تربية اسلامية1
تربية اسلامية1
تربية اسلامية1
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ :
ـ ﻓﻀل ﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺒﻪ
ـ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺠﻭﻴﺩ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ
ـ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ
ـ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
ـ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩ
ـ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ
ـ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ
ـ ﺠﺩﻟﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ
ـ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ
ﺴّﻜﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ
ـ ﺍﻟﻅﹼﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻓﻀل ﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
.1ﻓﻀﺎﺌل ﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ
.2ﺜﻭﺍﺏ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ
.3ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﻓﻀل ﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ل
ﻱ ﺒﻜ ّ
ل ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺭﻏﺒﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺒﻨﺎ ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﻨﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ،ﻓﺤﺭ ّ
ﻥ ﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠ ّ
ﺇّ
ﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺭﺌﺎ ﻤﺎﻫﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﻜﻼﻡ ﺭﺒّﻪ ،ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁل ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﺩﻴـﻪ
ﻭﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻔﻪ .
.1ﻓﻀﺎﺌل ﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ :
ﺼّﻼﺓ َﻭﺃَﻨ ﹶﻔﻘﹸﻭ ﹾﺍ ِﻤﻤﱠـﺎ ﺭﺯﻗﻨـﺎﻫﻡ ﺴِـ ّﺭﹰﺍ
ﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ ﻭََﺃﻗﹶﺎﻤُﻭ ﹾﺍ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻥ َﻴ ﹾﺘﻠﹸﻭ َ
ﻥ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ِ)) :ﺇ ﱠ
ﻏﻔﹸﻭ ٌﺭ ﺸﹶـﻜﹸﻭ ٌﺭ(( ] .ﺴـﻭﺭﺓ
ﻀﻠِﻪِ ِﺇﻨﱠ ُﻪ ﹶ
ﻥ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﱠﻥ ﹶﺘﺒُﻭ َﺭِ .ﻟ ُﻴ َﻭ ﹼﻓ َﻴ ُﻬ ْﻡ ُﺃﺠُﻭ َﺭ ُﻫ ْﻡ َﻭ َﻴﺯِﻴ َﺩﻫُﻡ ﻤّﻥ ﹶﻓ ْ
ﻼﻨِﻴَﺔﹰ َﻴ ْﺭﺠُﻭ َ
ﻭَﻋَ ﹶ
ﻓﺎﻁﺭ .[30 ،29:ﻓﻴﺨﺒﺭ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻠﻭﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ،ﻭﻴﺅﻤﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ،ﻭﻴﻌﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ
ﻥ
ﻼ ﻭﻨﻬﺎﺭﺍﹰ ،ﺴﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻋﻼﻨﻴّﺔ َﻴ ْﺭﺠُـﻭ َ
ﺼّﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺭﺯﻗﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻟﻴ ﹰ
ﺇﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻥ ِﻴﻬْـﺩِﻱ
ﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺭْﺀﺍ َ
ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﱠﻥ ﹶﺘﺒُﻭ َﺭ ﺃﻱ ﻴﺭﺠﻭﻥ ﺜﻭﺍﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺼﻭﻟﻪ .ﻭﻗﺎل ﻋﺯ ﻭﺠلِ)) :ﺇ ﱠ
ﻥ
ﻥ ﹶﻻ ُﻴ ْﺅ ِﻤﻨﹸـﻭ َ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﱠـﺫِﻴ َ
ﺠﺭًﺍ ﹶﻜﺒِﻴﺭًﺍ ،ﻭَﺃ ﱠ
ﻥ ﹶﻟ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﺃ ْ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﺼّﺎﻟﺤﺎﺕ َﺃ ﱠ
ﻥ َﻴ ْﻌ َﻤﻠﹸﻭ َ
ﻥ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﻰ َﺃ ﹾﻗ َﻭ ُﻡ َﻭ ُﻴ َﺒﺸﹼ ُﺭ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ُﻤ ْﺅ ِﻤﻨِﻴ َ
ِﻟﱠﻠﺘِﻰ ِﻫ َ
ﻥ ﻤَـﺎ
ﻥ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺭْﺀﺍ ِ
ﻋﺫﹶﺍﺒًﺎ َﺃﻟِﻴﻤًﺎ(( ]ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺀ .[10 -9:ﻭﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ َ )) :ﻭ ﹸﻨ ﹶﻨﺯّ ُل ِﻤ َ
ﻋ ﹶﺘ ْﺩﻨﹶﺎ ﹶﻟ ُﻬ ْﻡ َ
ﺨ َﺭ ِﺓ َﺃ ْ
ﺒِﺎﻵ ِ
ﺨﺴَﺎﺭًﺍ(( ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺀ ،.[82/ﻭﻴﻘﻭل ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻤﻤﺘﻨﹰﺎ
ﻥ ﻭَ ﹶﻻ َﻴﺯِﻴ ُﺩ ﺍﻟﻅﹼﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ َﺇ ﱠﻻ ﹶ
ﺤ َﻤ ﹲﺔ ﹼﻟ ﹾﻠ ُﻤ ْﺅ ِﻤﻨِﻴ َ
ﺸﻔﹶﺎﺀ َﻭ َﺭ ْ
ُﻫ َﻭ ِ
ﻅ ﹲﺔ ﻤّﻥ ﱠﺭ ّﺒ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ
ﻋﹶﺱ ﹶﻗ ْﺩ ﺠَﺎﺀ ﹾﺘ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﱠﻤ ْﻭ ِ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻠﻘﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺯﻟﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺴﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ)) :ﻴﺄﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﱠﺎ ُ
ﺨﻴْـ ٌﺭ
ﺤ َﻤ ِﺘ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﺒِ ﹶﺫﻟِﻙَ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ َﻴ ﹾﻔ َﺭﺤُﻭ ﹾﺍ ُﻫ َﻭ ﹶ
ﻀلِ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ َﻭ ِﺒ َﺭ ْ
ﻥ ،ﹸﻗ ْل ﺒِ ﹶﻔ ْ
ﺤ َﻤ ﹲﺔ ﹼﻟ ﹾﻠ ُﻤ ْﺅ ِﻤﻨِﻴ َ
ﺼﺩُﻭ ِﺭ َﻭ ُﻫﺩًﻯ َﻭ َﺭ ْ
ﻭَﺸِﻔﹶﺎﺀ ِﻟﻤَﺎ ﻓِﻰ ﺍﻟ ﱡّ
ﻥ(( ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ،[58 ،57:ﺃﻱ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﺠﺎﺀﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ ﻭﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻓﻠﻴﻔﺭﺤﻭﺍ،
ﺠ َﻤﻌُﻭ َ
ّﻤﻤﱠﺎ َﻴ ْ
ﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻁﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺯّﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻨ ّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻫﺒﺔ ﻻ
ﺠ َﻤﻌُﻭ َ
ﺨ ْﻴ ٌﺭ ّﻤﻤﱠﺎ َﻴ ْ
ﻓﺈﻨﹼﻪ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﺭﺤﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ُﻫ َﻭ ﹶ
ﻤﺤﺎﻟﺔ”.
ﺸ ْﻭﻥَ
ﻥ َﻴﺨﹾـ ﹶ
ﺠﻠﹸﻭ ُﺩ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﺸﻌِ ﱡﺭ ِﻤ ﹾﻨ ُﻪ ُ
ﻲ ﹶﺘ ﹾﻘ ﹶ
ﺙ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎ ﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﱠﻤﺜﹶﺎ ِﻨ َ
ﺤﺩِﻴ ِ
ﺤﺴَﻥَ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َ
ﻭﻗﺎل ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ)) :ﺍﻟﻠﹼﱠ ُﻪ ﹶﻨ ﱠﺯ َل َﺃ ْ
ﻀ ِﻠ ِل ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ُﻪ ﹶﻓﻤَﺎ ﹶﻟ ُﻪ
ﺠﻠﹸﻭ ُﺩ ُﻫ ْﻡ َﻭ ﹸﻗﻠﹸﻭ ُﺒ ُﻬ ْﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ِﺫ ﹾﻜ ِﺭ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﺫﻟِﻙَ ُﻫﺩَﻯ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ َﻴ ْﻬﺩِﻯ ِﺒ ِﻪ ﻤَﻥ َﻴﺸﹶﺎﺀ َﻭﻤَﻥ ُﻴ ْ
ﻥ ُ
َﺭ ﱠﺒ ُﻬ ْﻡ ﹸﺜﻡﱠ ﹶﺘﻠِﻴ ُ
ﻥ ﻫَﺎ ٍﺩ((.
ِﻤ ْ
] ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯّﻤﺭ.[23:
ﻓﺄﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ،ﻭﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ ،ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜـﺎﻥ ﻫـﻭ
ل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ؛ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻔﻅﻪ
ﺍﻷﺤﺴﻥ ﻋُﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅﻪ ﺃﻓﺼﺢ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﺃﻭﻀﺤﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻴﻪ ﺃﺠ ّ
ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬ ﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺌﺘﻼﻑ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﻩ ﺤﺘﹼﻰ ﺇﻨﻪ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺘـﺩﺒﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘـﺩﺒﺭ،
ﻭﺘﻔﻜﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﻜﺭ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻪ ﺤﺘﹼﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻤﻀﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺎﻅﺭﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻴﺠﺯﻡ ﺒﺄﻨﹼﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺇﻻ
ﻲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ)) :ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﻘـﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ
ﻤﻥ ﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻡ”.ﻭﻋﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺒ ّ
ﻜﺎﻷﺘﺭﺠﺔ ﻁﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﻁﻴﺏ ﻭﺭﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﻁﻴﺏ ،ﻭﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻜﺎﻟ ﹼﺘّﻤﺭﺓ ﻁﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﻁﻴﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻴﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻤﺜـل
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻜﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺭّﻴﺤﺎﻨﺔ ﺭﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﻁﻴﺏ ﻭﻁﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﺭّ ،ﻭﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻘـﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ
ﻜﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻅﻠﺔ ﻁﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻴﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ((]ﺭﻭﺍﻩ :ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ [ .ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻁﻴـﺏ ﺍﻟـﺭّﻴﺢ ﻭﻁﻴـﺏ
ﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺒﺎﻷﺘﺭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﻁﻴـﺏ ﺍﻟـﺭّﻴﺢ
ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻌﻡ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻜﻭﻻﺕ ،ﻭﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺒ ّ
ﻭﻁﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻌﻡ ،ﺩل ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ” .
ﻭﻋﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻗﺎل :ﺴﻤﻌﺕ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻴﻘﻭل )) :ﻻ ﺤﺴﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ :ﺭﺠـل ﺁﺘـﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ
ﻻ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺘﺼﺩﻕ ﺒﻪ ﺁﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻴـل ﻭﺁﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻬـﺎﺭ(( ]ﺭﻭﺍﻩ
ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺁﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻴل ،ﻭﺭﺠل ﺃﻋﻁﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻤﺎ ﹰ
:ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ [ .ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺒﻁﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ،ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺸـﺩﻴﺩ
ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺤﺏ ﺘﻐﺒﻴﻁﻪ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ.
ﺕ :ﻗﺎل ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ)) :ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻊ
ﻭﻋﻥ ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ ﺭﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟ ّﹼ
ﺴّﻔﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺭﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻴﺘﺘﻌﺘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺸﺎﻕ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺠﺭﺍﻥ(( ]ﺭﻭﺍﻩ :ﺍﻟﺒﺨـﺎﺭﻱ [.
ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻭﻋﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﻗﺎل :ﺴﻤﻌﺕ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻴﻘﻭل )) :ﺍﻗﺭﺅﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﹼﻪ ﻴـﺄﺘﻲ ﻴـﻭﻡ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻤﺔ ﺸﻔﻴﻌ ﹰﺎ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ((] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻤﺴﻠﻡ[.
.2ﺜﻭﺍﺏ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ :
ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻓﻌﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﻗﺎل :ﻗﺎل ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ
ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ)) :ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺃ ﺤﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺒﻪ ﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﺒﻌﺸﺭ ﺃﻤﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎ ،ﻻ ﺃﻗﻭل ﺃﻟـﻡ ﺤـﺭﻑ
ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺃﻟﻑ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻭﻻﻡ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻭﻤﻴﻡ ﺤﺭﻑ(( ]ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻤﺫﻱ[
ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻀل ﻭﻋﻅﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻓﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﺭ
ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻓﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺠﺭ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﹼﺎ ﺒﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺃ ﻭﺃﺤﺴﻥ
ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻋﻤل ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻴﻌﻅﻡ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺠﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل)) :ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﺤـﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻠـﻪ ﻋـﺸﺭ
ﺃﻤﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎ((] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ[.
.3ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ :
/1ﺍﻹﺨﻼﺹ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﻓﺄﻭل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺭﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺼﺩﺍ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺭﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ،ﻗـﺎل
ﻙ
ﺼّﻼﺓ َﻭ ُﻴ ْﺅﺘﹸﻭ ﹾﺍ ﺍﻟﺯّﻜﺎﺓ َﻭ ﹶﺫﻟِـ َ
ﺤ ﹶﻨﻔﹶﺎﺀ َﻭ ُﻴﻘِﻴﻤُﻭ ﹾﺍ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻥ ُ
ﻥ ﹶﻟ ُﻪ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴ َ
ﺨ ِﻠﺼِﻴ َ
ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰَ :ﻭﻤَﺎ ُﺃ ِﻤﺭُﻭ ﹾﺍ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ِﻟ َﻴ ْﻌ ُﺒﺩُﻭ ﹾﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ َﻪ ُﻤ ﹾ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ّﻴﻤَﺔِ ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ .[5/ﺃﻱ :ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ،ﻭﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﺼـﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻭﺴـﻠﻡ)) :ﺇﻨﻤـﺎ
ﺩِﻴ ُ
ل ﺍﻤﺭﺉ ﻤﺎ ﻨﻭﻯ(( ]ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺴﻠﻡ[.
ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﻨﹼﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻜ ّ
/2ﺍﻟﻁﹼﻬﺎﺭﺓ :ﻓﻼ ﻴﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺤﻑ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻀﻭﺀ ،ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺤﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺭﺃ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻬﺎﺭﺓ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺭﺃ
ﻤﺤﺩﺜ ﹰﺎ ﺠﺎﺯ ﺒﺈﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ.
/3ﻨﻅﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺭﺃ ﻓﻴﻪ :ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺤﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﻑ ،ﻭﻟﻬـﺫﺍ ﺍﺴـﺘﺤﺏ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﺠﺎﻤﻌ ﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻅﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ.
ﻥ
ﻥ ﺍﻟـﺸﹼﻴﻁﺎ ِ
ﺴ ﹶﺘ ِﻌ ﹾﺫ ﺒِﺎﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ ﻤِـ َ
ﻥ ﻓﹶﺎ ْ
ﺕ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺭْﺀﺍ َ
/4ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ :ﻟﻘﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﹶﻓ ِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻗﺭَ ْﺃ ﹶ
ﺍﻟ ﱠّﺭﺠِﻴ ِﻡ ] ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺤل.[98:
ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻗﺎل ﻟﻪ)) :ﻴﺎ ﺃﺒـﺎ
/5ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼّﻭﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ :ﻓﻌﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺒ ّ
ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﺘﻴﺕ ﻤﺯﻤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﻤﻴﺭ ﺁل ﺩﺍﻭﺩ((] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺴﻠﻡ[.
ﻙ
/6ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺩﺒﺭ :ﺃﻱ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻴﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﺴﺭﺍﺭﻩ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻨﺯﻟﻨﺎﻩ ﺇِﹶﻟ ْﻴﻙَ ﻤﺒﺎﺭ ٌ
ﻥ
ﻥ َﻭﹶﻟ ْﻭ ﻜﹶﺎ َ
ﻥ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺭْﺀﺍ َ
ﻼ َﻴ ﹶﺘ َﺩ ﱠﺒﺭُﻭ َ
ﹼﻟ َﻴ ﱠﺩ ﱠﺒﺭُﻭ ﹾﺍ ﺁﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭَﻟِﻴَ ﹶﺘ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜﺭَ ُﺃ ْﻭﻟﹸﻭ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﺏ ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺹ .[29:ﻭﻗﺎل ﻋﺯ ﻭﺠلَ :ﺃ ﹶﻓ ﹶ
ﺠﺩُﻭ ﹾﺍ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎ ﹶﻜﺜِﻴﺭﺍﹰ ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺴﺎﺀ.[82:
ﻏ ْﻴﺭِ ﺍﻟﱠﹼﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻟ َﻭ َ
ﻥ ﻋِﻨ ِﺩ ﹶ
ِﻤ ْ
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
.1ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺠﻭﻴﺩ ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ
.2ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻼﻭﺓ
.3ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻬﻤﺎ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺃﻤﺭﻨﺎ ﺒﺘﻼﻭﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ،ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻫﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤـﺭ
ﺍﻟﺯّﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻭﻀﻌﻭﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼّﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﺭﻓﺕ ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺠﻭﻴﺩ .
.1ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺠﻭﻴﺩ ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ
* ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺠﻭﻴﺩ ﻟﻐﺔ :ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺘﻘﺎﻥ .
ل ﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﺭﺠﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺌﻪ ﺤﻘﻪ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﺤﻘﻪ.
ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺠﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤﹰﺎ :ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﻜ ّ
)ﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ :ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺎﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻔﺎﺭﻗﻪ ﻜﺎﻟﺠﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﹼﺩﺓ (.
)ﻭﻤﺴﺘﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ :ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻀﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﺼﻑ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ،ﻜﺎﻟﹼﺘّﻔﺨﻴﻡ
ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻗﻴﻕ(.
ﻥ
ل ﺍ ﹾﻟﻘﹸـﺭْﺁ َ
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻓﺭﺽ ﻜﻔﺎﻴّﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ :ﻓﺭﺽ ﻋﻴﻥ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ َ :ﻭ َﺭﺘﱢـ ِ
ﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻓﻠﻴﺱ ﻤﻨـﺎ((] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ
ﻲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ)) :ﻤﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻐ ّ
ﻼ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻤل .[ 4ﻭﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺒ ّ
ﹶﺘ ْﺭﺘِﻴ ﹰ
ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ [.
* ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ :ﺼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ.
.2ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻼﻭﺓ :
ﻟﻠﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺏ :ﻫﻲ :
ﺃ -ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﻘﻴﻕ .ﺏ -ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺭ .ﺝ -ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺩﻭﻴﺭ .
ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ :
ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﻘﻴﻕ :ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺒﺎﻁﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺘﺅﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻼﻭﺓ. •
ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺭ :ﻫﻭ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺠﻭﻴﺩ . •
ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺩﻭﻴﺭ :ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺒﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﻘﻴﻕ . •
.3ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻬﻤﺎ :
ﺃ ـ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ :
ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺼﻴﻎ ﺃﺸﻬﺭﻫﺎ :ﺃﻋﻭﺫ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻴﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺭّﺠﻴﻡ.
ـ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ :ﺃﻟﺘﺠﺊ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﺼﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻴﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺭّﺠﻴﻡ .
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱠّﺭﺠِﻴﻡِ((.
ﺸ ْﻴﻁﹶﺎ ِ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱠﹼ
ﺴ ﹶﺘ ِﻌ ﹾﺫ ﺒِﺎﻟّﹼﻠ ِﻪ ِﻤ َ
ﻥ ﻓﹶﺎ ْ
ﺕ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺭْﺁ َ
ـ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ :ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﹶﻓ ِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻗﺭَ ْﺃ ﹶ
]ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺤل [98 /ﺤﻤل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺒﻌﻀﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺏ.
ﺏ ـ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ
* ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅﻬﺎ :ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺍﻟﺭّﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭّﺤﻴﻡ.
* ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ :ﺃﺒﺘﺩﺃ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺍﻟﺭّﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭّﺤﻴﻡ .
ﺝ ـ ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ :
ﺴّﻭﺭﺓ .
ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ :ﺃﻱ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺍﻟ ّ •
ﺴّﻭﺭﺓ .
ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ :ﺃﻱ ﻭﺼل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﻭل ﺍﻟ ّ •
ﺴّﻭﺭﺓ .
ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﻭﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﻭل ﺍﻟ ّ •
ﺴّﻭﺭﺓ .
ﻭﺼل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻗﻁﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺍﻟ ّ •
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﻥ
.1ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﻥ
.2ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﻥ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﻕ ،ﻓﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﹸﻅﻬﺭ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﹸﺨﻔﻰ ،ﻭﺘـﺎﺭﺓ
ﺘﹸﺩﻏﻡ ،ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ.
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﻥ :
.1ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ :
ﺃ /ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴّﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻁﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ.
ﺏ /ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻨﻭﻴﻥ :
ﻼ ﻭﺘﻔﺎﺭﻗﻪ ﺨﻁﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﻔﹰﺎ.
ﻫﻭ ﻨﻭﻥ ﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺯﺍﺌﺩﺓ ﺘﻠﺤﻕ ﺃﻭﺍﺨﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻔﻅ ﹰﺎ ﻭﻭﺼ ﹰ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﻥ :
.2ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻨﻭﻴﻥ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ :ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ ،ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ،ﺍﻻﻗﻼﺏ ﺍﻹﺨﻔﺎﺀ .
ﻟﻠﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺃ /ﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ :
* ﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻟﻐﺔ :ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ .
ل ﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﺭﺠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻏﻨﹼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻅﻬﺭ .ﻭﺤﺭﻭﻓـﻪ
* ﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤ ﹰﺎ :ﻫﻭ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﻜ ّ
ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺌل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ .ﺃﺨﻲ ﻫﺎﻙ ﻋﻠﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺤﺎﺯﻩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺨﺎﺴ ِﺭ ]ﺃ-ﻫـ-ﻉ-ﺡ-ﻍ-ﺥ[ .ﻭﻴـﺴﻤﻰ ﻫـﺫﺍ
ﻥ ﺤﺭﻭﻓﻪ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻕ.
ﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺤﻠﻘﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻷ ّ
ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻨﻭﻴﻥ ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ
ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺭّﻗﻡ
ﺙ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ .
ﻋﻔ ٌﻭ ﻏﻔﻭﺭ -ﺤﺩﻴ ٍ ل -ﻓﺴﻴﻨﹾﻐﻀﻭﻥ
ﻥﻏٍ
ﻤْ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﻥ 5
ﺏ /ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ
* ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ :ﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎل .
* ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤ ﹰﺎ :ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺤﺭﻑ ﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﺒﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﻴﺭﺍﻥ ﺤﺭﻓ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﺸﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻨﺱ
ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻨﻲ.
* ﺤﺭﻭﻓﻪ :ﺴﺘﺔ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻴﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻅ ﻴﺭﻤﻠﻭﻥ .
* ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻤﻪ :ﻴﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ :
ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺒﻐﻨﹼﺔ :ﻭﺤﺭﻭﻓﻪ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻴﻨﻤﻭ.
ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻏﻨﺔ :ﻭﺤﺭﻭﻓﻪ ﺍﺜﻨﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﺀ.
ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺒﻐﻨﺔ :
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ
.1ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
.2ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ
.3ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺩﺩﺘﻴﻥ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﻕ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ،ﻭﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺨﻔﻰ ،ﻭﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺩﻏﻡ،
ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺘﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ.
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ
.1ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ .
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
.2ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﻲ :ﺍﻹﺨﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻔﻭﻱ ،ﻭﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻤﺜﻠﻴﻥ ﺼﻐﻴﺭ،
ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻭﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻔﻭﻱ.
ﺃ /ﺍﻹﺨﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻔﻭﻱ :
* ﺤﺭﻓﻪ :ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ )ﺏ(
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺘﺨﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﺼﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﹼﺔ )ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺤﺭﻜﺘﻴﻥ( ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ
* ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺍﻹﺨﻔﺎﺀ ﺇﺨﻔﺎ ًﺀ ﺸﻔﻭﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻔﺘﻴﻥ .
ﻥ ﺭﺒﻬ ْﻡ ﺒﻬ ْﻡ ﻴﻭﻤﺌـ ٍﺫ
* ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ) :ﺘﺭﻤﻴﻬ ْﻡ ﺒﺤِﺠﺎﺭ ٍﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺠﻴل( ) ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻜﻨﺘ ْﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺘﻜﺫﺒﻭﻥ( ) ﺇ ّ
ﻟﺨﹶﺒﻴﺭ( .
ﺏ /ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻔﻭﻱ
* ﺤﺭﻓﻪ :ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﹼﺘـﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻬـﺎ،
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺠﺏ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
* ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻌﺕ ﻤﻴﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺼﻴﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﻴﻤ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺸﺩﺩﺓ .ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ )ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻤﺜﻠﻴﻥ ﺼﻐﻴﺭ( ﻭﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﺒﻜﺎﻤـل ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّـﺸﺩﻴﺩ
ﻭﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺔ .
ل ﺃﻤﺭ( ) ﺃﻻ ﻴﻅﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ ﺃﻨﻬ ْﻡ ﻤﺒﻌﻭﺜﻭﻥ(
* ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ) :ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺭﺒﻬ ْﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻜ ّ
ﺝ /ﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻔﻭﻱ
ل ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺎﺀ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ )ﻡ -ﺏ ( .
* ﺤﺭﻭﻓﻪ :ﻜ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺎﺀ )ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ( ﻭﺠـﺏ ﺇﻅﻬـﺎﺭ
* ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺸﻔﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻔﺘﻴﻥ .
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
* ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ :ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺫﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺨﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻨﹼﻬﻤﺎ ﺤﺭﻓﺎ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ.
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻔﻭﻱ :
ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ
ﻓﺭﺍﻍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ْﻡ ﻀﺭﺒﹰﺎ ﺽ ﺃﻴّﻜ ْﻡ ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﺃ
ﻟﻜ ْﻡ ﻁﺎﻟﻭﺕ ﻁ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻜﻨﺘ ْﻡ ﺘﺩﺭﺴﻭﻥ ﺕ
ﻭﻫ ْﻡ ﻅﺎﻟﻤﻭﻥ ﻅ ﺃﻤْﺜﺎﻟﻜﻡ ﺙ
ﻭﻴﻨﺼﺭﻜ ْﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﻉ ﻟﻬ ْﻡ ﺠﻨﺎﺕ ﺝ
ﻓﺈﻨﻜ ْﻡ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻭﻥ ﻍ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﻭﺍﻟﻬ ْﻡ ﺤﻕ ﺡ
ﻟﻬ ْﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻑ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ ﻫ ْﻡ ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺥ
ﺒﺄﻨﻬ ْﻡ ﻗﻭﻡ ﻕ ﻭﺃﻨﺘ ْﻡ ﺩﺍﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﺩ
ﻤﺎﻟﻜ ْﻡ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﺤﻜﻤﻭﻥ ﻙ ﺭﺒﻜ ْﻡ ﺫﻭ ﺭﺤﻤﺔ ﺫ
ﺃ ْﻡ ﻟﻜﻡ ل ﻟﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀﻜ ْﻡ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺭ
ﺇﻟﻴﻜ ْﻡ ﻨﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻥ ﻤﻨﻬ ْﻡ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ ﺯ
ﺃﺨﺎﻫ ْﻡ ﻫﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻫـ ﻭﺒﻨﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻭﻗﻜ ْﻡ ﺴﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﺱ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻭﺒﻬ ْﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭ ﻜﻨﺘ ْﻡ ﺸﻬﺩﺍﺀ ﺵ
ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺭﺯﻗﻨﺎﻫ ْﻡ ﻴﻨﻔﻘﻭﻥ ﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ْﻡ ﺼﻠﻭﺍﺕ ﺹ
.3ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺩﺩﺘﻴﻥ
ل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻏﻨﹼﺔ ﻤﺸﺩﺩﹰﺍ.
ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻏﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺩﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺤﺭﻜﺘﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﻜ ّ
* ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﹼﺔ :ﺍﻟﻐﻨﹼﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ :ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻨﻡ .
ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤﹰﺎ :ﻫﻭ ﺼﻭﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺭﻨﻴﻥ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺸﻭﻡ .
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ :ﺤﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ .ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺒﺽ ﺍﻷﺼﺒﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺴﻁﻪ .
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺩﺩﺘﻴﻥ:
ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺩﺩﺓ
ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﹼﺔ ﻟﻤّﺎ ﻥ
ﺇّ
= ﺜ ّﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﹼﺔ
= ﻋ ّﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺎﺱ
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﻥ
.1ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﻥ
.2ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﻁﻕ ﺒﺂﻴﺎﺘﻪ ،ﻭﻴﻔـﺴﺢ ﻟﻠﻘـﺎﺭﺉ
ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺍﺭ.
.1ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩ :
* ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﻫﻭ :ﺇﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼّﻭﺕ ﺒﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻼﻗﺎﺓ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ.
.2ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ :
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺴﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻑ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻫﻲ :ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻭ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ .ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﻨﹸﻭﺤِﻴﻬَﺎ (( ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺤـﺭﻭﻑ
ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ.
.3ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ
ﻴﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺇﻟﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ :ﺃﺼﻠﻲ .ﻭﻓﺭﻋﻲ . •
ﺃ /ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ :
ﺴّﻜﻭﻥ.
ﻻ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺇ ﹼ
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﺤﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻭﻨﻘﺼﻪ ﺤﺭﺍﻡ .
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :ﻗﺎل -ﻜﺎﻥ -ﺠﻨﺎﺕ -ﻗﻴل -ﻴﻘﻭل -ﺍﻟﻐﻔﻭﺭ -ﻋﺯﻴﺯ -ﻜﺜﻴﺭ.
* ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺤﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﹼﺒﻴﻌﻲ :
ﺼّﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼّﻐﺭﻯ :ﻫﻭ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﻫﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀّﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺌﺏ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ
- 1ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯﺓ ﻋﻨﺩﺌﺫ ﻨﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﻨﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻜﺴﻭﺭﺓ.
ﺴّﻤﻭﺍﺕ (( )) -ﻓﺘﻬﺠﺩ ﺒ ِﻪ ﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻟﻙ (( )) -ﺇﻨﹼﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒ ِﻪ ﺒﺼﻴﺭﹰﺍ(( -
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ )) - :ﻟﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّ
)) ﺇﻨﹼﻪ ﻟﻘﻭل ﺭﺴﻭل ﻜﺭﻴﻡ (( )) -ﻭ ﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠ ِﻪ ﻟﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀّﺎﻟﻴﻥ (( )) -ﺇﻨﹼﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺭّﺤﻴﻡ ((.
ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺤﻔﺹ ﻭﻫﻲ :ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﻭﺇﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﺭﻭﺍ ﻴﺭﻀ ُﻪ
ﻟﻜﻡ (( .ﻓﻘﺩ ﻀﻡ ﻫﺎﺀ ﻴﺭﻀﻪ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺼﻠﺔ .ﻭﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ ﺃﺭﺠ ْﻪ ﻭﺃﺨﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺒﻌـﺙ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﺍﺌﻥ
ﺤﺎﺸﺭﻴﻥ(( .ﻓﻘﺩ ﺴﻜﻥ ﻫﺎﺀ ﺃﺭﺠﻪ .ﻭ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﺍﺫﻫﺏ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﺄﻟﻘ ْﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻡ (( .ﻓﻘﺩ ﺴﻜﻥ ﻫﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﻟﻘﻪ
.ﻭ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﻭﻴﺨﻠﺩ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻤﻬﺎﻨﺎ (( ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻔﻅ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﻭ ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ.
* ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺼّﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼّﻐﺭﻯ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ.
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﺤﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ .
- 2ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺽ :ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﻟﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﺽ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻨﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻭﺏ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻑ.
* ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺴﻤﻴّﺔ :ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻑ ﻋﻭﺽ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻨﻭﻴﻥ .
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ )) - :ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺤﻜﻴﻤﹰﺎ (( )) - .ﺃﻟﻡ ﻨﺠﻌل ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻤﻬﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﺒـﺎل ﺃﻭﺘـﺎﺩﹰﺍ
ﻭﺨﻠﻘﻨﺎﻜﻡ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺠ ﹰﺎ (( )) - .ﻓﺄﺼﺒﺤﺘﻡ ﺒﻨﻌﻤﺘﻪ ﺇﺨﻭﺍﻨ ﹰﺎ ((.
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ .ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﺤﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ .
- 3ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻤﻜﻴﻥ :ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺎﺀﺍﻥ ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﺸﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻜﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺜﺎﻨﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺩ .
* ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘﺴﻤﻴّﺔ :ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﺩﺓ ﺘﺨﺭﺠﻪ ﻤﺘﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ .
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :
))ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﻴّﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﺘﺤﻴّﺔ ﻓﺤﻴﻭﺍ ﺒﺄﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻭﻫﺎ(( ))ﻭﻴﻘﺘﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺒﻴّﻴﻥ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ(( ))ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻭﺤﻴـﺕ ﺇﻟـﻰ
ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻴّﻴﻥ(( )).ﻜﻼ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺒﺭﺍﺭ ﻟﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻴّﻴﻥ((
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ .
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﺤﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ .
ﺴّﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺤﺎ -ﻴﺎ -ﻁﺎ -ﻫﺎ -
- 4ﻤﺩ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺤﻲ ﻁﻬﺭ :ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺭﺍ .
ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﺤﻡ(()) ،ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ(( ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﻜﻬـﻴﻌﺹ(( ،ﻭ))ﺍﻟﻁﹼـﺎﺀ
ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎﺀ(( ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﻁﻪ(( ،ﻭ))ﺍﻟﺭّﺍﺀ(( ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﺃﻟﺭ (( .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ .
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﺤﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ.
ﺏ /ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻲ :
ﺴّﻜﻭﻥ .
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺯّﺍﺌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ :ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯ .ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
ﺃﻭﻻ -ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯ :
ﻭﻴﺸﻤل ) ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼل -ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼل -ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩل -ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺼّﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ( .
- 1ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼل ))ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ(( :ﻭﻫﻭ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ.
ﻼ ﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯﺓ ﻭﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ .
ﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﻤﺘﺼ ﹰ
ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ )) :ﺴﻤﺎﺀ -ﺒﻨﺎﺀ -ﻤﺎﺀ -ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ -ﺸﺎﺀ -ﺴﻭﺀ -ﺴﻴﺌﺕ(( .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﻴﻤﺩ ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺭﺵ .
- 2ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼل :ﻫﻭ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘـﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻬـﺎ .
ﻼ ﻻﻨﻔﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ .
ﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﻤﻨﻔﺼ ﹰ
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :ﻴﺎ ﺃﻴﻬﺎ -ﺇﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﺯﻟﻨﺎﻩ -ﺇﻨﻲ ﺃﺨﺎﻑ -ﻗﻭﺍ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻜﻡ -ﺘﻭﺒﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻭﻴﻤﺩ ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺭﺵ .
- 3ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩل :ﻫﻭ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯﺓ ﻗﺒل ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ .
* ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺴﻤﻴّﺔ :ﻫﻭ ﺇﺒﺩﺍل ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ .
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺩﻩ :ﺤﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﻭﺴﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺭﺵ .
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :
ﺃﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ
ﺃﺃﺩﻡ ﺁﺩﻡ
ﺃﺃﺯﺭ ﺁﺯﺭ
ﺇﺌﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ
ﺍﻷﺅﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ
ﺼّﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ :ﻫﻭ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﻫﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺌﺏ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺯﺓ ﻗﻁﻊ .
- 4ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟ ّ
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺭﺵ ﻭﺤﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ .
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :ﻋﻨﺩﻩ ﺇﻻ -ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺇﻻ -ﻓﻼ ﻜﺎﺸﻑ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻭ -ﻗﺎل ﻟﻪ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺤﺎﻭﺭﻩ
ﺃﻜﻔﺭﺕ -ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﻤﺭﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺸﻴﺌ ﹰﺎ.
ﺴّﻜﻭﻥ :
ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ -ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻭﻴﺸﻤل :ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻭﻥ .ﻭﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻴﻥ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺎﺯﻡ
.1ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻭﻥ :ﻭﻫﻭ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻑ.
ﺴّﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻑ .
ﻭﺴﻤﻲ ﻋﺎﺭﻀ ﹰﺎ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟ ّ
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺍﻟﺭّﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭّﺤﻴﻡ -ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ -ﺍﻟﺭّﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭّﺤﻴﻡ -ﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﻴـﻭﻡ
ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻥ .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﹼﻭل ﺃﻱ ﺤﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ.
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋـﺎﺭﺽ
.2ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻴﻥ :ﻫﻭ ﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻷﺠل ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻑ ،ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :ﺒﻴﺕ ،ﻭﺨﻭﻑ .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﺠﺎﺌﺯ
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﻴﻤﺩ ﺤﺭﻜﺘﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ .
ﻼ ﻭﻭﻗﻔ ﹰﺎ.
.3ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺎﺯﻡ :ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭﺼ ﹰ
* ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻤﻪ :ﻴﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺎﺯﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ :ﻜﻠﻤﻲ ،ﻭﺤﺭﻓﻲ .
* ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺴﻤﻴّﺔ :
- 1ﻟﻠﺯﻭﻡ ﻤﺩﻩ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺭّﺍﺀ
ﻼ
ل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻭﻗﻔ ﹰﺎ ﻭﻭﺼ ﹰ
ﺴّﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻜ ّ
- 2ﻟﻠﺯﻭﻡ ﺍﻟ ّ
- 3ﻟﻠﺯﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺩﻩ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ .
ﺃ -ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻲ :
ﻭﻴﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ :ﻜﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺜﻘل .ﻭﻜﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺨﻔﻑ.
- 1ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘل :ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﺸﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻤـﺔ ﺃﻤﺜﻠـﺔ :
ﺍﻟﻀّﺎﻟﹼﻴﻥ -ﺍﻟﺼّﺎﺨﹼﺔ -ﺩﺍﺒّﺔ -ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻗﹼﺔ -ﺍﻟﻁﹼﺎﻤّﺔ -ﺘﺄﻤﺭﻭﻨﹼﻲ -ﺃﺘﺤﺎﺠّﻭﻨﹼﻲ .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ .
.2ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻑ :ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤـﺸﺩﺩ ﻓـﻲ
ﻜﻠﻤﺔ .
* ﻤﺜﺎل :ﺁﻟﹾﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ .
ﺏ -ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻓﻲ :ﻭﻴﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ :ﻤﺜﻘل ،ﻭﻤﺨﻔﻑ.
ﺴّﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﺘـﻲ
.1ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘل :ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺌل ﻓﻭﺍﺘﺢ ﺍﻟـ ّ
ﻫﺠﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺤﺭﻑ ﺃﻭﺴﻁﻬﺎ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﺩ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻫﺎ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﻤﺩﻏﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ .
* ﺤﺭﻭﻓﻪ :ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻔﻅ " ﻨﻘﺹ ﻋﺴﻠﻜﻡ " .
* ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :ﺃﻟﻡ -ﻁﺴﻡ -ﺃﻟﻤﺭ -ﻜﻬﻴﻌﺹ .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺍﺠﺏ
* ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ :ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ .
.2ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻑ :ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺤﺭﻑ ﺃﻭﺴـﻁﻬﺎ ﺤـﺭﻑ
ﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺩﻏﻡ ﻤﺜل :ﺹ ﺼﺎﺩ -ﻥ ﻨﻭﻥ -ﻕ ﻗﺎﻑ -ﻙ ﻜﺎﻑ -ﻡ ﻤﻴﻡ -ل ﻻﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻬﻴﻌﺹ -ﺤﻡ
ﻋﺴﻕ -ﻴﺱ -ﺤﻡ -ﺍﻟ ّﺭ .
* ﺤﻜﻤﻪ :ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻤﺩﻩ ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ .
ﺴّﻭﺭ :
.3ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻭﺍﺘﺢ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺤﺭﻓ ﹰﺎ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ) ﻁﺭﻕ ﺴﻤﻌﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺼﻴﺤﺔ (:
.1ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل :ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻤﺩ ﻤﻁﻠﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻤﺜل “ ﺍﻷﻟﻑ “.
.2ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻨﻲ :ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﺩ ﻤﺩﹰﺍ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺤﺭﻜﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ " ﺤﻲ ﻁﻬﺭ "
ﺙ :ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﺩ ﺴﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻤﺩﹰﺍ ﻻﺯﻤ ﹰﺎ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﻟﻬﻡ "ﻨﻘﺹ ﻋﺴﻠﻜﻡ"
.3ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎﻟ ﹼ
ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ :
.1ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ؟
.2ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ؟
ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ :
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺴﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ّ
.1ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻫﻲ :ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻭ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ .ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ )) :ﻨﹸﻭﺤِﻴﻬَﺎ(( ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ
ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻑ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻫﻲ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ.
.2ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ :ﻴﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺇﻟﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ :ﺃﺼﻠﻲ .ﻭﻓﺭﻋﻲ .
ﺴّﻜﻭﻥ.
ﻻ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ :ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺇ ﹼ
ﺴّﻜﻭﻥ.
ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻲ :ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺯّﺍﺌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ :ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺯ .ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﻠﻴل
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ﻟﻘﺩ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ ،ﻭﺃﻭﺩﻉ ﻓﻴﻬﻡ ﺃﺴﺭﺍﺭﻩ ،ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺼﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺭ ،ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ،ﻟﻪ ﻓﻁﺭﺓ ﻨﻘﻴﺔ ،ﻤﻘﺒﻠﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺎﻤﺔ ،ﻨﺎﺒﺫﺓ ﻟﻺﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ،ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩﻩ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﻠﻴل
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻜﺭﺭ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ،ﻭﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺒﻁﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺩ ،ﻭﻤﻥ
ﺜﻡ ﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺫﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺩﻴﺩ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ،ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩﻩ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :
ﺴ ﹾﻠ ﹸﺘ ْﻡ ِﺒ ِﻪ ﻜﹶﺎ ِﻓﺭُﻭﻥَ() .ﺴـﺒﺄ(34:
ﻥ ﹶﻨﺫِﻴ ٍﺭ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻗﹶﺎ َل ُﻤ ﹾﺘ َﺭﻓﹸﻭﻫَﺎ ِﺇﻨﱠﺎ ِﺒﻤَﺎ ُﺃ ْﺭ ِ
ﺴ ﹾﻠﻨﹶﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﻗ ْﺭﻴَﺔٍ ِﻤ ْ
* ) َﻭﻤَﺎ َﺃ ْﺭ َ
ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ُﺃﻤﱠـ ٍﺔ
ﺠ ْﺩﻨﹶﺎ ﺁﺒَﺎ َﺀﻨﹶﺎ َ
ﻥ ﹶﻨﺫِﻴ ٍﺭ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻗﹶﺎ َل ُﻤ ﹾﺘ َﺭﻓﹸﻭﻫَﺎ ِﺇﻨﱠﺎ َﻭ َ
ﻥ ﹶﻗ ْﺒﻠِﻙَ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﻗ ْﺭﻴَﺔٍ ِﻤ ْ
ﺴ ﹾﻠﻨﹶﺎ ِﻤ ْ
* )ﻭَ ﹶﻜ ﹶﺫﻟِﻙَ ﻤَﺎ َﺃ ْﺭ َ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻑ(23:
ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺁﺜﹶﺎ ِﺭ ِﻫ ْﻡ ُﻤ ﹾﻘ ﹶﺘﺩُﻭ َ
َﻭِﺇﻨﱠﺎ َ
ﻋ ﹶﻠ ْﻴﻬَﺎ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ْﻭ ُل ﹶﻓﺩَ ﱠﻤ ْﺭﻨﹶﺎﻫَﺎ ﺘﹶـ ْﺩﻤِﻴﺭﹰﺍ(
ﻕ َ
ﺤ ﱠ
ﻙ ﹶﻗ ْﺭﻴَﺔﹰ َﺃ َﻤ ْﺭﻨﹶﺎ ُﻤ ﹾﺘ َﺭﻓِﻴﻬَﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻔﺴَﻘﹸﻭﺍ ﻓِﻴﻬَﺎ ﹶﻓ َ
ﻥ ﹸﻨ ْﻬِﻠ َ
* ) َﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ َﺃ َﺭ ْﺩﻨﹶﺎ َﺃ ْ
)ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺀ(16:
ﺤﻤُﻭ ٍﻡ ﻻ ﺒَﺎ ِﺭ ٍﺩ ﻭَﻻ ﹶﻜﺭِﻴ ٍﻡ ِﺇ ﱠﻨ ُﻬ ْﻡ
ﻥ َﻴ ْ
ﻅ ﱟل ِﻤ ْ
ﺤﻤِﻴ ٍﻡ َﻭ ِ
ﺴﻤُﻭ ٍﻡ َﻭ َ
ﺸﻤَﺎ ِل ﻓِﻲ َ
ﺏ ﺍﻟ ﱢ
ﺼﺤَﺎ ُ
ﺸﻤَﺎ ِل ﻤَﺎ َﺃ ْ
ﺏ ﺍﻟ ﱢ
ﺼﺤَﺎ ُ
* ) َﻭَﺃ ْ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ( 45 – 41:
ﻜﹶﺎﻨﹸﻭﺍ ﹶﻗ ْﺒ َل ﹶﺫﻟِﻙَ ُﻤ ﹾﺘ َﺭﻓِﻴ َ
ﺴﻭﺍ َﺒ ْﺄﺴَـﻨﹶﺎ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻫُـ ْﻡ
ﺤﱡ
ﻥ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻤﱠﺎ َﺃ َ
ﺨﺭِﻴ َ
ﺸ ْﺄﻨﹶﺎ َﺒ ْﻌ َﺩﻫَﺎ ﹶﻗﻭْﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺁ ﹶ
ﺕ ﻅﹶﺎِﻟ َﻤ ﹰﺔ َﻭَﺃ ﹾﻨ ﹶ
ﻥ ﹶﻗ ْﺭﻴَﺔٍ ﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﻨ ﹾ
ﺼ ْﻤﻨﹶﺎ ِﻤ ْ
* ) َﻭ ﹶﻜ ْﻡ ﹶﻗ َ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻻﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ.(13 – 11
ﺴ َﺄﻟﹸﻭ َ
ﺠﻌُﻭﺍ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﻤَﺎ ُﺃ ﹾﺘ ِﺭ ﹾﻓ ﹸﺘ ْﻡ ﻓِﻴﻪ َﻭ َﻤﺴَﺎ ِﻜ ِﻨ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﹶﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﹸﺘ ْ
ﻥ ﻻ ﹶﺘ ْﺭ ﹸﻜﻀُﻭﺍ ﻭَﺍ ْﺭ ِ
ِﻤ ﹾﻨﻬَﺎ َﻴ ْﺭ ﹸﻜﻀُﻭ َ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـ ُﻪ
ﺴَ
ﻥ ﹶﻜﻤَﺎ َﺃﺤْـ َ
ﺴْ
ﺤ ِ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺩ ﹾﻨﻴَﺎ َﻭَﺃ ْ
ﻙ ِﻤ َ
ﻙ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﱠﺍ َﺭ ﺍﻟﹾﺂﺨِﺭَ ﹶﺓ ﻭَﻻ ﹶﺘ ﹾﻨﺱَ ﹶﻨﺼِﻴ َﺒ َ
* )ﻭَﺍ ْﺒ ﹶﺘﻎِ ﻓِﻴﻤَﺎ ﺁﺘﹶﺎ َ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺹ(77:
ﺴﺩِﻴ َ
ﺤﺏﱡ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ُﻤ ﹾﻔ ِ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ ﻻ ُﻴ ِ
ﺽ ِﺇ ﱠ
ﺇِ ﹶﻟ ْﻴﻙَ ﻭَﻻ ﹶﺘ ْﺒﻎِ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺴَﺎ َﺩ ﻓِﻲ ﺍ ﹾﻟَﺄ ْﺭ ِ
ﺤﺴَﻥَ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ ﺇِﹶﻟ ْﻴﻙَ
ﻥ ﹶﻜﻤَﺎ َﺃ ْ
ﺴْ
ﺤ ِ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺩ ﹾﻨﻴَﺎ َﻭَﺃ ْ
ﻙ ِﻤ َ
ﻙ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﱠﺍ َﺭ ﺍﻟﹾﺂﺨِﺭَ ﹶﺓ ﻭَﻻ ﹶﺘ ﹾﻨﺱَ ﹶﻨﺼِﻴ َﺒ َ
* )ﻭَﺍ ْﺒ ﹶﺘﻎِ ﻓِﻴﻤَﺎ ﺁﺘﹶﺎ َ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺹ(77:
ﺴﺩِﻴ َ
ﺤﺏﱡ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ُﻤ ﹾﻔ ِ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ ﻻ ُﻴ ِ
ﺽ ِﺇ ﱠ
ﻭَﻻ ﹶﺘ ْﺒﻎِ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺴَﺎ َﺩ ﻓِﻲ ﺍ ﹾﻟَﺄ ْﺭ ِ
ﺏ َﺃﻟِﻴ ٍﻡ )َ (34ﻴ ْﻭ َﻡ
ﺸ ْﺭ ُﻫ ْﻡ ِﺒ َﻌﺫﹶﺍ ٍ
ﺴﺒِﻴ ِل ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ َﺒ ﱢ
ﻀ ﹶﺔ ﻭَﻻ ُﻴ ﹾﻨ ِﻔﻘﹸﻭ ﹶﻨﻬَﺎ ﻓِﻲ َ
ﺏ ﻭَﺍ ﹾﻟﻔِ ﱠ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺫ َﻫ َ
ﻥ َﻴ ﹾﻜ ِﻨﺯُﻭ َ
* )ﻭَﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﺴ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﹶﻓﺫﹸﻭﻗﹸﻭﺍ ﻤَـﺎ
ﻅﻬُﻭ ُﺭ ُﻫ ْﻡ َﻫﺫﹶﺍ ﻤَﺎ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻨ ْﺯ ﹸﺘ ْﻡ ﻻ ﹾﻨ ﹸﻔ ِ
ﺠﻨﹸﻭ ُﺒ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﻭ ﹸ
ﺠﺒَﺎ ُﻫ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﻭ ُ
ﺠ َﻬ ﱠﻨ َﻡ ﹶﻓ ﹸﺘ ﹾﻜﻭَﻯ ِﺒﻬَﺎ ِ
ﻋ ﹶﻠ ْﻴﻬَﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﻨﹶﺎ ِﺭ َ
ﺤﻤَﻰ َ
ُﻴ ْ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺒﺔ(35:
ﹸﻜ ﹾﻨ ﹸﺘ ْﻡ ﹶﺘ ﹾﻜ ِﻨﺯُﻭ َ
ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
ﺸﺭﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ
ﻤﺘﻨﻌّﻤﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﺭﻓﻭﻫﺎ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻤﺔ
ﺭﻴﺢ ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻤﻭﻡ
ﻤﺎﺀ ﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﻤﻴﻡ
ﺴّﻭﺍﺩ
ﺩﺨﺎﻥ ﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟ ّ ﻴﺤﻤﻭﻡ
ﻜﻡ ﺃﻫﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﻜﻡ ﻗﺼﻤﻨﺎ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺤﻠﻴل
* ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻴﻥ :ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻭﻥ ﺍﹼﻟﺫﹼﻴﻥ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻭﺼﻔﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﺄﻨﹼﻬﻡ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺩّﻤﺎﺭ
ﻫﻡ ﺍﹼﻟّﺫﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﻐﺎﻫﻡ ﻭﺃﻓﺴﺩﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎل ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺤﻭﻟﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻴﺘﺴﻠﻁﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ّﺭّﻗﺎﺏ ﻭﻴﻨـﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﺒﻬـﺎ
ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﻴﺤﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﻭﻴﺭﻓﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘّﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟّﹼﺘّﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﺴﻥ ﻭﻴﺒﺎﻟﻐﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟـ ّﺭّﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ
ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻐﺎﻟﻁﹼﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺭﺃﻱ ﻋﺎ ّﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻐﺎﻟﻁﹼﺔ ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩﻫﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﻭﺫﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ
ﺒﻐﻴﺭﺤﻕ .
ﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺼﻔﻬﻡ ﺒﺄﻨﹼﻬﻡ
* ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻴﻥ :ﺇ ّ
ﻲ ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻤـﻭﺍﻟﻬﻡ
ﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺴ ّ
ل ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ّ
ﻲ ﻭﺭﺴﻭل ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻗﻠﻭﻥ ﻟﻜ ّ
ل ﻨﺒ ّ
ﺃﻋﺩﺍ ٌﺀ ﻟﻜ ّ
ل ﻤﻥ ﻴﺴﻜﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻫﻡ ﻭ ﻴﻌﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟـﺩّﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻬـﻼﻙ ،ﻟﻬـﺫﺍ
ﻭﺃﻋﻭﺍﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺠﺎﻫﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﻜ ّ
ﻥ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻴﻭﺠّﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﺎﺌـﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴـﻊ
ﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﻨﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﻷ ّ
ﻭﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﻜﺘﻨﺎﺯ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺠﺩ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ ﻟﺫﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻭﺠﺩﻭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺤﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒـ ّﺭ
ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺠﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺯ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﻡ ﻭﺠﺩﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻓل ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻬﻤل ﺃﺤﺩﺍ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺤﺘﻘـﺭ
ﺃﺤﺩﺍ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺠﺩﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭّﺒﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺨﻭﺍﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻥ ﻴﻌﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﻭﺍﻟﻬﻡ.
* ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩّﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ :ﻟﻤّﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻻﻴﻭﻟﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺠﻡ ﻋﻥ
ﻁّﻔﻴﻠﻴّﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻘـﺎﺏ
ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺜﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﹼﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻭﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﹼﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﹼ
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻨﻴﺎ ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺍ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻌﻤﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﻓﻬﻡ ﻭﺒﺎﻻ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﻓﻴﺒﺩﺩ ﺜﺭﻭﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻴﺩﻤّﺭ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻨﻬﻡ
ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻨﺒﺄﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴّﺔ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭﺓ ﻟﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ
ﻋﺫﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻨﻴﺎ ﺃﻤّﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ ﻓﻤﺼﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺭ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﻓﺕ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺭﺍﺏ ﻭﻓﺴﺎﺩ.
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ
/ 1ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﻴﻔﺴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻨﻌّﻡ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ
ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻭﻕ.
ل
/ 2ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ ﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭل ﻻﻴﻌﺭﻓﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺴﻭﻯ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺒﻜـ ّ
ﺍﻟﻁﹼﺭﻕ .
ﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻔﻜﹼﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎ
/ 3ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺭﻑ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻷ ّ
ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ .
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﻠﻴل
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻻ ﺸﺎﻤﻼ ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺎ ،ﻓﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺄﺓ ،ﻭﻟـﻡ
ﻴﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺘﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻴﺠﻬل ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻩ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻌﻤﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ،ﻭﻜﻴـﻑ
ﻴﻌﻤﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒل ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺵ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻪ ،ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻘﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻭﻋﻘﺎﺏ .ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :
ﻙ ﺴَـﻤِﻴ ُﻊ ﺍﻟـ ﱡﺩﻋَﺎ ِﺀ( )ﺁل
ﻁ ﱢﻴﺒَـ ﹰﺔ ِﺇﻨﱠـ َ
ﻥ ﹶﻟ ُﺩ ﹾﻨﻙَ ﹸﺫ ﱢﺭ ﱠﻴ ﹰﺔ ﹶ
ﺏ ﻟِﻲ ِﻤ ْ
ﺏ َﻫ ْ
ﻙ َﺩﻋَﺎ َﺯ ﹶﻜ ِﺭﻴﱠﺎ َﺭﺒﱠ ُﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ َل َﺭ ﱢ
* ) ُﻫﻨﹶﺎ ِﻟ َ
ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ(38:
ﻥ
ﺤﻔﹶـ َﺩ ﹰﺓ َﻭ َﺭ َﺯ ﹶﻗﻜﹸـ ْﻡ ﻤِـ َ
ﻥ َﻭ َ
ﺠ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ َﺒﻨِـﻴ َ
ﻥ َﺃ ْﺯﻭَﺍ ِ
ﺴ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ َﺃ ْﺯﻭَﺍﺠﺎﹰ ﻭَﺠَﻌَ َل ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ِﻤ ْ
ﻥ َﺃ ﹾﻨ ﹸﻔ ِ
* )ﻭَﺍﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ ﺠَﻌَ َل ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ِﻤ ْ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻟﻨﺤل( 72:
ﺕ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ُﻫ ْﻡ َﻴ ﹾﻜ ﹸﻔﺭُﻭ َ
ﻥ َﻭ ِﺒ ِﻨ ْﻌ َﻤ ِ
ﺕ َﺃ ﹶﻓﺒِﺎ ﹾﻟﺒَﺎﻁِلِ ُﻴ ْﺅ ِﻤﻨﹸﻭ َ
ﻁ ﱢﻴﺒَﺎ ِ
ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﺸ ْﻴﺒَﺔﹰ
ﻀﻌْﻔﹰﺎ ﻭَ ﹶ
ﻥ َﺒ ْﻌ ِﺩ ﹸﻗ ﱠﻭ ٍﺓ َ
ﻑ ﹸﻗ ﱠﻭ ﹰﺓ ﹸﺜﻡﱠ ﺠَﻌَ َل ِﻤ ْ
ﻀ ْﻌ ٍ
ﻥ َﺒ ْﻌ ِﺩ َ
ﻑ ﹸﺜﻡﱠ ﺠَﻌَ َل ِﻤ ْ
ﻀ ْﻌ ٍ
ﻥ َ
ﺨ ﹶﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ِﻤ ْ
* )ﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻱ ﹶ
ﻕ ﻤَﺎ َﻴﺸﹶﺎ ُﺀ َﻭ ُﻫ َﻭ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َﻌﻠِﻴ ُﻡ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﺩِﻴ ُﺭ( )ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻡ( 54:
ﺨﹸﻠ ﹸ
َﻴ ﹾ
ﻥ ِﺭ ْﺯﻗِـ ِﻪ َﻭِﺇ ﹶﻟﻴْـ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱡـﺸﹸﻭ ُﺭ(
ﺽ ﹶﺫﻟﹸﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻓﹶﺎ ْﻤﺸﹸﻭﺍ ﻓِﻲ َﻤﻨﹶﺎ ِﻜ ِﺒﻬَﺎ َﻭ ﹸﻜﻠﹸﻭﺍ ِﻤ ْ
* ) ُﻫ َﻭ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻱ ﺠَﻌَ َل ﹶﻟﻜﹸ ُﻡ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َﺄ ْﺭ َ
)ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ(15:
ﻥ( )ﺍﻻﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ(35:
ﺠﻌُﻭ َ
ﺨ ْﻴ ِﺭ ﻓِ ﹾﺘ ﹶﻨﺔﹰ َﻭِﺇ ﹶﻟ ْﻴﻨﹶﺎ ﹸﺘ ْﺭ َ
ﺸ ﱢﺭ ﻭَﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶ
ﺕ َﻭ ﹶﻨ ْﺒﻠﹸﻭ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﺒِﺎﻟ ﱠ
* ) ﹸﻜلﱡ ﹶﻨ ﹾﻔﺱٍ ﺫﹶﺍﺌِ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َﻤ ْﻭ ِ
ﻥ
ﻥ ﹸﻜلﱢ ﻓِ ْﺭ ﹶﻗﺔٍ ِﻤ ﹾﻨ ُﻬ ْﻡ ﻁﹶﺎ ِﺌ ﹶﻔ ﹲﺔ ﻟِﻴَ ﹶﺘ ﹶﻔ ﱠﻘﻬُﻭﺍ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟـﺩﱢﻴ ِ
ﻥ ِﻟ َﻴ ﹾﻨ ِﻔﺭُﻭﺍ ﻜﹶﺎ ﱠﻓ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠﻭْﻻ ﹶﻨ ﹶﻔﺭَ ِﻤ ْ
ﻥ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ُﻤ ْﺅ ِﻤﻨﹸﻭ َ
* ) َﻭﻤَﺎ ﻜﹶﺎ َ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺒﺔ(122:
ﺤ ﹶﺫﺭُﻭ َ
ﺠﻌُﻭﺍ ِﺇﹶﻟ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻡ ﹶﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﻴ ْ
َﻭ ِﻟ ُﻴ ﹾﻨ ِﺫﺭُﻭﺍ ﹶﻗ ْﻭﻤَ ُﻬ ْﻡ ِﺇﺫﹶﺍ َﺭ َ
ﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﹾـ َﺄ ْﺭﺽِ
ﻀ َﻌﻔِﻴ َ
ﺴ ﹶﺘ ْ
ﻥ ﹶﺘ َﻭﻓﱠﺎ ُﻫ ُﻡ ﺍ ﹾﻟﻤَﻼ ِﺌ ﹶﻜ ﹸﺔ ﻅﹶﺎِﻟﻤِﻲ َﺃ ﹾﻨ ﹸﻔﺴِﻬِ ْﻡ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻭﺍ ﻓِﻴ َﻡ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻨ ﹸﺘ ْﻡ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻭﺍ ﹸﻜﻨﱠﺎ ُﻤ ْ
ﻥ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
* )ِﺇ ﱠ
ﺕ َﻤﺼِﻴﺭﹰﺍ( )ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ(97:
ﺠ َﻬ ﱠﻨ ُﻡ َﻭﺴَﺎ َﺀ ﹾ
ﺠﺭُﻭﺍ ﻓِﻴﻬَﺎ ﹶﻓﺄُﻭﹶﻟﺌِﻙَ َﻤ ْﺄﻭَﺍ ُﻫ ْﻡ َ
ﺴ َﻌ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹸﺘﻬَﺎ ِ
ﺽ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﻭَﺍ ِ
ﻥ َﺃ ْﺭ ُ
ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻭﺍ َﺃ ﹶﻟ ْﻡ ﹶﺘ ﹸﻜ ْ
ﻀ َﺭ ْﺒﻨﹶﺎ ﹶﻟﻜﹸ ُﻡ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َﺄ ْﻤﺜﹶـﺎ َل(
ﻑ ﹶﻓ َﻌ ﹾﻠﻨﹶﺎ ِﺒ ِﻬ ْﻡ َﻭ َ
ﺴ ُﻬ ْﻡ ﻭَ ﹶﺘﺒَ ﱠﻴﻥَ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﹶﻜ ْﻴ ﹶ
ﻅ ﹶﻠﻤُﻭﺍ َﺃ ﹾﻨ ﹸﻔ َ
ﻥ ﹶ
ﻥ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﺴ ﹶﻜ ﹾﻨ ﹸﺘ ْﻡ ﻓِﻲ َﻤﺴَﺎ ِﻜ ِ
* ) َﻭ َ
)ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ(45:
ﻥ ﻋَـ ﹾﻨ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﺸﹶـﻴْﺌ ﹰﺎ
ﺠ َﺒ ﹾﺘ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﹶﻜ ﹾﺜ َﺭ ﹸﺘ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ْﻡ ﹸﺘﻐﹾـ ِ
ﻋَ
ﺤ ﹶﻨ ْﻴﻥٍ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ َﺃ ْ
ﻥ ﹶﻜﺜِﻴ َﺭ ٍﺓ َﻭ َﻴ ْﻭ َﻡ ُ
ﻁَ* ) ﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ْﺩ ﹶﻨﺼَﺭَ ﹸﻜ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َﻤﻭَﺍ ِ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺒﺔ(25:
ﺕ ﹸﺜﻡﱠ َﻭﱠﻟ ْﻴ ﹸﺘ ْﻡ ُﻤ ْﺩ ِﺒﺭِﻴ َ
ﺤ َﺒ ﹾ
ﺽ ِﺒﻤَﺎ َﺭ ُ
ﻋﹶﻠ ْﻴﻜﹸ ُﻡ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َﺄ ْﺭ ُ
ﺕ َ
َﻭﻀَﺎ ﹶﻗ ﹾ
ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
ﺸﺭﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ
ﻤﺅﺘﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ
ﻴﺨﺭﺠﻭﻥ ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻓﺭﻭﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎ ﻟﻴﻨﻔﺭﻭﺍ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ
ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻤّﻭﻥ ﺃﻤﻭﺭ ﺩﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻴﺘﻔﻘﻬﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻥ
ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ
ﺴّﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ
ﺃﻱ ﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ ﺫ ﻟﻭﻻ
ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﻭﺍﺤﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺎﻜﺒﻬﺎ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺤﻠﻴل
ﺸّﺭﻴﻌﺔ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺎﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻗﻕ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟـ ﹼ
* ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻨﻤﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴّﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻑ :ﺇ ّ
ﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻊ
ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴّﺔ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨ ّ
ﺭﺒّﻪ ،ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻪ
ﻭﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻅﻠﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﺁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟ ّﺭّﺴﻭل ﺤﺘﹼﻰ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ
ل ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻪ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ
ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻥ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩﻩ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻜ ّ
ﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﻬﻡ ﻭﺴﻌﺎﺩﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻔﻊ ﻟﻬﻡ ﻭﺇﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻀّﺭﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴّﺔ .
ﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻡ ﻫﺩﻑ ﻟﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ
ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻴﺩﻋﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﹼﺘّﻨﻤﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻡ ﻓﻠﻴﺱ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺃ ّ
ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻔﺱ ﻭﻴﻘﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘل ﻭﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﻏﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ
ﻱ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴـﺩ
ﺴّﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ ّ
ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻑ ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻨﻠﻤﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﻼﻡ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ “ﻁﻴﺒـﺔ“ ﻓﻬـﻭ
ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﻤﻭ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺴﻴّﺩﻨﺎ ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻟﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘـﺎﻡ
ﺼّﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻌﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃ ّ
ﻱ ﺫﺭﻴّﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩّﺭﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻻﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺃ ّ
ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺡ ﻭﺍﻟّﹼﺘّﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﺭﺍﻩ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺘـﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻔﻠـﺔ ﻋـﻥ
ﺍﻟﺼّﻭﺍﺏ.
ﺴﻜﹼﺎﻥ ﻜـﺎﺌﻥ ﻋـﻀﻭﻱ ﻴﺘﺤـﺭﻙ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺯّﻴـﺎﺩﺓ
ﺴّﻜﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴّﺔ :ﺍﻟ ّ
* ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻕ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴّﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﺓ .
ﺃﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻜﹼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻭ ﹾﻓ ﹶ
ﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻵﻴـﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻠﹼـﻡ
ـ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴﺩ :ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﺩّﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻨﺎﺴل ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ ّ
ﻁّﻔل ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺴل ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﻤـﻥ
ﺒﺎﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻔﺼﻴل ﻋﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟ ﹼ
ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻀّﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﹼﺤﺭّﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟ ّﺯّﻭﺍﺝ ﻭﻗﺭّﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ
ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﹼﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺜﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ.
ـ ﺍﻟﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ :ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺤﺩﻩ ﻴﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﺠل ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻤﻥ
ﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻟﻤّـﺎ
ﺴّﺒﺏ ﻭﻴﺘﺨﻠﹼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻷ ّ
ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﺨﻠﻘﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻌل ﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺸّﺭﻋﻴّﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﺭﺍﺙ ﻭﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺩﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬـﺎﺀ ﺒـﺎﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ
ﻴﺤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﺭﺘﹼﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼ
ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ .
ـ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﺓ :ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺁﻭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻁﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ
ﻅّﻠﻡ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻜﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀّﻌﻑ ﻭﺇﻨﻤـﺎ
ﺴّﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼ
ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟ ّﺭّﺯﻕ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺨﻴّل ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺭّﺯﻕ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﻨﺔ ﺒـﺄﺭﺽ ﻭﻤﻘﻴـﺩﺓ
ﺒﺎﻟ ّ
ﺒﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﻟﻭ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺠﺩ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺴﺒﻴﻼ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟّﹼﺘّﺼﻭّﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻟﻀّﻴﻡ ﻭﻴﺴﻜﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨـﺔ،
ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻗﺭّﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻟﻤﻥ ﻴﻬﺎﺠﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺃﻨﹼﻪ ﻴﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻤﻨﻁﻠﻘﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﺠﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﻌﺔ.
ﺴّﻜﺎﻥ
* ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ :ﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟـ ّ
ﻕ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻓﺭﻏﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺒﻴﺌﺘﻬﻡ ﻭَﻓ ﹶ
ﻥ ﻤﻠﻜﻴّﺘﻪ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻠﻜﻴّﺔ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﺭ
ﻻﺃّ
ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﺇ ﹼ
ﺸّﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ
ﻓﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺜﺎﺭ ﺭﺤﻤﺘﻪ ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﹸﻘﺎﺒل ﺒﺎﻟ ﹼ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﻭﺸﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻔﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻹﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃ ّ
ﺼّﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎل
ﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﹼﺔ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺯّﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺤ ﹼ
ﺴّﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬـﺎ
ﺴّﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﺭﻙ ﻗﻀﻴّﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻤّﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟ ﹼﺘّﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ .
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ
/1ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﹼﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺴّﻜﺎﻥ.
/2ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻤﺠﺭّﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻑ.
/3ﻤﻠﻜﻴّﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻠﻜﻴّﺔ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻻﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﺭ.
/4ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﺒﺎﻟ ّﺭّﻓﺎﻫﻴّﺔ
ﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺇﻴﺠـﺎﺩ ﻤـﺸﻜﻼﺕ
ﺴّﻜﺎﻨ ّ
/5ﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﻤﻭ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺤﻴّﺔ ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ.
ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴّﺔ ﻭﺼ ّ
ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ :
.1ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ؟
.2ﻫل ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻴﺩﻋﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻨﻤﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻡ ﻓﻘﻁ؟
ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ :
ﻲ ﻋﻼﻗـﺎﺕ
.1ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻨ ّ
ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺭﺒّﻪ ،ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ
ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ.
.2ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻴﺩﻋﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻨﻤﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻡ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻡ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻫﺩﻑ ﻟﺫﺍﺘـﻪ ﻭﺇﻨﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻭ
ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻔﺱ ﻭﻴﻘﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘل ﻭﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﻏﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒـﺩﻨﻴﺎ
ﺴّﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘـﻲ ﺘﺤﻤـل
ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻑ ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻨﻠﻤﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻱ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﻤﻭ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺭﺓ.
ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ ّ
ﺠﺩﻟﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﻠﻴل
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺒﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻘل ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺏ ﻤﺭﻴـﺭﺓ ،ﻤـ ّﺭ ﺨﻼﻟﻬـﺎ ﺒـﺎﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ
ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻭﺩﺕ ﺒﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻐﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻟـﻰ
ﺃﻨﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ،ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ
ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺠﺩﻟﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :
ﻙ ِﺒ ِﻪ ﺸﹶـﻴْﺌ ﹰﺎ
ﺸ ِﺭ َ
ﺴﻭَﺍ ٍﺀ َﺒ ْﻴ ﹶﻨﻨﹶﺎ َﻭ َﺒ ْﻴ ﹶﻨ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ َﺃﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻨ ْﻌ ُﺒﺩَ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ ﻭَﻻ ﹸﻨ ﹾ
ﺏ ﹶﺘﻌَﺎ ﹶﻟﻭْﺍ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻜﻠِﻤَﺔٍ َ
* ) ﹸﻗ ْل ﻴَﺎ َﺃ ْﻫ َل ﺍ ﹾﻟ ِﻜﺘﹶﺎ ِ
ﻥ( )ﺁل ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ(64:
ﺴِﻠﻤُﻭ َ
ﺸ َﻬﺩُﻭﺍ ِﺒ َﺄﻨﱠﺎ ُﻤ ْ
ﻥ ﹶﺘ َﻭﱠﻟﻭْﺍ ﹶﻓﻘﹸﻭﻟﹸﻭﺍ ﺍ ﹾ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ِﺈ ْ
ﻥ ﺩُﻭ ِ
ﻀﻨﹶﺎ َﺒﻌْﻀ ﹰﺎ َﺃ ْﺭﺒَﺎﺒﺎﹰ ِﻤ ْ
ﻭَﻻ ﻴَ ﱠﺘﺨِ ﹶﺫ َﺒ ْﻌ ُ
ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻜﺜِﻴ ٍﺭ
ﻀ ﹾﻠﻨﹶﺎ ُﻫ ْﻡ َ
ﺕ َﻭ ﹶﻓ ﱠ
ﻁ ﱢﻴﺒَﺎ ِ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﺤ ِﺭ َﻭ َﺭ َﺯ ﹾﻗﻨﹶﺎ ُﻫ ْﻡ ِﻤ َ
ﺤ َﻤ ﹾﻠﻨﹶﺎ ُﻫ ْﻡ ﻓِﻲ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َﺒ ﱢﺭ ﻭَﺍ ﹾﻟ َﺒ ْ
* )ﻭَﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ْﺩ ﹶﻜ ﱠﺭ ْﻤﻨﹶﺎ َﺒﻨِﻲ ﺁ َﺩ َﻡ َﻭ َ
)ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺀ(70: ﻼ(
ﺨ ﹶﻠ ﹾﻘﻨﹶﺎ ﹶﺘ ﹾﻔﻀِﻴ ﹰ
ﻥ ﹶ
ِﻤ ﱠﻤ ْ
ﻲ
ﺤﺸﹶﺎ ِﺀ ﻭَﺍ ﹾﻟ ُﻤ ﹾﻨﻜﹶـ ِﺭ ﻭَﺍ ﹾﻟ َﺒﻐﹾـ ِ
ﻥ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ْ
ﻋِ
ﻥ َﻭﺇِﻴﺘﹶﺎ ِﺀ ﺫِﻱ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ْﺭﺒَﻰ َﻭ َﻴ ﹾﻨﻬَﻰ َ
ﺤﺴَﺎ ِ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ َﻴ ْﺄ ُﻤ ُﺭ ﺒِﺎ ﹾﻟ َﻌ ْﺩ ِل ﻭَﺍ ﹾﻟ ِﺄ ْ
* )ِﺇ ﱠ
ﻥ( )ﺍﻟﻨﺤل(90:
ﻅ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﹶﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﹶﺘ ﹶﺫ ﱠﻜﺭُﻭ َ
َﻴ ِﻌ ﹸ
ﻥ(
ﺴ ﹶﺘﺠَﺎﺒُﻭﺍ ِﻟ َﺭ ﱢﺒ ِﻬ ْﻡ َﻭَﺃﻗﹶﺎﻤُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﱠﻼ ﹶﺓ َﻭَﺃ ْﻤ ُﺭ ُﻫ ْﻡ ﺸﹸﻭﺭَﻯ َﺒ ْﻴ ﹶﻨ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﻭ ِﻤﻤﱠﺎ َﺭ َﺯ ﹾﻗﻨﹶـﺎ ُﻫ ْﻡ ُﻴ ﹾﻨ ِﻔﻘﹸـﻭ َ
ﻥﺍ ْ
* )ﻭَﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
)ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺭﻯ(38:
ﻑ ﻋَـ ﹾﻨ ُﻬ ْﻡ
ﻋ ﹸ
ﻙ ﻓﹶﺎ ْ
ﺤ ْﻭِﻟ َ
ﻥ َ
ﺏ ﻟﹶﺎ ﹾﻨ ﹶﻔﻀﱡﻭﺍ ِﻤ ْ
ﻅ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹾﻠ ِ
ﻏﻠِﻴ ﹶ
ﻅﺎﹰ ﹶ
ﺕ ﹶﻓ ﹼ
ﺕ ﹶﻟ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﻭ ﹶﻟ ْﻭ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻨ ﹶ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﻟِ ﹾﻨ ﹶ
ﺤ َﻤ ٍﺔ ِﻤ َ
* ) ﹶﻓ ِﺒﻤَﺎ َﺭ ْ
ﺏ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ُﻤﺘﹶـ َﻭ ﱢﻜﻠِﻴﻥَ( )ﺁل
ﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـ َﻪ ُﻴﺤِـ ﱡ
ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـ ِﻪ ِﺇ ﱠ
ﺕ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺘ َﻭﻜﱠـ ْل َ
ﺴ ﹶﺘ ﹾﻐ ِﻔ ْﺭ ﹶﻟ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﻭﺸﹶﺎ ِﻭ ْﺭ ُﻫ ْﻡ ﻓِﻲ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َﺄ ْﻤ ِﺭ ﹶﻓ ِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﻋَﺯَ ْﻤ ﹶ
ﻭَﺍ ْ
ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ(159:
ﻲ()ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ :ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﻴﺔ(256
ﻥ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻐ ﱢ
ﺸ ُﺩ ِﻤ َ
ﻥ ﹶﻗ ْﺩ ﹶﺘﺒَ ﱠﻴﻥَ ﺍﻟﺭﱡ ﹾ
* )ﻻ ِﺇ ﹾﻜﺭَﺍ َﻩ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﱢﻴ ِ
ﻥ(
ﺤﺘﱠﻰ َﻴﻜﹸﻭﻨﹸﻭﺍ ﻤُـ ْﺅ ِﻤﻨِﻴ َ
ﺱ َ
ﺕ ﺘﹸ ﹾﻜ ِﺭ ُﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺎ َ
ﺠﻤِﻴﻌ ﹰﺎ َﺃ ﹶﻓ َﺄ ﹾﻨ ﹶ
ﺽ ﹸﻜﱡﻠ ُﻬ ْﻡ َ
ﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍ ﹾﻟَﺄ ْﺭ ِ
ﻥ َﻤ ْ
ﻙ ﻟﹶﺂ َﻤ َ
* ) َﻭﹶﻟ ْﻭ ﺸﹶﺎ َﺀ َﺭ ﱡﺒ َ
)ﻴﻭﻨﺱ(99:
ﻥ ﺸﹶﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠﻴَ ﹾﻜ ﹸﻔ ْﺭ )ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻑ(29:
ﻥ َﻭ َﻤ ْ
ﻥ ﺸﹶﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ ُﻴ ْﺅ ِﻤ ْ
ﻥ َﺭ ﱢﺒ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ ﹶﻓ َﻤ ْ
ﻕ ِﻤ ْ
ﺤﱡ
* ) َﻭ ﹸﻗ ِل ﺍ ﹾﻟ َ
ﻥ ﺁ َﻤﻨﹸﻭﺍ َﺃﻁِﻴﻌُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ َﻭَﺃﻁِﻴﻌُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺭﺴُﻭ َل َﻭﺃُﻭﻟِﻲ ﺍ ﹾﻟَﺄ ْﻤ ِﺭ ِﻤ ﹾﻨ ﹸﻜ ُْﻡ( )ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ(59:
*)ﻴَﺎ َﺃ ﱡﻴﻬَﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﺸﺭﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ
ﺍﻤﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﺃﻁﺎﻋﻭﻩ ﺴ ﹶﺘﺠَﺎﺒُﻭﺍ ِﻟ َﺭ ﱢﺒ ِﻬ ْﻡ
ﻥﺍْ
ﻭَﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﺍﻟﺼّﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭّﺸﺩ
ﻀّﻼل
ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺭ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ ﺍﻟﻐﻲ
ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻭّﺓ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻬﺩﻴﺩ ﺘﻜﺭﻩ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺤﻠﻴل :
ﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ
* ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ :ﻴﺤﺴِﺏ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ ﺃ ّ
ﺇﻨﹼﻤﺎ ﺘ ّﻡ ﺭﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴّﺔ ﻭﺒﻔﻀل ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﺠﺘﻬـﺎﺩﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺜﻤـﺭﺓ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺎﻹﺫﻋﺎﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻨﻴﺎ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻻﻴﺘﺠـﺯﺃ
ﺁﺭﺍﺌﻬﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃ ّ
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﺜﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴّﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺴﻠﻭﻜﺎ
ﺃﺨﻼﻗﻴﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ
* ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴّﺔ ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ :ﻋﺒﻭﺩﻴّﺔ ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻥ ﷲ ﺘﻌـﺎﻟﻰ :ﻤـﻥ
ل ﻤـﺴﻠﻡ
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺌﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﺒﻭﺩﻴّﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻴﻘـﻴﻥ ﻜـ ّ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﻭﺩﻴّﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻷﻭّل ﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ
ﻻ ﻋﺩ ﱞﻭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋـﺩﺍﻭﺓ
ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻪ .ﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻓﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻻﻴﺘﺭﺒﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇ ﹼ
ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻷﺨﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ .ﻭﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﺯﻕ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﺴـﺘﻌﺒﺎﺩ
ﻥ ﺘﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﻭﺓ ﺃﺨﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺒﺕ ﺇﻻ ﻓـﻲ
ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺃ ّ
ل ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻴﻘﻥ ﺃﻨﹼﻪ ﻋﺒﺩ ﻤﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﻩ
ﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻭﺩﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺼّﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋ ّﺯ ﻭﺠ ّ
ﻭﻴﺩﺭﻙ ﺃﻨﹼﻪ ﻻ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻷﺤﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺜﻤﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺸﻴﺌﻴﻥ ﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ :ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ
ﻋﻥ ﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺫل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻨﺔ ﻷﻨﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ ﺃﻴّﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ .
ﺃ ـ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ :ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻡ ﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ
ﻥ
ل ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺃ ّ
ﺤﻴﺙ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻜﺭﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋ ّﺯ ﻭﺠ ّ
ﻻ ﺒﺭﻋﺎﻴّﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻪ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻓﻁﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺤﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺸـﻴﺌﺎ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺭﺠﻡ ﺇ ﹼ
ﺴّﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ
ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻴّﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻪ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻴّﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻪ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺃﻗﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ .
ﺏ ـ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﺴﻠﹼﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺸّﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺩ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼ
ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﻭﺩﻴّﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﺎ ّ
ﺴّﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻴّـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤـﺼﺎﻟﺢ
ﻗﺭﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴّﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺌﻬﻡ ﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟـ ّ
ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻻﺘﻌﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺎﻟﻴّﺔ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻥ ﺜ ّﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺜ ّﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻘل ﺜ ّﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺴل ﺜ ّﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎل
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺍﻟﻘـﺭﺁﻥ
ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺩل ﺍﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻴّﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻁﺒﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﺘﻴﺏ.
ﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴّﺔ ﺠﺫﻉ ﺘﺘﻔﺭّﻉ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺤﻘـﻭﻕ
ﺝ ـ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴّﺔ :ﻭﺇﻨﹼﻤﺎ ﺁﺜﺭﻨﺎ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺩﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻷ ّ
ﺴّﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺇﻴﺠـﺎﺩ
ﺸﺘﻰ ﻜﺤﻕ ﺤﺭﻴّﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻫﺏ ﻭﺤﻕ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﺭّﺃﻱ ﻭﺤﻕ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻬﺞ ﺍﻟـ ّ
ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺩﻋﻤﻪ ﻭﺘﻔﻭﻗﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺩﺭﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ
ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺃﻤﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎ ؟
ﻭﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺸﻜﺎل ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ
ﻙ ﷲ ﻋﺯ ﻭﺠل ﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﹼﻬﻭﺽ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻤﻨﺎﺹ ﻟﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﺘّﺤﺭﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺃﺒﻌﺩ
ﻋﺒ ٌﺩ ﻤﻤﻠﻭ ٌ
ل ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺭﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺤﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﺒـﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻀـﻊ
ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴّﺔ ﺒﻜ ّ
ﻟﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻟﺫﺍﺘﻪ ؟ ..ﻓﺎﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺤﺭﻴّـﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﻠّﻬـﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﻤـﻭﺭ
ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺨﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻨﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﺭﺴﻤﻪ
ﺴّﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻋﺎﻴّـﺔ
ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﺯ ﺠل ﺠﻼﻟﻪ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻻ ﻓـﻲ ﺤـﺩﻭﺩ ﻤـﺎ
ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺘﺼﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭ ّﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺎﻤﺔ ﻻﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻀﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻬﻡ ﺇ ﹼ
ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻌﺒﻴـﺭ ﻋـﻥ ﺭﺃﻴـﻪ
ﺴّﻴﺎﺴﻴّﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻻ ﻨﻨﺱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ
ﻭﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺎﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻱ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻨﺎﻕ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻤﻤﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺽ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺎﻁل ﺃﻴﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﺩ ﺘـﻡ
ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴّﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺎﻤﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻬﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺭﻫﺎﺏ.
ﺩ ــ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻭﺭﻯ ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﺭّﺃﻱ :ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟ ّﺭّﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻟ ّﺭّﺃﻱ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻟﻠﺒﻌﺽ
ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺭّﺃﻱ ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺠﻰ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼّﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ
ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﻭﺭﻯ ﻁﺭﻓﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﻁﺭﻓﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﻭﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﺎ ﺘﺘﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﺇﻟـﻰ
ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺭّﺃﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﻭﺭﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩ ،ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﹼﻭﺭﻯ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ
ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﹼﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ.
ﻫـ ـ ﺍﻟﻁﹼﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻋﻴّﺔ :ﻭﻫﻲ ﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻤﻌﺼﻴّﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﹼﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ
ﻴﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺠﻴﺏ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻁﺎﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﻨﺸﻁﻪ
ﻭﻜﺴﻠﻪ .
ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺼﻭّﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻻ ﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺭّﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺼﻭﺼﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺤﻕ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺩّﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻨﻘﺩ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻨﻘـﺩﺍ
ﻨﺯﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺸﻬﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺠﺭﻴﺢ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺤﻘﹼﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺕ
ﺼﱠﺎ ِﻟﺤَﺎ ِ
ﻋ ِﻤﻠﹸـﻭﺍ ﺍﻟـ ّ
ﻥ ﺁ َﻤﻨﹸﻭﺍ َﻭ َ
ﺍﻟﺩّﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺒﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻭﺍﺼﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰِ)) :ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﻲ ﻭﻫـﻭ
ﺱ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﻨ ّ
ﺼ ْﺒ ِﺭ((] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ .[3/ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺤ ّ
ﺼﻭْﺍ ﺒِﺎﻟ ﱠّ
ﻕ ﻭَ ﹶﺘﻭَﺍ َ
ﺤ ﱢ
ﺼﻭْﺍ ﺒِﺎ ﹾﻟ َ
ﻭَ ﹶﺘﻭَﺍ َ
ﺼﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﻤﺎﻥ ﻀ ّﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻭﻟﺔ.
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ :
ﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺜ ّﻡ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ
/ 1ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺤ ﹼ
ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ
ﻲ ﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻌﻁﻴـل ﻭﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻌـﺩﻴل
ﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻬ ّ
/2ﺇّ
ﻭﻤﺎﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻨﺎﺯل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ.
/ 3ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻀﻤّﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤ ّﺭﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻨﻴّﺔ.
ﺸّﻲﺀ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﹼﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ.
/ 4ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻜﺭﺍﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹼ
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ـ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ
ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﻠﻴل
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
* ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ
ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :
ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ،ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺘﻪ ،ﺒل ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻴﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒـﺎﺩﻩ
ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﻋﻨﻪ ،ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺩﺭﻜﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻟﻸﻤﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ،ﺒل ﻫﻭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ
ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻴﻤﺴﻲ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﻤﺸﻠﻭﻻ ﻤﺘﺨﻠﻔﺎ ،ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ
ﻤﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩﻩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ.
ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :
ﺼﻨﹶﺎ َﻡ( )ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ(35:
ﻥ ﹶﻨ ْﻌ ُﺒﺩَ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َﺄ ْ
ﻲ َﺃ ْ
ﺠ ﹸﻨ ْﺒﻨِﻲ َﻭ َﺒ ِﻨ ﱠ
ﺠ َﻌ ْل َﻫﺫﹶﺍ ﺍ ﹾﻟﺒَﹶﻠﺩَ ﺁﻤِﻨﹰﺎ ﻭَﺍ ْ
ﺏﺍْ
* ) َﻭِﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻗﹶﺎ َل ِﺇ ْﺒﺭَﺍﻫِﻴ ُﻡ َﺭ ﱢ
* ) ﻭَ ﻀَ ﺭَﺏَ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﻪُ ﻤَﺜﹶﻼﹰ ﻗﹶ ﺭْ ﻴَ ﺔﹰ ﻜﹶﺎ ﻨﹶﺕﹾ ﺁ ﻤِﻨﹶ ﺔﹰ ﻤُ ﻁﹾ ﻤَ ﺌِﻨﱠ ﺔﹰ ﻴَ ﺄْﺘِﻴ ﻬَﺎ ﺭِ ﺯْ ﻗﹸﻬَﺎ ﺭَﻏﹶﺩ ﺍﹰ ﻤِﻥْ ﻜﹸـ لﱢ ﻤَ ﻜﹶـﺎﻥٍ
ﻓﹶﻜﹶ ﻔﹶ ﺭَﺕﹾ ﺒِﺄَﻨﹾ ﻌُﻡِ ﺍﻟ ﻠﱠ ﻪِ ﻓﹶﺄَﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶ ﻬَﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﻪُ ﻟِ ﺒَﺎﺱَ ﺍﻟﹾﺠُﻭﻉِ ﻭَﺍﻟﹾﺨﹶ ﻭْ ﻑِ ﺒِ ﻤَﺎ ﻜﹶﺎ ﻨﹸﻭﺍ ﻴَ ﺼْ ﻨﹶﻌُﻭﻥَ( ) ﺍﻟﻨﺤل (112 :
ﻥ ﻤِـ ﹾﻨ ُﻬ ْﻡ ﺒِﺎﻟﻠﱠـ ِﻪ
ﻥ ﺁ َﻤ َ
ﺕ َﻤ ْ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤﺭَﺍ ِ
ﻕ َﺃ ْﻫ ﹶﻠ ُﻪ ِﻤ َ
ﺠ َﻌ ْل َﻫﺫﹶﺍ َﺒﻠﹶﺩﹰﺍ ﺁﻤِﻨ ﹰﺎ ﻭَﺍ ْﺭ ُﺯ ﹾ
ﺏﺍْ
* ) َﻭِﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻗﹶﺎ َل ِﺇ ْﺒﺭَﺍﻫِﻴ ُﻡ َﺭ ﱢ
ﺱ ﺍ ﹾﻟ َﻤﺼِﻴ ُﺭ( )ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ(126:
ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﺭ َﻭ ِﺒ ْﺌ َ
ﻋﺫﹶﺍ ِ
ﻁ ﱡﺭ ُﻩ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ َ
ﻀﹶ
ﻼ ﹸﺜﻡﱠ َﺃ ْ
ﻥ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻔﺭَ ﹶﻓُﺄ َﻤﺘﱢ ُﻌ ُﻪ ﹶﻗﻠِﻴ ﹰ
ﺨ ِﺭ ﹶﻗﺎ َل َﻭ َﻤ ْ
ﻭَﺍ ﹾﻟ َﻴ ْﻭ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ِ
ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
ﺸﺭﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ
ﻤﻜﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭّﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩ
ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﺸﻘﺔ ﺭﻏﺩﺍ
* ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺤﻠﻴل
* ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﺒﺜﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ :ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻓـﻲ ﺤـﺴّﻪ
ﻤﺘﻌﻠﹼﻘﺔ ﺒﺤﺭﺼﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻟﻴﺫﻜﹼﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻴﻥ ﻴـﺴﺘﻁﻴﻠﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟ ﹼﻨّﻌﻤـﺔ ﻭﻻ
ﺴّﻼﻡ ﻓﺠﻌل ﻤﻜﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭّﻤﺔ ﺒﻠﺩﺍ ﺁﻤﻨﺎ ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻓـﻲ
ﻴﺸﻜﺭﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻋّﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺹ ﻤﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺩﻋﻭﻩ
ﺴّﻼﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺜّﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﺒّﻪ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺠﺎﺅﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨ ّ
ﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﻨﹼﺒﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺼﻨﺎﻡ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺒﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ
ﻻ ﺒﻬﺎ.
ﺒﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻻﻴﺘﺤﻘﹼﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺇ ﹼ
* ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ :ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺵ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻨﻑ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻭﻗﺩ
ل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ،
ﺴّﻠﻡ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻴﺘﻌﻴّﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜ ّ
ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
ﺏ
ﺴّﻼﻡ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺭﺒّﻪ ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪَ :ﻭِﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻗﹶﺎ َل ِﺇﺒْـﺭَﺍﻫِﻴ ُﻡ َﺭ ﱢ
ﺤﺘﹼﻰ ﺃﻨﹼﻪ ﻗﺩّﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺍﻨﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ،ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﺴﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺼﻨﹶﺎ َﻡ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ،[35/ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺩّﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ
ﻲ ﺃَﻥ ﱠﻨ ْﻌ ُﺒ َﺩ ﺍ َﻷ ْ
ﺠ ﹸﻨ ْﺒﻨِﻲ َﻭ َﺒ ِﻨ ﱠ
ﺠ َﻌ ْل ﻫَـﺫﹶﺍ ﺍ ﹾﻟﺒَ ﹶﻠﺩَ ﺁﻤِﻨ ﹰﺎ ﻭَﺍ ْ
ﺍْ
ﺠﻌَـ ْل
ﺏﺍْ
ﻱ ﻓﻘﺎلَ :ﻭِﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻗﹶﺎ َل ِﺇ ْﺒﺭَﺍﻫِﻴ ُﻡ َﺭ ﱢ
ﺸّﺭﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ .ﻜﻤﺎ ﺤﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ّ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺠﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹼ
ﺴّﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺕ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ .[126/ﻭﻗﺩ ﻓﻀّل ﺍﻟ ّﺭّﺴﻭل ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﱠﹼﺜ َﻤﺭَﺍ ِ
ﻕ َﺃ ْﻫﹶﻠ ُﻪ ِﻤ َ
ـ ﹶﺫﺍ َﺒﻠﹶﺩﹰﺍ ﺁﻤِﻨ ﹰﺎ ﻭَﺍ ْﺭ ُﺯ ﹾ
ﻫَ َ
ﺼّﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼّﺩﻗﺔ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ :ﺒﻠﻰ ﻴﺎ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ .ﻗـﺎل:
ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﺎل :ﺃﻻ ﺃﺨﺒﺭﻜﻡ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼّﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
)ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻥ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻘﺔ(] .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺭﻤﺫﻱ[ .ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﻠﻡ ﻴـﺼﻌﺏ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ
ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﺒﻭﺩ ّﻴﺘﻪ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭ ﻴﺴﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ .
ﻲ :ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻗﻠﻕ ﺤﺎﺌﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻬﺩّﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺭﻭﺏ ﻭﺨﺭﺍﺏ ،ﺒﻔﻌل
ﺴّﻠﻤ ّ
* ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻴﺩﻋﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻌﺎﻴﺵ ﺍﻟ ّ
ل ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻴﺸﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻤـﺎﻥ،
ﻥﻜّ
ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻠﹼﺎ ﺘﺴﺎﻤﺢ ﻭﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭ ..ﻤﻊ ﺃ ّ
ﻱ ﺃﻤّﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺯﺩﻫﺭ ﻭﺘﺘﻁﻭّﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﹼﻕ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺵ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻨﺎﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺀ ﻟﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻌﺎﻴﺵ
ﻓﻼ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻷ ّ
ﻋﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺸﺫﻭﺫ ،ﻻ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴُﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺴّﻠﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤَﺭ ِ
ﺸّﻌﻭﺏ .ﻓﺎﻟ ّ
ل ﺍﻟ ﹼ
ﺴّﻠﻤﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴّﺔ ﻟﻜ ّ
ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻻ ﻤﺯﻴﺩﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺜّﻜﺎﻟﻰ
ﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﻭﻴﻨﺒﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﹼﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻭﻟﹼﺩ ﺇ ﹼ
ﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻷ ّ
ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ .ﻟﺫﺍ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟـ ّﺩّﺨﻭل
ﺴ ﹾﻠ ِﻡ ﹶﻜﺎﱠﻓ ﹰﺔ ]ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ[208/
ﺨﻠﹸﻭ ﹾﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱢّ
ﻥ ﺁ َﻤﻨﹸﻭ ﹾﺍ ﺍ ْﺩ ﹸ
ﺴّﻠﻡ ،ﻓﻘﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﻴَﺎ َﺃ ﱡﻴﻬَﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّ
* ﻤﻥ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ :ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ :
ل ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫـﺎ،
ﺴّﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﺴﺎﻤﺢ ﺒﻜـ ّ
ﺴّﻠﻡ :ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴّﺔ ﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
ـ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻌﺼّﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻁﺭّﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻠ ّﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺘﻨﺎ ،ﻤﻤّﺎ
ﺴّﻠﻡ ﻭﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴـﺕ
ﻴﺤﺘﹼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﻴُﺩﺭﻙ ِﻗﻴَﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺴﺎﻤﺢ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
ﺼّﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﻫـﺎﺏ ،ﻭﻟﻬـﺫﺍ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ..ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﺠﻴﺎل ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺴّﻼﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﻜﻡ(( ]ﺭﻭﺍﻩ
ﺴّﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ( ،ﺘﹸﻠﻘﻰ ﻜﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻬ ِﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻤُﺴﺎﻟﻤﺔ ،ﻓﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺭّﺴﻭل )) :ﺃﻓﺸﻭﺍ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ )ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻤﺴﻠﻡ [.
ـ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻁﺭّﻑ :ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻘﻴﺩﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﺒﻨﹼـﻲ ﺃﻓﻜـﺎﺭﻩ
ﻕ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴُﻠﺯﻡ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﺒﺄﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﻜﺭﺍﻩ ،ﺒل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴـﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﻨـﺸﺭ
ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺌﻪ ،ﻟﻜﻨﹼﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺤ ﱡ
ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻹﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺠّﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭ.
ﻲ ﻻ ﺒ ّﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻋﻅـﺔ
ﻓﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻟﺩﻋﻭﺘﻬﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟ ّﺩّﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤ ّ
ﻥ ]ﺴـﻭﺭﺓ
ﺴُﺤَ
ﻲ َﺃ ْ
ﻅﺔِ ﺍ ﹾﻟﺤَﺴَ ﹶﻨﺔِ َﻭﺠَﺎ ِﺩ ﹾﻟﻬُﻡ ﺒِﺎﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ِﻫ َ
ﺤ ﹾﻜ َﻤ ِﺔ ﻭَﺍ ﹾﻟﻤَ ْﻭﻋِ ﹶ
ﻙ ﺒِﺎ ﹾﻟ ِ
ل َﺭ ﱢﺒ َ
ﺴﺒِﻴ ِ
ﻉ ِﺇﻟِﻰ َ
ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻨﺔ ،ﻗﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﺍ ْﺩ ُ
ﺍﻟﻨﹼﺤل ،[125/ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﻜﺭﺍﻩ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺇﻻ ﺘﺩﻴّﻨﺎ ﻤﻐﺸﻭﺸﺎ ،ﺸﻜﻠﻴّﺎ ،ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺠﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ.
ـ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺨﻠﻕ ﺒﺄﺩﺏ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ :ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺒﺸﺭﻴّﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻨﹼﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﻻﺨـﺘﻼﻑ
ﻁّﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ،ﻭﻻ ﻨﹸﻌﻴّﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻨﹸﻨﻘﺹ ﻤـﻥ
ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺤﻠﹼﻲ ﺒﺂﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺃﺨﻼﻕ ﻤﺤﺩّﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻨﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ،ﺒﺄﻥ ﻻ ﻨﺴﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼ
ﻗﺩﺭﻩ ،ﺃﻭ ﻨﺴﻲﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻅﹼﻥ ﻓﻨﺘﺠﺴّﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻨﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺭﻫﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻪ ..ﻓﻴﺅﺩّﻱ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻀﺎﺀ
ﺴّﻠﻴﻤﺔ.
ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺘﺤﻭّل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﻑ ﻗﻭﻟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺘﻨﺒﺫﻩ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﻔﻭﺱ ﺍﻟ ّ
* ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ :
ﻟﻸﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴّﺔ ﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ:
/1ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺒّﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﺭّﺤﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ّﹼﺘّﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ.
ﺏ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻡ.
ﻀّﻐﺎﺌﻥ ﻭﺤ ّ
/2ﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﻔﻭﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻘﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
ﻰ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﻭﻴﺎ ﻴﺸ ّﺩ ﺒﻌﻀﻪ ﺒﻌﻀﺎ.
/3ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻩ ،ﺤﺘ ّ
/4ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺒﺈﻗﺒﺎل ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ.
ﻲ ﻭﺯﻭﺍل ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﻀﻁﺭﺍﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﻔﺴﻴّﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺘﻲ ﺘـﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻴـﺄﺱ
/5ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻨّﻔﺴ ّ
ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺭ.
* ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ :
ﺴ ﹾﻠ ِﻡ ﻜﹶﺎﻓﱠـﺔﹰ َﻭﻻ
ﺨﻠﹸﻭﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟـ ﱢّ
ﻥ ﺁ َﻤﻨﹸﻭﺍ ﺍ ْﺩ ﹸ
.1ﺍﺸﺭﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻀﻌﺔ ﺍﺴﻁﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﻴَﺎ َﺃ ﱡﻴﻬَﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﻥ ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ[208/
ﻋ ُﺩ ﱞﻭ ُﻤﺒِﻴ ٌ
ﻥ ِﺇﻨﱠ ُﻪ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ َ
ﺸ ْﻴﻁﹶﺎ ِ
ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱠﹼ
ﻁﻭَﺍ ِ
ﺨﹸ
ﹶﺘ ﱠﺘ ِﺒﻌُﻭﺍ ﹸ
.2ﺍﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﻫﻤﻴّﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ.
.3ﺤﺩّﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻴّﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ.
ﺃﺠﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ :
ﻥ
ﺸ ْﻴﻁﹶﺎ ِ
ﺕ ﺍﻟـ ﱠﹼ
ﻁﻭَﺍ ِ
ﺨﹸ
ﺴ ﹾﻠ ِﻡ ﻜﹶﺎ ﱠﻓ ﹰﺔ ﻭَﻻ ﹶﺘ ﱠﺘ ِﺒﻌُﻭﺍ ﹸ
ﺨﻠﹸﻭﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱢّ
ﻥ ﺁ َﻤﻨﹸﻭﺍ ﺍ ْﺩ ﹸ
.1ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ)) :ﻴَﺎ َﺃ ﱡﻴﻬَﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺫِﻴ َ
ﻥ(( ] .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺭﺓ.[208/
ﻋ ُﺩ ﱞﻭ ُﻤﺒِﻴ ٌ
ِﺇﻨﱠ ُﻪ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ْﻡ َ
ﻴﺎ ﺃﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺁﻤﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﺎﷲ ﺭﺒًﺎ ﻭﺒﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻨﺒﻴًﺎ ﻭﺭﺴﻭﻻ ﻭﺒﺎﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺩﻴﻨﹰﺎ ،ﺍﺩﺨﻠﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ،ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ،ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﺭﻜﻭﺍ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺸﻴﺌًﺎ ،ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﺒﻌﻭﺍ ﻁـﺭﻕ ﺍﻟـﺸﻴﻁﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ
ﻴﺩﻋﻭﻜﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀﺍﺕ ،ﺇﻨﻪ ﻟﻜﻡ ﻋﺩﻭ ﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﻓﺎﺤﺫﺭﻭﻩ.
.2ﺃﻫﻤﻴّﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ :ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻨﻔﺴﺎ ﻤﻁﻤﺌﻨﺔ ،ﻭﺠـﻭﺍ
ﻫﺎﺩﺌﺎ ،ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺝ ،ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻻ
ﻴﺄﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ،ﻭﻴﻌﻴﺵ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﻕ ﺩﺍﺌﻡ ﻭﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻀﻁﺭﺒﺔ.
.3ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻴّﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ :
ﺴّﻠﻡ
ﻨﺸﺭ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟ ّ •
ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍل ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴّﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﻁﺭّﻑ •
ﺍﻟ ﹼﺘّﺨﻠﻕ ﺒﺄﺩﺏ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ •