme poverty characterized by a lack of basic human needs
such as food, water, and shelter.
Example: The nonprofit organization aims to provide aid and support to communities living
in abject poverty.
36/ Dirt cheap: extremely low in price or cost.
Example: The store was offering dirt cheap prices on last season's clothing inventory.
37/ Fall behind: to fail to keep up or make sufficient progress.
Example: If you fall behind in your coursework, it can be challenging to catch up later.
38/ Cash flow: the movement of money in and out of a business or individual's accounts.
Example: Maintaining a healthy cash flow is crucial for the company's financial stability.
39/ Be no object: to not be a concern or problem, especially regarding cost or expense.
Example: For their dream vacation, money was no object, and they spared no expense.
40/ On a spending spree: a period of excessive or unrestrained spending.
Example: After receiving her bonus, she went on a shopping spree, buying new clothes and
electronics.
41/ Culture vulture: someone with a keen interest in and enthusiastic pursuit of cultural
activities, such as art, music, and literature.
Example: As a culture vulture, she attends numerous plays, concerts, and gallery openings
throughout the year.
42/ Pilot project: a small-scale preliminary study or trial run conducted to evaluate
feasibility, cost, and potential before implementing a full-scale project.
Example: The company initiated a pilot project to test the new software system before
rolling it out company-wide.
43/ Cater for: to provide or supply what is needed or required.
Example: The event venue can cater for up to 500 guests with its spacious facilities.
44/ Record label: a company that manages and promotes the recording and distribution of
music by artists.
Example: The band signed a deal with a major record label to release their debut album.
45/ Under contract: bound by the terms and conditions of a legally binding agreement.
Example: The athlete is under contract with the team for the next three seasons.
46/ In harmony with: in agreement or accordance with; consistent with. Example: The new
building's design is in harmony with the surrounding natural environment.
47/ Backing singer: a singer who provides vocal support and harmonies behind the lead
vocalist during live performances or recordings.
Example: The pop star was accompanied by a talented group of backing singers during her
concert tour.
48/ Lead vocalist: the main or principal singer in a musical group or band.
Example: The lead vocalist of the rock band has a powerful and distinctive voice.
49/ Opening act: a performer or group that appears first at a concert or event, typically
before the main or headline act.
Example: The up-and-coming band was invited to be the opening act for the popular rock
group's tour.
50/ On display: exhibited or presented for public viewing.
Example: The museum has a fascinating collection of ancient artifacts on display.
 MINI TEST
I/ MULTIPLE CHOICE
1: The authorities are closely monitoring the _________ of the situation at the border.
a. accuracy b. meaning c. gravity d. state
2: It's _________ whether the team will make the playoffs this year after their star player's
injury.
a. out of bounds b. hanging by c. touch-and-go d. from left
a thread field
3: Her innovative teaching methods really break the _________ of traditional classroom
instruction.
a. cycle b. bank c. mold d. ice
4: The _________ shy student avoided eye contact during the presentation.
a. painfully b. mostly c. thoroughly d. fully
5: I had to _________ my kids into doing their homework every night.
a. bug b. badger c. hound d. chicken
6: The Wellness Retreat offers a deluxe spa experience for anyone _________ from the
frenetic pace of daily life.
a. to long b. escaping c. longing d. longing
to escape to long to escape in escaping
7: Only in case of emergency _________ in order to provide a safe escape route from the
rear of the building.
a. will the fire door have opened
b. the fire door open
c. will the fire door be opened
d. the fire door will be opened
8: I’m glad I turned to Nora for advice; I really appreciated _________.
a. honestly with which she answered
b. how honestly she answered it
c. her answering with honesty
d. she was honest when answering
9: Stop fiddling _________ with those tools and just let a professional handle the repairs.
a. about b. over c. on d. in
10: The number of cyber attacks _________ dramatically over the past year.
a. increase b. have increased c. has increased d. increases
11: Fruit trees have to be _________ annually to promote healthy growth.
a. weeded b. pruned c. gashed d. stretched
12: Increasing security patrols may help _________ the situation in that high-crime
neighborhood.
a. medicate b. understand c. renew d. remedy
13: It's no use getting _________ him about yard work - he always lets it go until the last
minute.
a. across b. on c. off d. around
14: She's a(n) _________ fan of that pop singer and has been to dozens of his concerts.
a. constant b. apathetic c. keen d. trusty
15: The company only hires the _________ of the crop from top universities.
a. pearl b. flower c. cream d. gold
16: The software developers and designers have to work in _________ on the new app.
a. tandem b. conformity c. correspondence d. tangent
17: Good managers know how to _________ tasks to capable team members.
a. govern b. manage c. delegate d. administrate
18: She's been struggling with a nagging _________ that keeps her feeling run down.
a. ailment b. misfortune c. calamity d. disadvantage
19: That sketchy investment advisor completely led me up the garden _________ about
those stocks.
a. way b. path c. route d. course
20: We live in the commuter _________ around the city where home prices are a bit
cheaper.
a. line b. belt c. pane d. skirt
21: Always read the _________ print before signing any legal contract.
a. bold b. hidden c. clean d. fine
22: As the tide _________, it leaves behind all kinds of shells on the beach.
a. removes b. refills c. retires d. recedes
23: "How strange _________ you say that - I was just thinking the same thing!"
a. should b. would c. may d. could
24: If you're not going to study, you _________ even take the exam.
a. would b. would not c. might as d. might not
as well not as well well not as well
25: Don't blow a _________ - a broken fridge is no reason to lose your cool.
a. switch b. plug c. socket d. fuse

II/ GUIDED CLOZE

Poor little rich girl
An uncle who died in a (26)_____ airplane accident that many of the Greek public still feel
was (27)_____ by the CIA. A grandfather who (28)_____ a fortune which has brought none
of his (29)_____ any happiness – so far anyway. Her mother had a drink, drugs and Coca
Cola problem and was still young when she (30)_____. Her step-father is still (31)_____
through the courts to gain control of her money. In spite of all her wealth, would you want
to be Athina Onassis?
(26) a. horrific b. terrific c. stupendous d. climactic
(27) a. made b. arranged c. placed d. done
(28) a. amassed b. gathered c. selected d. amalgamated
(29) a. ancestors b. descendants c. familiars d. antecedents
(30) a. threw b. looked c. passed d. grew away
away away away
(31) a. passing b. looking c. searching d. going

When in Rome...
The Romans (32)_____ it all for granted. They are used to (33)_____ their espressos
alongside a Baroque fountain in a piazza designed for chariot races. Each day on their way
to work, they pass (34)_____ temples, triumphal arches and aqueducts without so much as
a second (35)_____.They are not (36)_____ surprised that a Renaissance palace should
sprout from an ancient amphitheatre, that the columns of Minerva should (37)_____ a
shrine to the Madonna, or that basilicas should flower over the bones of martyrs dead nearly
2000 years.
(32) a. grab b. take c. hold d. catch
(33) a. sipping b. siphoning c. spooning d. stirring
(34) a. destroyed b. damaged c. ruined d. collapsed
(35) a. peep b. wink c. stare d. glance
(36) a. grossly b. greatly c. largely d. hugely
(37) a. erect b. support c. construct d. build
 A smeared president
Americans like to take their children to the White House, maybe get a picture, take a tour,
hear a story. This is where one man decided to free four million slaves, others to (38)_____
a just war, to build a Great Society, to (39)_____ an ‘evil empire’. Great men, when they
gain (40)_____ of the presidency, make the Oval Office shine, stake their (41)_____ to a
portrait on the creamy walls. (42)_____ men at the very least, are expected not to smear
(43)_____ on them. When Bill Clinton got the keys, the voters knew he brought a lot of
debris with him, but they at least expected him to keep the offices clean.
(38) a. wage b. battle c. struggle d. combat
(39) a. push b. topple c. totter d. shove
(40) a. custody b. care c. ward d. charge
(41) a. claim b. right c. due d. debt
(42) a. Littler b. Smaller c. Tinier d. Lesser
(43) a. grease b. residue c. mud d. glue

III/ READING
PASSAGE 1:
How To Talk To Aliens
On Nov. 16, 1974, astronomer Frank Drake dedicated a new observatory in Arecibo, Puerto
Rico, by sending humankind's first deliberate communication to extraterrestrials.
The message, made up of 1,679 seemingly random zeros and ones, was shorter than the
first four paragraphs of this article, but it still took three minutes to send. While the message
began its voyage to the cosmos--a 24,000 year trip to M-13, a cluster of stars in the
constellation Hercules, to be exact--visiting dignitaries listened over a loudspeaker while
each bit played as a short, high-pitched tone. Some participants later said it brought tears
to their eyes.
44: ______________________________________
To a large extent, modern technologies have made these suggestions irrelevant. Since the
1920s, human radio and TV broadcasts have spammed the galaxy, and anyone listening has
already gotten an earful. "In some sense, this is all academic, because we have been
broadcasting to aliens for decades," says Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the SETI
Institute, a nonprofit organization dedicated to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
"They're already watching Kate Smith and Kukla Fran and Howdy Doody."
45: ______________________________________
The Arecibo broadcast represented one approach. Those 1,679 zeros and ones carried
hidden meaning for any intelligent species who noticed that 1,679 is the product of two
prime numbers, 73 and 23. Arrange the message in 73 rows of 23 numbers, and you get a
picture painted in bits. It was a novel approach, but the message was hidden, and it
depended on aliens making leaps of logic in order to decipher it.
46: ______________________________________
These efforts are notable because so few other attempts have been made to craft a message
to alien civilizations. But as actual attempts at communication, the spacecraft fall flat.
They're too small to notice and move too slowly. Far better to use a broadcast signal, which
we can target at a specific star, and which moves at the speed of light.
47: ______________________________________
And we could do it with style. "One nice thing about light is that creatures develop eyes,
and it would be possible to make optical radiation bright enough to see," says Paul
Horowitz, a professor of physics at Harvard University. "That's an unmistakable signature.
You look up, and there's a star, blinking in code, and the color's changing, too."
48: ______________________________________
Other researchers suggest that the best way to get an alien's attention is to send it a
significant numeric pattern, perhaps prime numbers or the value of Pi. "Maybe the most
fundamental way to initiate a message would be with mathematics," says Horowitz. "A lot
of stuff will surely be understood by anybody, no matter what slime they're made out of,
because it’s so basic."
49: ______________________________________
The discussion might seem academic. But many astronomers are confident they'll detect
an extraterrestrial intelligence in the next few decades, and when that happens, we better
have an official reply ready, or risk being drowned out by the public.
Choices:
A. Arecibo wasn't the first time Drake pondered how to address an alien audience. In
March 1972, a plaque he designed with legendary astronomer Carl Sagan was
blasted into space on board the Pioneer 10 spacecraft. (Click here to see the Pioneer
Plaque.) A few years later, Drake and Sagan would team up again on a much more
ambitious project, attaching a gold-plated record full of music and photos onto the
two Voyager probes.
B. If you’re sending a message to extraterrestrials, what you want to send is what’s
special about us and our planet – what’s unusual. Now that’s not basic chemistry or
mineralogy, it’s pretty much the cultural stuff and the consequences of evolution.
C. Humans have debated the best ways to contact our interstellar neighbors for
centuries. In 1820, German mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss proposed cutting
an enormous right triangle into the Siberian pine forest, creating a monument to the
Pythagorean theorem big enough to see from outer space. Twenty years later,
Austrian astronomer Joseph von Littrow expanded on that idea, suggesting the
excavation of huge trenches in the Sahara desert, which would be filled with
kerosene and set ablaze. Flaming triangles, circles and squares would be a beacon
to our solar neighbors, at least until the fire went out.
D. Next comes the question of what the message should say. Drake says if he could do
it again, he might convene an international committee of scientists, artists,
politicians and religious figures to produce a holographic movie about life on Earth.
E. But what if we decided we wanted to send a message with intent, something that
will say more about us than an episode of The Love Boat? What's the best way to
create a message that will be received, understood and useful?
F. The mathematical approach has its critics. "You're not going to send the value of
Pi," says Shostak. "If aliens sent us the value of Pi, wouldn't you be disappointed?
You learned that in seventh grade."
G. Instead, why not transmit everything we've got? "I would just send the entire
contents of Google's servers," says Shostak. "To begin with, you don't have to worry
about the fact that they don’t speak English, because there's a lot of redundancy, so
they'll learn it. And every subject is in there…”
H. We could use the same radio frequencies as the Arecibo message, but why not do
something a little more dramatic? The universe is pretty transparent to optical light
– that's how we can see far away galaxies. If we used a bank of high-powered lasers,
we could beam a high-bandwidth message across the cosmos.
PASSAGE 2:
Work
Work has always been fought over and argued about. Is it a pleasure or a burden, is it a
necessary effort or a basic human value which must be protected? And the most basic
question of all, do human beings have to work? In this regard, at least, there seems to be
unanimity – the person of leisure, liberated from any obligation to labor, becomes ill. Work
not only brings a person material wealth, but ‘There is no meaning to life without work,’
writes theologian Hans Kung. ‘Work as a systematic, goal-oriented activity is quite simply
a characteristic of humankind. Without meaningful work, people lose a part of their human
dignity.’
But the reality of this concept, in all its harshness, has only begun to take hold in the latter
half of this century. Work for everyone – that motivating cry of the postwar era – led to
success. And work brought prosperity. And prosperity brought unemployment. The age of
full employment, which did indeed exist, for example, in Germany in the years after the
war, is gone. The question has already been raised: ‘Full Employment - A Social-Romantic
Utopia?’
The problem is multifaceted. When one raises the issue, the inevitable answer refers to the
need to act, to blaze new trails, to leave the old ways behind. Part of what is meant here, of
course, is a phase of reorientation or restructuring, which involves reductions in the
workforce or having to adapt the size of the workforce to market conditions. This equation
has been knocked out of kilter, a situation which has to be put right in the years to come.
In other words, reduced workforces would not only be expected to achieve the same
productivity, but even better results for business.
Some cry exploitation, while others have finally stopped holding their breath. Finally,
working people will be taken seriously in bringing their very own capital to the market, ie,
their own ability to perform.This physical capital, which had earlier been seen in the form
of slaves, serfs and bondsmen, chained to their ‘owners' in order to simply survive,
eventually became – and not in the most humanly dignified manner – assembly line work
which turned human beings into little more than puppets. Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times
forever immortalized this view of humankind as poor workers being mercilessly
manipulated by unseen capitalist puppet-masters.
Be that as it may, this way of working is no longer the norm in industrialized countries.
People who today still have jobs in large companies are appealed to in terms of their
‘human capital’. For example, in the management manual for a mid-sized chemical
company: ‘All tasks within the company should be divided in such a way that they are
assigned to only those who are properly trained to fulfill them.' Put another way, this means
that it is not the hierarchy’s existence for the sake of the hierarchy or its own vanity that
brings about success, but the individual responsibility of each employee. This approach is
naturally a great boon to those people whose capital is know-how, specialist knowledge, a
specific field. Has this not always been the goal, to be taken seriously, not just help increase
the wealth of the company owner?
Should we condemn manufacturers for saying that if they are fine, their workers are fine?
If business takes a turn for the worse and suffers losses, they say it is their responsibility to
find new markets for new products in order to keep their employees working. This would
confirm the theory that if the market functions, everybody gets their just desserts. Seen in
the right light, a market economy is a true social mechanism.

50: What point does the writer make about work in the first paragraph?
a. Work is the bane of peoples’ lives.
b. There is no consensus about work.
c. People should have goals.
d. It is a necessary aspect of human pride.
51: When an economy is functioning well
a. it has to be questioned.
b. war has preceded it.
c. there will follow unemployment.
d. there is no harshness.
52: What is suggested about reduced workforces?
a. An identical or superior output is desired.
b. Full employment would still be possible.
c. Market conditions would have to be adapted.
d. In years to come the killer will have to be put right.
53: What does the example of Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times illustrate?
a. the immortality of humankind.
b. that masters are never seen by the workers.
c. that workers are cruelly misused by their masters.
d. that capitalists are the masters
54: According to the chemical company, jobs within the company should only be given to
a. people who will complete them.
b. an individual with responsibility.
c. those who are experts at their particular job.
d. an employee who is not too vain to do the job.
55: Who has benefited by the way companies operate?
a. those with capital.
b. those with special skills
c. those who want to be taken seriously.
d. those responsible for individuals.
56: In the writer’s opinion, if the market functions
a. the workers are fine.
b. everybody gets what they really deserve.
c. it allows the boss to look for other jobs.
d. then some people will suffer losses.
IV/ WORD FORMATION
Recent research has indicated that talent as an innate characteristic is purely a myth, and
that there is nothing (57) __________ (MIRACLE) about someone excelling in their
chosen area of expertise. What really matters is (58) __________ (DILIGENT) and what’s
become known as ‘purposeful practice’; in other words, (59) __________ (EXPLICIT)
trying to improve. Only by applying yourself and striving to be better each time you
practise can you be any good at anything, be it playing chess or running a marathon. The
increments in ability may be almost (60) __________ (PERCEIVE) but are most certainly
there. Such studies have also suggested that circumstance is as much a requirement to
success as physical attributes (like fast muscle twitch in sprinters). The (61) __________
(MAJOR) of long-distance runners, they claim, come from African countries because they
do their training at high altitudes, which is beneficial when competing at lower ones, where
increased oxygen levels are hugely (62) __________ (ENERGY). While practice and the
right conditions may appear to be (63) __________ (DISPENSE) to success, is there
actually any truth in the idea that innate talent is a myth as studies like these have (64)
__________ (SUPPOSE) proven? What may have been overlooked is who participated in
the studies. It’s (65) __________ (REASSURE) for researchers when they prove that
musicians are able to sing a perfect ‘A’ note without hearing it first – but does the research
bear (66) __________ (SCRUTINIZE)? Would it be possible to train someone professing
to have no ‘ear’ for music to do the same? Some later studies have claimed that professional
sportspeople have no more physical advantage than anyone else. If that were true, how
would one explain why (67) __________ (VIRTUAL) all basketball players are
exceptionally tall? The results VIRTUAL of nature versus nurture, it seems, are far from
conclusive.

68: The baseball fan had an impressive collection of autographed __________ from Hall
of Fame players. MEMORY
69: Despite the __________ conditions, they decided to go sledding in the park. WINTER
70: The company hired an experienced __________ to analyze and fix the supply chain
issues. TROUBLE
71: The __________ teenager was always up-to-date on the latest social media trends and
pop culture. SWITCH
72: The traffic slowed to a crawl as __________ drivers tried to catch a glimpse of the
accident on the other side of the highway. NECK
73: Without any concrete evidence, the rumor was merely __________ and couldn't be
proven true. HEAR
74: The politician resigned after behaving __________ and violating the public's trust.
GRACE
75: The magician's impressive illusions and sleight of hand tricks were so baffling that they
left the audience utterly __________. STUPID

V/ OPEN CLOZE
The submarine
Special boats designed to dive and operate beneath the surface of the sea, submarines were
(76) __________ devised in 1620 and hand-operated (77) __________ were invented in
(78) __________ 1770s. By the 1870s, a steam-operated submarine was (79) __________
use which had a fire to heat water to (80) __________ steam but when it dived, the chimney
had to be pulled down and the fire (81) __________ out.
In the twentieth century, submarines were developed and used during (82) __________
World Wars by the opposing naval forces. They were (83) __________ by petrol-driven
engines while on the surface but (84) __________ on batteries beneath the sea, and today
diesel is used in modern submarines of this (85) __________.
All submarines operate on a similar principle, as far as diving and (86) __________ to the
surface is concerned. They have hollow ballast tanks beneath the outer ‘skin’ (87)
__________ are filled with air when the craft is on the surface. In (88) __________ to dive,
valves are (89) __________ and water enters the tank driving out the air, so the submarine
becomes heavier and (90) __________. To return to the surface, compressed air is pumped
into the tanks, with the valves open so that the water is forced out. (91) __________ the
submarine becomes lighter again and rises to the surface with wing-like hydroplanes
providing control as it dives and rises.
VI/ SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
92: Claire behaved as if she was not bothered even though her boyfriend had just left her.
Clair put on a _______________________________________________.
93: They spent three hours working and then they stopped to have lunch.
By the time _______________________________________________.
94: My dad insisted on picking me up after the party.
My dad put _______________________________________________.
95: He’s a very talented dancer who’s definitely had lots of practice over the years.
He’s a very talented dancer who ______________________________________________.
96: Not many people want typewriters nowadays.
Typewriters aren’t in much _______________________________________________.
97: Don’t ask for time off until things calm down. DUST
You should allow ___________________________________ before asking for time off.
98: I only watch television once in a blue moon. DO
Very ___________________________________ television.
99: They have a reason for wanting us to fail. VESTED
They ___________________________________ failure.
100: You didn’t enter the competition, so you had no chance of winning. MIGHT
If you had gone ___________________________________.
101: I don’t think you should give up as soon as things start to get difficult. TOWEL
I’m against __________________________________________ sign of difficult.