Chapter 4

Integration by parts

In calculus, and more generally in mathematical analysis, integration by

parts or partial integration is a process that finds the integral of a
product of functions in terms of the integral of the product of their
derivative and antiderivative.

You will see plenty of examples soon, but first let us see the rule:

∫ 𝑢 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑢′ (∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

 𝒖 is the function u(x)

 𝒗 is the function v(x)
𝒅
 𝒖′ or 𝒖 is the derivative of the function u(x)
𝒅𝒙

The integral of the product of two functions = (first function) ×

(integral of the second function) – Integral of [(differential coefficient
of the first function) × (integral of the second function)]

For definite integral

Note:

 Integration by parts is not applicable for functions such as ∫ √x sin

x dx.
  We do not add any constant while finding the integral of the
second function.
 Usually, if any function is a power of x or a polynomial in x, then
we take it as the first function. However, in cases where another
function is an inverse trigonometric function or logarithmic
function, then we take them as first function.

How to Find Integration by Part

Integration by part is used to find the integration of the product of two
functions. We can achieve this using the steps discussed below:

Suppose we have to simplify ∫uv dx

Step 1: Choose the first and the second function according to the
ILATE rule (Inverse  Logarithmic  Algebraic  Trigonometric 
Exponential). Suppose we take u as the first function and v as the
second function.
Step 2: Differentiate u(x) with respect to x that is, Evaluate du/dx.
Step 3: Integrate v(x) with respect to x that is, Evaluate ∫v dx.
Use the results obtained in Step 1 and Step 2 in the formula,

∫ 𝒖𝒗 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒖∫ 𝒗 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ {(𝒅𝒖/𝒅𝒙)∫ 𝒗 𝒅𝒙} 𝒅𝒙

Step 4: Simplify the above formula to get the required integration.

Evaluate the following integrals:

1. ∫(sin−1 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 2. ∫ 𝑥 2 sin2 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. ∫ 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 4. ∫ 𝑥 cos2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5. ∫ 𝑥 2 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 6. ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
7. ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 cos 4𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 8. ∫ 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥+sin 𝑥
9. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 10. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+cos 2𝑥 1+cos 𝑥
ln(ln 𝑥) 𝑥 3 sin−1 𝑥
11. ∫
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 12. ∫ (1−𝑥 2 )3/2 𝑑𝑥

13. ∫ 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 14. ∫(ln 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥

−1 ln 𝑥
𝑒 tan 𝑥 16. ∫ (1+𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥
15. ∫ (1+𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥

−1 𝑥 18. ∫ 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
17. ∫ sin √𝑎+𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1+sin 2𝑥 1+𝑥 ln 𝑥
19. ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 20. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1+cos 2𝑥 𝑥

Note-1: Multiple of 𝑒 𝑥 is divided into two parts such that one part is the
differential coefficient of the other part.
 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 {𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )}𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑐

1. Integrate ∫(sin−1 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫(sin−1 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(sin−1 𝑥 )2 (1) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
= (sin−1 𝑥 )2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (sin−1 𝑥 )2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
= (sin−1 𝑥 )2 𝑥 − ∫ {2 sin−1 𝑥 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑥2
−1
𝑥 sin−1 𝑥
= 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 )2 − 2∫ 𝑑𝑥 ⋯ (𝑖)
√1 − 𝑥2
1
Let sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑧, then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑧, Again 𝑥 = sin 𝑧
√1−𝑥 2

Then from (i), we get

𝐼 = 𝑥 (sin−1 𝑥 )2 − 2 ∫ 𝑧 sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

= 𝑥 (sin−1 𝑥 )2 − 2 {𝑧 (− cos 𝑧) − ∫ 1(− cos 𝑧)𝑑𝑧}

= 𝑥 (sin−1 𝑥 )2 + 2𝑧 cos 𝑧 − 2 sin 𝑧 + 𝑐

= 𝑥 (sin−1 𝑥 )2 + 2𝑧 √1 − sin2 𝑧 − 2 sin 𝑧 + 𝑐

= 𝑥 (sin−1 𝑥 )2 + 2 (sin−1 𝑥 )√1 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑐

2. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑥 2 sin2 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 sin2 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 1
= ∫ 𝑥 2 (2 sin2 𝑎𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ 𝑥 2 (1 − cos 2𝑎𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
2
1 1
= ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
1 𝑥 3 1 2 sin 2𝑎𝑥 − cos 2𝑎𝑥 − sin 2𝑎𝑥
= − {𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 }+𝑐
2 3 2 2𝑎 4𝑎2 8𝑎3
𝑥 3 𝑥 2 sin 2𝑎𝑥 𝑥 cos 2𝑎𝑥 sin 2𝑎𝑥
= − − + +𝑐
6 4𝑎 4𝑎2 8𝑎3

3. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution like as the ques number 2

4. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑥 cos2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 cos2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution like as the ques number 2

5. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑥 2 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

− cos 𝑛𝑥 − sin 𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥

= 𝑥2 − 2𝑥 + 2 +𝑐
𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛3

6. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫ 𝑥 (2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
Then according to the question number 5.

7. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 cos 4𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 cos 4𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 (2 cos 4𝑥 cos 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 {cos(4𝑥 + 2𝑥 ) + cos(4𝑥 − 2𝑥 )}𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫{(𝑒 3𝑥 cos 6𝑥 ) + (𝑒 3𝑥 cos 2𝑥 )}𝑑𝑥
2
1 𝑒 3𝑥 (3 cos 6𝑥 + 6 sin 6𝑥 ) 𝑒 3𝑥 (3 cos 2𝑥 + 2 sin 2𝑥 )
= { + }+𝑐
2 32 + 62 32 + 22
𝑒 3𝑥 (3 cos 6𝑥 + 6 sin 6𝑥 ) 𝑒 3𝑥 (3 cos 2𝑥 + 2 sin 2𝑥 )
= + +𝑐
90 26

8. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(sin−1 𝑥 ) 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

−1
𝑥3 1 𝑥3
= (sin 𝑥) − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
3 √1 − 𝑥 2 3
 −1
𝑥 3 1 −𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑥
= (sin 𝑥) − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
3 3 √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 3 sin−1 𝑥 1 1 𝑥
= + ∫ 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
3 3 3 √1 − 𝑥 2
𝑥 3 sin−1 𝑥 1 2
1 1 −2𝑥
= − ∫(1 − 𝑥 )2 (−2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
3 6 6 √1 − 𝑥 2
3
3 −1 2 )2
𝑥 sin 𝑥 1 (1 − 𝑥 1
= − + 2 √1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
3 6 3 6
2
3
3 −1 (1 − 2 )2
𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑥 1
= − + √1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
3 9 3

Substitution methods

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⋯ (𝑖)

Let sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑧 ⇒ 𝑥 = sin 𝑧, then 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

Then from (i), we get

𝐼 = ∫(sin2 𝑧) 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

1
= ∫ 𝑧(2 sin2 𝑧) cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2
1
= ∫ 𝑧(1 − cos 2𝑧) cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2
1
= ∫{𝑧 cos 𝑧 − 𝑧(cos 2𝑧) cos 𝑧}𝑑𝑧
2
1 1
= ∫ 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 − ∫ 𝑧 (2 cos 2𝑧 cos 𝑧) 𝑑𝑧
2 4
1 1
= [𝑧 sin 𝑧 − 1(− cos 𝑧)] − ∫{𝑧 cos 3𝑧 + 𝑧 cos 𝑧}𝑑𝑧
2 4
 1
= (𝑧 sin 𝑧 + cos 𝑧)
2
1 sin 3𝑧 − cos 3𝑧
− [{𝑧 −1 } + {𝑧 sin 𝑧 − 1(− cos 𝑧)} ] + 𝑐
4 3 9
1 1
= (𝑧 sin 𝑧 + cos 𝑧) − (𝑧 sin 𝑧 + cos 𝑧)
2 4
1
− (3𝑧 sin 3𝑧 − cos 𝑧) + 𝑐
36
1 1
= (𝑧 sin 𝑧 + cos 𝑧) − (3𝑧 sin 3𝑧 − cos 𝑧) + 𝑐
4 36
1
= (𝑧 sin 𝑧 + √1 − sin2 𝑧)
4
1
− {3𝑧 (3 sin 𝑧 − 4 sin3 𝑧) − √1 − sin2 𝑧} + 𝑐
36
1 1 1 1
= 𝑧 sin 𝑧 + √1 − sin2 𝑧 − 𝑧 sin 𝑧 + 𝑧 sin3 𝑧
4 4 4 3
1
+ √1 − sin2 𝑧 + 𝑐
36
1 10
= 𝑧 sin3 𝑧 + √1 − sin2 𝑧 + 𝑐
3 36
1 5
= 𝑥 3 sin−1 𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
3 18

𝑥
9. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+cos 2𝑥
𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 + cos 2𝑥
𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 cos2 𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
 1
= [𝑥 tan 𝑥 − ∫{(1)(tan 𝑥 )}𝑑𝑥]
2
𝑥 tan 𝑥 1
= − ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝑥 tan 𝑥 1 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
= − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 2 sec 𝑥
𝑥 tan 𝑥 1
= − ln(sec 𝑥 ) + 𝑐
2 2

𝑥+sin 𝑥
10. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+cos 𝑥
𝑥 + sin 𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 + cos 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 + 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
=∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
2 cos2 ( )
2
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 sin ( ) cos ( )
=∫ 2 2
2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 cos ( ) 2 cos ( )
2 2
𝑥
1 𝑥 sin ( )
= ∫ 𝑥 sec 2 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
2 2 𝑥
cos ( )
2
𝑥 𝑥
1 tan ( ) tan ( )
= [𝑥 2 − ∫1 2 𝑑𝑥] + ∫ tan (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 1 1 2
2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= 𝑥 tan ( ) − ∫ tan ( ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ tan ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2
𝑥
= 𝑥 tan ( ) + 𝑐
2

ln(ln 𝑥)
11. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
 ln(ln 𝑥 )
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ⋯ (𝑖)
𝑥
1
Let ln 𝑥 = 𝑧, then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑧
𝑥

From (i), we get

𝐼 = ∫ ln 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

= ∫(ln 𝑧)1 𝑑𝑧

1
= (ln 𝑧)𝑧 − ∫ 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝑧
= 𝑧 ln 𝑧 − 𝑧 + 𝑐
= 𝑧(ln 𝑧 − 1) + 𝑐
= ln 𝑥 {ln(ln 𝑥 ) − 1} + 𝑐

𝑥 3 sin−1 𝑥
12. Evaluate the integral ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
(1−𝑥 2 )2

𝑥 3 sin−1 𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼=∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
(1 − 𝑥 2 )2
𝑥 3 sin−1 𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ⋯ (𝑖)
(1 − 𝑥 2 )√1 − 𝑥 2
1
Let sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑧, then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑧,
√1−𝑥 2

Again, 𝑥 = sin 𝑧
Then from (i), we get
sin3 𝑧 ∙ 𝑧
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑧
(1 − sin2 𝑧)
𝑧 sin 𝑧 (sin2 𝑧)
=∫ 𝑑𝑧
cos2 𝑧
 𝑧 sin 𝑧 (1 − cos2 𝑧)
=∫ 𝑑𝑧
cos2 𝑧
𝑧 sin 𝑧
=∫ 𝑑𝑧 − ∫ 𝑧 sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
cos 2 𝑧

= ∫ 𝑧 sec 𝑧 tan 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 − [𝑧(− cos 𝑧) − 1(− sin 𝑧)]

= 𝑧 sec 𝑧 − 1 ln(sec 𝑧 + tan 𝑧) + 𝑧 cos 𝑧 − sin 𝑧 + 𝑐

= 𝑧 sec 𝑧 − ln(sec 𝑧 + tan 𝑧) + 𝑧 cos 𝑧 − sin 𝑧 + 𝑐
 𝑥 = sin 𝑧 ⇒ 𝑧 = sin−1 𝑥
1 1
sec 𝑧 = 𝑥
√1 − 𝑥 2
𝑥 𝑧
tan 𝑧 =
√1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2

cos 𝑧 = √1 − 𝑥 2

sin−1 𝑥 1 𝑥
∴𝐼= − ln ( + )
√1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2
+√1 − 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐

13. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(tan−1 𝑥 ) 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

−1
𝑥3 1 𝑥3
= tan 𝑥∙ −∫ ∙ 𝑑𝑥
3 1 + 𝑥2 3
𝑥 3 tan−1 𝑥 1 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) − 𝑥
= − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
3 3 1 + 𝑥2
𝑥 3 tan−1 𝑥 1 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑥
= − ∫{ − } 𝑑𝑥
3 3 1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥2
𝑥 3 tan−1 𝑥 1 1 2𝑥
= − ∫ {𝑥 − } 𝑑𝑥
3 3 2 1 + 𝑥2
𝑥 3 tan−1 𝑥 1 𝑥 2 1
= − { − ln(1 + 𝑥 2 )} + 𝑐
3 3 2 2
 𝑥 3 tan−1 𝑥 1 2
= − {𝑥 − ln(1 + 𝑥 2 )} + 𝑐
3 6

14. Evaluate the integral ∫(ln 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫(ln 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(ln 𝑥 )2 (1) 𝑑𝑥

1
= (ln 𝑥 )2 𝑥 − ∫ (2 ln 𝑥 ∙ ) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

= 𝑥 (ln 𝑥 )2 − 2 ∫(ln 𝑥 )(1)𝑑𝑥

1
= 𝑥 (ln 𝑥 )2 − 2 [(ln 𝑥 )𝑥 − ∫ { ∙ 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]
𝑥
= 𝑥 (ln 𝑥 )2 − 2𝑥 ln 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝑐

−1
𝑒 tan 𝑥
15. Evaluate the integral ∫ (1+𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥
−1
𝑒 𝑚tan 𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ⋯ (𝑖)
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
Let tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑧 ⇒ 𝑥 = tan 𝑧, then 𝑑𝑥 = sec 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
Then from (i), we get
𝑒 𝑚𝑧
𝐼=∫ 2 2
sec 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
(1 + tan 𝑧)
𝑒 𝑚𝑧 sec 2 𝑧
=∫ 𝑑𝑧
sec 4 𝑧

= ∫ 𝑒 𝑚𝑧 cos 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑚𝑧 (2 cos2 𝑧) 𝑑𝑧
2
 1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑚𝑧 (1 + cos 2𝑧) 𝑑𝑧
2
1 1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑚𝑧 𝑑𝑧 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑚𝑧 cos 2𝑧 𝑑𝑧
2 2
1 𝑒 𝑚𝑧 1 𝑒 𝑚𝑧 (𝑚 cos 2𝑧 + 2 sin 2𝑧)
= + +𝑐
2 𝑚 2 √𝑚2 + 4
𝑒 𝑚𝑧 𝑒 𝑚𝑧 1 − tan2 𝑧 2 tan 𝑧
= + {𝑚 + 2 }+𝑐
2𝑚 2 √𝑚2 + 4 1 + tan2 𝑧 1 + tan2 𝑧

𝑚 tan−1 𝑥 1 − 𝑥2 𝑥
𝑒 𝑚 tan−1 𝑥 𝑒 {𝑚 2 +4 }
1+𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
= + +𝑐
2𝑚 2 √𝑚2 + 4
−1 𝑥 −1 𝑥
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑒 𝑚 tan (𝑚 − 𝑚𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 )
= + +𝑐
2𝑚 2 √𝑚2 + 4 (1 + 𝑥 2 )

ln 𝑥
16. Evaluate the integral ∫ (1+𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥

ln 𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑥 )3

= ∫(ln 𝑥 )(1 + 𝑥 )3 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
= (ln 𝑥 ) ∫(1 + 𝑥 )−3 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (ln 𝑥 ) ∫(1 + 𝑥 )−3 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑥 )−2 1 (1 + 𝑥 )−2
= ln 𝑥 − ∫{ } 𝑑𝑥
−2 𝑥 −2
ln 𝑥 1 1
=− + ∫ { } 𝑑𝑥 ⋯ (𝑖)
2(1 + 𝑥 )2 2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 )2

1 1 1 𝐴
Let = + +
𝑥(1+𝑥)2 𝑥(1+0)2 −1(1+𝑥)2 1+𝑥
 1 1 1 𝐴
⇒ = − + ⋯ (𝑖𝑖)
𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 )2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 )2 1 + 𝑥
⇒ 1 = (1 + 𝑥 )2 − 𝑥 + 𝐴𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 ) ⋯ (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
Now equating the coefficient of 𝑥 from equation (iii), then we get
0=2−1+𝐴
⇒ 𝐴 = −1
From (ii), we get
1 1 1 1
= − −
𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 )2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 )2 1 + 𝑥
Then from (ii), we get
ln 𝑥 1 1 1 1
𝐼=− + ∫ { − − } 𝑑𝑥
2 (1 + 𝑥 ) 2 2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 )2 1 + 𝑥
ln 𝑥 1 1
= + {ln 𝑥 − − ln(1 + 𝑥 )} + 𝑐
2(1 + 𝑥 )2 2 −(1 + 𝑥 )
ln 𝑥 1 𝑥 1
= + {ln ( ) + }+𝑐
2(1 + 𝑥 )2 2 1+𝑥 1+𝑥

𝑥
17. Evaluate the integral ∫ sin−1 √ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎+𝑥

𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 √ 𝑑𝑥 ⋯ (𝑖)
𝑎+𝑥
Let 𝑥 = 𝑎 tan2 𝑧, then 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑎 tan 𝑧 sec 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
Then from (i), we get

−1 √
𝑎 tan2 𝑧
𝐼 = ∫ {sin 2
} 2𝑎 tan 𝑧 sec 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝑎 + 𝑎 tan 𝑧

−1 √
𝑎 tan2 𝑧
= 2𝑎 ∫ {sin 2
} tan 𝑧 sec 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝑎(1 + tan 𝑧)
 −1
tan 𝑧
= 2𝑎 ∫ {sin ( )} tan 𝑧 sec 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
sec 𝑧

= 2𝑎 ∫{sin−1 (sin 𝑧)} tan 𝑧 sec 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

= 2𝑎 ∫ 𝑧 {tan 𝑧 sec 2 𝑧} 𝑑𝑧

𝑑
= 2𝑎 [𝑧 ∫(tan 𝑧 sec 2 𝑧)𝑑𝑧 − ∫ { (𝑧) ∫(tan 𝑧 sec 2 𝑧)𝑑𝑧} 𝑑𝑧]
𝑑𝑧

= 2𝑎 [𝑧 ∫{tan 𝑧 𝑑 (tan 𝑧)}𝑑𝑧 − ∫ {1 ∫(tan 𝑧 sec 2 𝑧)𝑑𝑧} 𝑑𝑧]

tan2 𝑧 tan2 𝑧
= 2𝑎 [𝑧 − ∫{ } 𝑑𝑧]
2 2

= 𝑎 [𝑧 tan2 𝑧 − ∫{sec 2 𝑧 − 1}𝑑𝑧]

= 𝑎[𝑧 tan2 𝑧 − {tan 𝑧 − 𝑧}] + 𝑐

= 𝑎[𝑧 tan2 𝑧 − tan 𝑧 + 𝑧] + 𝑐
= 𝑎𝑧{tan2 𝑧 + 1} − 𝑎 tan 𝑧 + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= {𝑎 tan−1 (√ )} ( + 1) − 𝑎 √ + 𝑐
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

−1 √
𝑥
( )
= 𝑥 + 𝑎 tan ( ) − √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑎

18. Evaluate the integral ∫ 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
= ∫ 𝑒 ln 3 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥∙ln 3 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 = ∫ 𝑒 (ln 3)𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑒 (ln 3)𝑥 {ln 3 ∙ cos 3𝑥 + 3 sin 3𝑥 }

=
(ln 3)2 + 32
𝑒 𝑥 ln 3 {ln 3 cos 3𝑥 + 3 sin 3𝑥 }
=
9 + (ln 3)2
𝑥
𝑒 ln 3 {ln 3 cos 3𝑥 + 3 sin 3𝑥 }
=
9 + (ln 3)2
3𝑥 {ln 3 cos 3𝑥 + 3 sin 3𝑥 }
=
9 + (ln 3)2

Note-1: Multiple of 𝑒 𝑥 is divided into two parts such that one part is the
differential coefficient of the other part.

∫ 𝑒 𝑥 {𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )}𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑐

1+sin 2𝑥
19. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1+cos 2𝑥

1 + sin 2𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 ⋯ (𝑖)
1 + cos 2𝑥
1
Let 2𝑥 = 𝑧, then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑧
2

Then from (i) we get,

1 1 + sin 𝑧
𝐼= ∫ 𝑒𝑧 ( ) 𝑑𝑧
2 1 + cos 𝑧
𝑧 𝑧
1 1 + 2 sin cos
= ∫ 𝑒𝑧 { 2 2} 𝑑𝑧
2 𝑧
2 cos2
2
 𝑧 𝑧
1 1 2 sin cos
= ∫ 𝑒𝑧 { 2 2} 𝑑𝑧
2 𝑧 + 𝑧
2
2 cos ( ) 2 cos2
2 2
1 1 𝑧 𝑧
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 { sec 2 ( ) + tan ( )} 𝑑𝑧
2 2 2 2
1 𝑧 𝑧
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 {tan ( ) + 𝑑 (tan )} 𝑑𝑧
2 2 2
1 𝑧 𝑧
= 𝑒 tan ( ) + 𝑐
2 2
1
= 𝑒 2𝑥 tan 𝑥 + 𝑐
2

1+𝑥 ln 𝑥
20. Evaluate the integral ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

1 + 𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝐼=∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 { + ln 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (ln 𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 {ln 𝑥 + 𝑑 (ln 𝑥 )}𝑑𝑥

= 𝑒 𝑥 ln 𝑥 + 𝑐

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.