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Bowen University, Iwo College of Management and Social Sciences Fadipe Dayo BU21ACC1032 Gel 302 (Leadership Imperatives and Enquiry)

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Bowen University, Iwo College of Management and Social Sciences Fadipe Dayo BU21ACC1032 Gel 302 (Leadership Imperatives and Enquiry)

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Bowen University, Iwo College of Management and Social Sciences Fadipe Dayo BU21ACC1032 Gel 302 (Leadership Imperatives and Enquiry)

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BOWEN UNIVERSITY, IWO

COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES


FADIPE DAYO
BU21ACC1032
GEL 302 (LEADERSHIP IMPERATIVES AND ENQUIRY)

1. Discuss 4 ADR’s (Adverse Drug Reactions)

1. Allergic Reactions:
• Description: Allergic reactions occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly
identifies a drug as a harmful substance. Common symptoms include rash, itching, swelling, and in
severe cases, anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.
• Example: Penicillin allergy, which can range from mild skin reactions to severe
anaphylactic shock.
2. Gastrointestinal Reactions:
• Description: These involve the digestive tract and can manifest as nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, or constipation. They are commonly associated with antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and certain chemotherapy agents.
• Example: Aspirin-induced gastrointestinal bleeding, which can lead to serious
complications like ulcers and perforation.
3. Central Nervous System Reactions:
• Description: These reactions affect the brain and spinal cord, leading to symptoms such
as dizziness, headaches, sedation, confusion, or even seizures. They are often seen with drugs that cross
the blood-brain barrier.
• Example: Sedation and confusion caused by benzodiazepines, commonly prescribed for
anxiety or insomnia.
4. Hepatotoxicity:
• Description: Hepatotoxicity refers to liver damage caused by medications. Symptoms
can range from elevated liver enzymes to severe liver failure, depending on the extent of the damage.
• Example: Acetaminophen overdose, which is a leading cause of acute liver failure.

2. List the Various Leadership Styles

1. Autocratic Leadership:
• The leader makes decisions unilaterally, and authority is centralized. This style can be
effective in situations requiring quick decision-making but may stifle creativity and employee
engagement.
2. Democratic Leadership:
• Also known as participative leadership, this style involves team members in decision-
making processes. It fosters collaboration and can improve morale and productivity, although it may
slow down decision-making.
3. Transformational Leadership:
• Leaders inspire and motivate employees to exceed expectations by focusing on the
company’s vision and fostering an environment of intellectual stimulation and personal growth.
4. Transactional Leadership:
• Based on a system of rewards and penalties, this style focuses on the exchange between
the leader and followers, where compliance and performance are rewarded, and non-compliance is
punished.
5. Laissez-Faire Leadership:
• Leaders take a hands-off approach, allowing employees to make decisions and work
independently. This can lead to high creativity and innovation but may result in a lack of direction if not
managed properly.
3. Stress Types and Kinds

Stress Type of the Young Doctor:

• The young doctor is likely experiencing role strain and work-life balance stress. The
transition to a higher responsibility role as the CMD comes with increased administrative duties, longer
working hours, and greater pressure, which can impinge on personal life and social responsibilities.

Other Types of Stress:

1. Acute Stress:
• Short-term stress that arises from specific events or situations that are perceived as
threatening or challenging. This can be positive (eustress) or negative (distress).
2. Chronic Stress:
• Long-term stress resulting from ongoing situations such as a stressful job, ongoing
health problems, or financial difficulties. This can lead to significant health problems, including
cardiovascular diseases and mental health disorders.
3. Episodic Acute Stress:
• Frequent episodes of acute stress, often experienced by people who take on too many
responsibilities or have disorganized lives, leading to constant crisis situations.

4. List Various Stressors Common to Students of Bowen University

1. Academic Pressure:
• High expectations to perform well in exams and coursework, and competition among
peers.
2. Financial Stress:
• Concerns about tuition fees, accommodation costs, and other expenses.
3. Time Management:
• Balancing academic workload with extracurricular activities, part-time jobs, and social
life.
4. Social Stress:
• Navigating relationships with peers, dealing with homesickness, and adapting to a new
social environment.
5. Future Uncertainty:
• Anxiety about career prospects and job security after graduation.

5. Leaders are Born!!!, Leaders are Made!!! - Discuss

Viewpoint: Leaders are Made

While some individuals may have innate qualities that predispose them to leadership, the majority of
effective leadership skills are developed through experience, education, and practice. Here are key
points supporting this view:

1. Learning and Development:


• Leadership programs, mentorship, and continuous learning play crucial roles in shaping
effective leaders. Skills such as communication, decision-making, and strategic thinking are honed over
time.
2. Experience:
• Practical experience in various roles allows individuals to learn from their successes and
failures, gradually developing the competence and confidence required for leadership.
3. Adaptability:
• Effective leaders learn to adapt to changing circumstances and environments. This
flexibility and ability to innovate are often developed through exposure to diverse challenges and
situations.
4. Feedback and Improvement:
• Constructive feedback from peers, mentors, and subordinates helps individuals refine
their leadership approach. Reflecting on feedback and making necessary adjustments are critical
components of leadership development.

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