BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÀ

TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH

WRITING PRACTICE

Thành viên nhóm:

Nguyễn Đắc Quang
Nguyễn Thắng Hậu
Đoàn Mộng Hoài
Mai Xuân Dũng
Lê Duy Phước
The diagram illustrates the functioning of an open cycle gas power generation system.
This system involves various components, namely fuel, combustor, exhaust gases,
compressor, gas turbine, turbine, electricity, generator, and intake air.
To begin with, the process starts with the fuel, which serves as the energy source. The
fuel is introduced into the combustor, where it undergoes combustion, resulting in the
release of high-temperature exhaust gases. These gases then enter the gas turbine, where
their energy is harnessed to drive the turbine.
Simultaneously, the compressor comes into play. It takes in the intake air and compresses
it, increasing its pressure. The compressed air is then directed into the gas turbine, where
it mixes with the exhaust gases. This mixture expands in the turbine, causing the turbine
blades to rotate.
The rotational motion of the turbine is transmitted to the generator, which converts this
mechanical energy into electricity. The generated electricity can then be distributed to
power various appliances, industries, and homes.
In summary, the open cycle gas power generation system utilizes the fuel combustion
process, exhaust gases, compressor, gas turbine, turbine, and generator to produce
electricity from the intake air. It is an efficient and widely used method for generating
electrical power.
The diagram depicts the operation of a nuclear power generation system. This system
involves several key components, including a reactor, coolant, heater, boiling water,
pump, heat exchanger, turbine, alternator, condenser, condensate water pump, and
circulating water pump.
Firstly, the process commences within the reactor, where nuclear fission occurs. This
results in the release of immense heat energy. The coolant, often in the form of water or
gas, circulates through the reactor to absorb this heat.
The heated coolant then flows into the heat exchanger, where it transfers its thermal
energy to a separate water loop. This water in the secondary loop is converted into high-
pressure steam. The high-pressure steam drives the turbine, causing it to rotate.
Connected to the turbine is an alternator, which converts the mechanical energy from the
rotating turbine into electrical energy. The generated electricity is then ready for
distribution and use.
After passing through the turbine, the steam is condensed back into water in the
condenser. The condensate water is then pumped back to the heat exchanger via the
condensate water pump, completing the cycle.
In addition to the coolant loop, a circulating water pump is employed to draw in cool
water from a nearby source, such as a river or ocean. This water circulates through the
condenser, absorbing the heat from the steam and subsequently being discharged back
into the external water source.
In summary, the nuclear power generation system utilizes a reactor, coolant, heater,
boiling water, pump, heat exchanger, turbine, alternator, condenser, condensate water
pump, and circulating water pump to convert nuclear energy into electricity. It is a
reliable and efficient method of producing large-scale electrical power.

The diagram illustrates the operation of a diesel power plant. This system comprises
several components, including a day tank, air filter, diesel engine, starting air tank, air
compressor, filter, fuel storage pump, lubricating oil tank, oil pump, silencer, jacket water
pump, fuel injection filter, oil pump, cooler, cooling tower, coolant, heat exchanger, and
raw water pump.
To begin with, the process starts with the day tank, which stores a supply of diesel fuel.
The fuel is then drawn from the day tank and passed through a fuel storage pump, which
pumps it to the required pressure for combustion.
Simultaneously, air is drawn into the system through an air filter. The air passes through
the air compressor, which increases its pressure. The high-pressure air is stored in the
starting air tank and is later used to start the diesel engine.
The diesel engine, fueled by the pressurized diesel from the fuel storage pump, combusts
the fuel to produce mechanical energy. This energy is then transmitted to the generator to
generate electricity.
During the operation of the diesel engine, lubricating oil is used to reduce friction and
maintain the engine's performance. The lubricating oil is stored in a lubricating oil tank
and circulated by an oil pump.
To minimize noise, a silencer is installed to dampen the sound produced by the exhaust
gases exiting the diesel engine.
The jacket water pump circulates coolant, typically water mixed with antifreeze, through
the engine to regulate its temperature. The heat generated by the engine is transferred to a
heat exchanger, where it is dissipated.
In order to cool the coolant, a cooling tower is used. The cooling tower facilitates the
transfer of heat from the coolant to the ambient air.
Additionally, a raw water pump draws water from an external source, such as a river or a
lake, and supplies it to the heat exchanger for cooling purposes.
In summary, a diesel power plant operates by utilizing components such as a day tank, air
filter, diesel engine, starting air tank, air compressor, fuel storage pump, lubricating oil
tank, oil pump, silencer, jacket water pump, fuel injection filter, oil pump, cooler, cooling
tower, coolant, heat exchanger, and raw water pump. It converts the combustion of diesel
fuel into mechanical energy, which is then converted into electricity by a generator. This
type of power plant is commonly used for backup power generation and in remote
locations.

The diagram depicts the functioning of a wind power plant. This type of power plant
harnesses the energy of wind to generate electricity. The key components involved in this
process include rotor blades, a gear box, nacelle, wind, generator, power cables, tower,
switchyard, and transformer.
To begin, the wind blows against the rotor blades. These blades are designed
aerodynamically to capture the maximum amount of wind energy. As the wind passes
through the blades, they start to rotate, converting the kinetic energy of the wind into
mechanical energy.
The mechanical energy is then transmitted to a gear box located within the nacelle. The
gear box increases the rotational speed of the rotor blades, optimizing the energy
conversion process.
Inside the nacelle, a generator is connected to the gear box. The rotational motion of the
blades is transferred to the generator, which converts the mechanical energy into
electrical energy.
The electrical energy generated by the generator is then transmitted through power
cables. These cables carry the electricity from the wind turbine to a central collection
point.
The wind power plant consists of multiple wind turbines, which are usually mounted on
tall towers. The towers provide the necessary height to capture the stronger and more
consistent wind currents found at higher altitudes.
The switchyard acts as a central hub, where the electricity from multiple wind turbines is
collected and combined. It serves as a connection point for the power cables and allows
for further transmission and distribution of the generated electricity.
Before the electricity is distributed to consumers, it undergoes a transformation process.
A transformer is used to adjust the voltage level of the electricity to facilitate efficient
transmission over long distances.
In summary, a wind power plant utilizes rotor blades, a gear box, nacelle, wind,
generator, power cables, tower, switchyard, and transformer to convert the kinetic energy
of wind into electrical energy. This renewable energy source is clean, sustainable, and
contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The diagram illustrates the functioning of a tidal power plant, which harnesses the energy
generated by the tidal movements of the ocean to generate electricity. The key
components involved in this process include high tide level, head height, low tide,
incoming tide, sluice gates, road, tidal barrage, turbine tunnel, and tidal basin.
The tidal power plant is typically constructed near a coastal area with a significant tidal
range. The difference in water levels between high tide and low tide is crucial for the
plant's operation.
The tidal barrage is a structure built across a bay or estuary. It consists of sluice gates that
can be opened or closed to control the water flow.
During high tide, the sluice gates are closed, trapping a large amount of water in the tidal
basin behind the barrage. As the tide begins to recede, the water level in the tidal basin
remains high.
At low tide, the sluice gates are opened, allowing the water in the tidal basin to flow back
to the sea. The water flows through the turbine tunnel, which contains turbines that are
driven by the incoming and outgoing tidal currents.
The head height, which is the vertical distance between the water levels on either side of
the barrage, creates a pressure difference that drives the turbines.
As the water passes through the turbine tunnel, it spins the turbines, which are connected
to generators. The rotational motion of the turbines is converted into electrical energy by
the generators.
The electricity generated by the turbines is then transmitted and distributed through
power lines for use by consumers.
The tidal power plant operates in a cyclical manner, taking advantage of the regular tidal
movements. As the tide changes from low tide to high tide and vice versa, the process of
water accumulation, release, and turbine operation repeats.
In summary, a tidal power plant utilizes the tidal movements of the ocean to generate
electricity. Components such as high tide level, head height, low tide, incoming tide,
sluice gates, road, tidal barrage, turbine tunnel, and tidal basin work together to capture
the energy of the tides and convert it into usable electrical energy. Tidal power is a
renewable energy source that is predictable and sustainable, contributing to a greener and
more diversified energy mix.