ana doliZe

akademiuri wera
samarTalSi

gamomcemloba `universali~
Tbilisi 2017
 sarCevi

Sesavali .................................................................................5
I. naSromis struqtura ..................................................11
II. samagistro da sadoqtoro naSromTa weris
Taviseburebebi..............................................................76
III. wyaros miTiTebis standartebi ...............................89
daskvna ...................................................................................108

4
I. naSromis struqtura

akademiur weraSi viyenebT, ZiriTadad, naSromis

or saxes – polemikurs da kvleviTs. polemikuri
naSromis mizania, daarwmunos mkiTxveli avtoris
poziciaSi da sakuTar azrze gadmoiyvanos is. po-
lemikur naSromSi avtoris pozicia Tavidanve
cnobilia. polemikuri naSromis magaliTebia: sar-
Celi, saCivari, memorandumi, sadebato sityva da
sapaeqro gamosvla; kvleviTi naSromis mizani ki
gansxvavebulia: kvleviTi naSromiT avtori siax-
les, codnas sZens mkiTxvels, gaweuli Sromis,
kvlevis Sedegad mopovebul codnas awodebs dain-
teresebul sazogadoebas. kvleviTi naSromis saxe-
ebia: moxseneba, angariSi, kvleva, sabakalavro naS-
romi, referati da sadoqtoro.
polemikur da kvleviT naSroms Soris sxvaobis
arsi avtoris poziciis sicxadeSia. polemikur naS-
romSi avtori Tavidanve ayalibebs Tavis pozicias,
gvamcnobs mas dasawyisSive da Semdeg argumentebiT
amyarebs mas. kvleviTi naSromi ki obieqturi sulis-
kveTebiT aris dawerili. misi avtori miukerZoebe-
lia da cdilobs, obieqturad, mopovebuli mtkice-
bulebebis meSveobiT, gamoxatos Tavisi pozicia.

11
argumentirebu- pozicia mizani
li naSromi

kremaciis Semo- mikerZoebuli daarwmunos

Rebis aucileb- mkiTxveli avto-
loba saqarTve- ris poziciaSi;
loSi sakuTar azrze
gadmoiyvanos
kvleviTi naS- obieqturi gaacnos mkiT-
romi xvels kvlevis
kremaciis lega- Sedegebi; Sema-
lizeba saqar- tos mas codna
TveloSi: prob-
lemebi da per-
speqtivebi

dasabuTeba orive saxis naSroms sWirdeba. mtkice-

bulebebis gareSe avtoris mosazrebas naklebi fa-
si aqvs. mas damajerebloba aklia, Tumca sxvaoba
mtkicebulebebis moyvanis xerxSia: polemikuri
naSromis mizania, moiyvanoT Tqveni poziciis sa-
sargeblo mtkicebulebebi da uaryoT Tqveni pozi-
ciis susti mxareebi; kvleviT naSromSi ki movipo-
vebT rac SeiZleba ufro myar mtkicebulebebs da
vaanalizebT maT ise, rom sabolood Cvens Tezisze
CamovyalibdeT. polemikuri naSromis werisas av-
tori advokatia, romelmac icis sakuTari pozicia
da cdilobs, daamtkicos igi; kvleviTi naSromis
werisas ki mosamarTle, romelic miukerZoeblad

12
akvirdeba mtkicebulebebs, dadebiTs da uaryo-
fiTs, raTa Sejerdes saboloo poziciaze, romel-
sac verdiqtis, anu Tezisis, Camoyalibebisas gamo-
acxadebs.
davalebis miRebisas dainteresdiT, ra tipis
naSroms iTxoven Tqvengan – naSroms, romelSic un-
da amtkicoT garkveuli mxaris simarTle, Tu naS-
roms, romelSic, rogorc obieqturi mosamarTle,
kvleviTi meTodebis gamoyenebiT cdilobT, daad-
ginoT, simarTle ra aris.

magaliTad:

Tu Tqvenma ufrosma samsaxurSi gTxovaT,

saswrafod dauweroT mas moxseneba marixuanis le-
galizaciis uaryofiTi mxareebis Sesaxeb, es dava-
leba polemikuri naSromis Seqmnas exeba; xolo Tu
Tqveni xelmZRvaneli gTxovT, dauweroT memoran-
dumi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoria samarTlebrivi ten-
denciebi msubuqi narkotikis legalizaciis Tao-
baze saqarTveloSi, es Txovna kvleviTi naSromis
warmodgenas iTvaliswinebs, sadac obieqturad,
Tqveni piradi poziciis dafiqsirebis gareSe, aR-
werT am tendenciebs.

es saxelmZRvanelo, ZiriTadad, exeba kvleviT

naSromebs, Tumca masSi gadmocemuli principebi,
13
magaliTad, rogori unda iyos Sesavali, weris sti-
li, Temidan sakiTxis dakonkreteba da ase Semdeg,
akademiuri werisaTvis universaluria, zogadad.

a. naSromis Sesavali

Sesavali aris naSromis savizito baraTi. Sesavlis

mixedviT adgens mkiTxveli, surs Tu ara, daxar-
jos dro, raTa waikiTxos mTliani naSromi. Sesaba-
misad, Zalian mniSvnelovania, Sesavali kargad war-
moadgendes naSromis Sinaarss da ganawyobdes
mkiTxvels mTliani naSromis wasakiTxad.
miuxedavad amisa, sagulisxmoa, rom Sesavlis
srulad dawera SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, ro-
desac daasruleT kvlevaze muSaoba da rodesac
ukve Camoyalibebuli gaqvT naSromis mTavari Te-
zisi, anu gaazrebuli gaqvT is wvlili, romelic
SegaqvT mecnierebaSi. am etapze SeZlebT Sesavlis
srulad da saboloo formiT Camoyalibebas. Tum-
ca aucilebelia, scadoT Sesavlis nawilis Camoya-
libeba naSromis werilis paralelurad da perio-
dulad ganaaxloT igi, vinaidan es saSualebas mog-
cemT, scadoT kvlevis Sinaarsisa da miznis mok-
led da gasagebad dawera. Tu kvlevis miznis, Tezi-
sisa da mniSvnelobis mokled da naTlad Camoyali-
beba girTuldebaT, es SeiZleba iyos maniSnebeli

14
imisa, rom Tqveni kvlevis mizani da mniSvneloba
cxadi da gasagebi ar aris da am mxriv naazrevisa da
kvlevis daxvewaa kidev saWiro.
pirvel rigSi, davfiqrdeT Sesavlis arsze. Se-
savlis mizani aris, mkiTxvels misces saSualeba,
drois mokle monakveTSi gaecnos kvleviTi naSro-
mis arss. Sesavali mkiTxvels aZlevs SesaZleblo-
bas, gaigos, ras exeba Tqveni kvleva, ra ambiciebi
gaqvT, anu ra wvlili SegaqvT mecnierebaSi.
Sesabamisad, Sesavali avtorma unda gamoiye-
nos rogorc saSualeba, warmoaCinos kvlevis sau-
keTeso mxare da is siaxle, romelsac mkiTxvels
sTavazobs. metaforulad rom vTqvaT: rodesac
Sori perspeqtividan tyes vuyurebT, Cans xeTa er-
Toblioba farTo Tvalsawieridan, Cans tyis kon-
turebi, sazRvrebi, Seferiloba. swored am fun-
qcias asrulebs naSromis Sesavali, romelic mkiT-
xvels myisierad acnobs kvlevas da STabeWdilebas
utovebs naSromis Sesaxeb; xolo rodesac viwyebT
ukve naSromis kiTxvas, vecnobiT mis ZiriTad na-
wils, yuradRebas vaqcevT sqolioebs, – es ukve Ta-
vad tyeSi Sesvlas hgavs. Cveni Sexeduleba icvle-
ba, rodesac ukve tyeSi aRmovCndebiT da SevZlebT
TiToeuli xisaTvis Tvalis Sevlebas.
Sesavals aqvs Camoyalibebuli struqtura.
mkiTxvelsac aqvs garkveuli molodinebi naSromis

15
SesavalTan mimarTebiT. Tumca Sesavlis konkre-
tuli konturebi Tavad avtoris gadasawyvetia da
damokidebulia kvleviTi naSromis formaze: avto-
ri amzadebs disertacias, samagistro naSroms Tu
kvlevas samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebis
farglebSi. amerikul da evropul inglisurenovan
humanitarul da socialur mecnierebaTa gamoce-
mebSi samecniero statia, ZiriTadad, 10-12 aTasi
sityvis farglebSia, xolo Sesavali 2-3 aTasi sit-
yvis farglebSi. konkretuli sazRvrebis dadgena,
ra Tqma unda, avtorisa da redaqtoris xelTaa,
romelTa Sexedulebis mixedviT SeiZleba Sesavlis
ganvrcoba an Semcireba.
Sesavali Sedgeba ramdenime nawilisagan – igi
iwyeba qudiT. qudi aris Sesavlis zogadi nawili,
romelic zogadad gadmoscems gansaxilveli prob-
lemis an Temis arss. avtori qudSi xsnis, Tu ra ti-
pis problemis, fenomenis kvlevas eTmoba Tqveni
Sroma da ra tipis samecniero kamaTSi monawile-
obs. qudi, Sesabamisad, SeiZleba pasuxobdes Semdeg
kiTxvebs:
– ra fenomens/problemas eZRvneba Cemi kvle-
va?
– rogori samecniero kamaTi arsebobs am fe-
nomenTan dakavSirebiT?
– ramdenad didi/seriozulia es problema an
movlena?
16
 – ratom aris am problemis/fenomenis Seswav-
la mniSvnelovani?

magaliTad:

„nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos instituts didi

yuradReba eTmoba rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise mra-
val sxva qveyanaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom es insti-
tuti inglisSi, saerTo samarTlis wiaRSi warmoiS-
va, dRes igi sxvadasxva formiT msoflios bevr,
rogorc saerTo, ise kontinenturi samarTlis,
qveyanaSi moqmedebs. magaliTad, nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlo axlaxan miiRes iseT qveynebSi, rogo-
rebicaa: iaponia, samxreT korea da yirgizeTi. na-
fic msajulTa sasamarTlos saqarTvelos samar-
Tlebriv sivrceSi damkvidrebas didi yuradReba
eqceva rogorc iuridiul wreebSi, ise farTo sa-
zogadoebaSi da xdeba marTlmsajulebis aRsru-
lebis am formis avkargianobisa da saqarTveloSi
misi moqmedebis warmatebulobis ganxilva.“ 5

5a. doliZe, nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saqarTveloSi da

misi Sesabamisoba adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvencias-
Tan, adamianis uflebebi da samarTlis uzenaesoba, red. k.
korkelia, Tb., 2013, 43.
17
 „kanonSemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba parlamentis
erT-erTi umTavresi funqciaa. swored qveynis Zi-
riTadi kanoniT miniWebuli es uflebamosileba
ganapirobebs mis centralur adgils saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis organoTa sistemaSi. kanonSemoqme-
debiTi saqmianoba, rogorc parlamentis ZiriTadi
funqcia, kidev ufro did datvirTvas iZens orpa-
latian parlamentSi. bikameraluri parlamentis
erT-erT dadebiT mxared swored daxvewil da Se-
darebiT ufro srulyofil kanonSemoqmedebiT
saqmianobas asaxeleben, sadac gaTvaliswinebulia
maqsimalurad yvela politikuri, socialuri, eT-
nikuri Tu saxelmwifoSi arsebuli kidev sxva jgu-
fis interesebi.“ aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom medlis
am dadebiT mxares SesaZlebelia, Tan axldes meore
mxare, romelic mis uaryofiT maxasiaTeblad gani-
xileba da is dakavSirebulia SedarebiT ufro xan-
grZliv procedurebTan.
miRebis dRidan saqarTvelos konstituciaSi
araerTi mcire xasiaTis cvlileba Tu farTomas-
Stabiani reforma iqna ganxorcielebuli, Tumca
arcerTi maTgani Sexebia konstituciis me-4 muxls,
romelic saqarTvelos parlamentis bikameralu-
ri, anu orpalatiani, sistemis deklarirebas ax-
dens. samwuxarod, dRemde saqarTveloSi ver dadga
am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli ,,Sesabamisi pirobe-
bi“, rac parlamentSi erTi palatis nacvlad, ori
18
palatis – respublikis sabWosa da senatis – Seq-
mnis safuZveli gaxdeboda.“ 6

qudi SesavalSi ise unda iyos Camoyalibebuli,

rom mkiTxvels, romelic ar aris eqsperti gansa-
xilvel sakiTxSi, mieces saSualeba, zogadi war-
modgena Seeqmnas imaze, Tu ratom aris saWiro am
Temaze kvlevis warmoeba.
xSirad qudSi mohyavT zogadi msjeloba ama
Tu im problemisa da sakiTxis mniSvnelobaze. yu-
radReba unda mivaqcioT imas, rom qudSi moyvani-
li winadadebebi dasabuTebuli iyos Sesabamisi
wyaros miTiTebiT. vinaidan swored qudidan iwyeba
naSromis xarisxze STabeWdilebis Seqmna, sasurve-
lia, pirvelive sqolio STambeWdavi iyos da aCve-
nebdes avtoris mier gamokvleuli literaturis
siRrmes.

magaliTad:

`samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi, warmoSobili ada-

mianis sicocxleSi, misi gardacvalebis Semdeg uk-
valod ar qreba.~ (CikvaSvili S., memkvidreobis sa-
marTali, Tbilisi, 2000, 6.) `piris gardacvalebiT
faqtobrivad wydeba yvela is urTierToba, romle-

6z. maWaraZe, sakanonmdeblo procesi sazRvargareTis qvey-

nebis bikameralur parlamentebSi, sarCevi, 1-2, Tb., 2012, 154.
19
bic mas akavSirebda sxva pirebTan da TviT qonebas-
Tan, magram iuridiulad qonebrivi uflebebi ar
wydeba.~) (Sengelia r., memkvidreobis samarTali,
2011, 9.) `ufleba-movaleobaTa gadasvlas gardac-
vlilis memkvidreebze ewodeba memkvidreoba.~
(CikvaSvili S., dasax. naSromi, 6.), xolo `memkvidre-
obis samarTali im normaTa erTobliobaa, rome-
lic gardacvlili piris qonebis sxva pirebze ga-
dasvlasTan dakavSirebul urTierTobas areguli-
rebs.~ (Sengelia r., dasax. naSromi, 10.) 7

es teqsti memkvidreobis CamorTmevis sakiT-

xze samecniero statiis pirvelive abzacia. am mo-
nakveTSi naTlad ar aris Camoyalibebuli is sfe-
ro, viTareba an problema, romelsac avtori sta-
tiaSi exeba. igi citirebebis nakrebia, sadac ar
Cans avtoris azri, avtoris azris mimdinareoba
zogadi Temidan im konkretuli sakiTxisaken, ro-
melsac avtori statiaSi ganixilavs. miuxedavad
imisa, rom erTi citata qudis gaxsniT winadadeba-
Si misaRebia, rogorc saSualeba, raTa gavacoc-
xloT Sesavlis qudis Sinaarsi, ufro saintereso
gavxadoT is, rodesac mTeli abzaci sxvadasxva ci-

7g. abduSeliSvili, memkvidreobis CamorTmevasTan dakavSi-

rebuli bundovani sakanonmdeblo regulaciebi saqarTve-
los samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT, studenturi samar-
Tlebrivi Jurnali, 2014, 6.
20
tatis naerTia, es piriqiT, abnevs mkiTxvels avto-
ris naTeli da mkafio mosazrebis ZebnaSi.
Sesavlis Semdegi nawilia Tezisi. Tezisi aris
kvlevis safuZvelTa safuZveli da swored is nawi-
li, riTac Tqveni kvleva amdidrebs codnas. Tezisi
aris mokled da naTlad Camoyalibebuli winadadeba
an abzaci Tqveni kvlevis mTavari miRwevisa da argu-
mentis Sesaxeb. warmoidgineT, rom liftSi moxvdiT
kolegasTan erTad, romelmac gkiTxaT, Tu ras exeba
Tqveni kvleva. swored kargad gamarTuli Tezisi mo-
gexmarebaT imaSi, rom Zalian mokle drois ganmav-
lobaSi axsnaT, ras moicavs Tqveni kvlevis wvlili.
maSasadame, Tezisi unda pasuxobdes Semdeg
kiTxvebs:
– naSromis Sedegad ras aRmovaCen iseTs, rac
ar vicodi?
– raime axali tipis interpretacia xom ar
SemogvTavaze, riTac axleburad gavigebT
raime fenomens?
– rogor Secvlis Tqveni naSromi samecniero
kamaTs?
– raime araswor gagebas xom ar mohfineT na-
Teli?
– ratom aris Tqveni Tezisi mniSvnelovani?
– ras Secvlis is Cvens qmedebaSi an azrovne-
baSi?

21
 – azrovnebis raime axali instrumentebi an
midgoma xom ar mogifiqrebiaT?

gTavazobT magaliTs, romelic mxolod nawilob-

riv akmayofilebs am moTxovnebs:

winamdebare naSromSi Sevecdebi, warmovaCino mem-

kvidreobis arsi, misi CamorTmevis safuZvlebi da
samarTlebrivi Sedegebi memkvidreobaCamorTmeuli
piris mimarT; aseve yuradRebas gavamaxvileb im bun-
dovan normebze saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi,
romlebic aregulirebs aRniSnul sakiTxebs da
mkiTxvels maTi mowesrigebis gzas SevTavazeb.8

Sesavlis es adgili swored Tezisia, Tumca is

mxolod nawilobriv aris damakmayofilebeli. am
saxiT is warmoadgens mxolod imas, Tu ras apirebs
avtori da ar gviCvenebs naSromis ZiriTad miRwe-
vas: konkretul problematikas memkvidreobis
bundovanebaSi da misi gadawyvetis gzebs. Sesabami-
sad, mkiTxvels mouwevs mTeli naSromis wakiTxva,
raTa gaarkvios, konkretulad ra problematikas
Seexo avtori da misi gadaWris rogori gzebi Se-
mogvTavaza. ufro daxvewili Tezisi naSromis am
wvlils Tavidanve mokled warmoaCenda. memkvidre-
obis arsi da misi CamorTmevis safuZvlebi, is sa-

8 sqolio supra 7, 6.
22
kiTxebi, rasac statia nawilobriv Seexeba da Te-
zisSic axsenebs, ukve Zalian kargad da bevrjer ga-
mokvleuli sakiTxebia. Sesabamisad, am sferoSi av-
tors SeuZlia, mxolod enciklopediuri mimoxil-
va gaakeTos ZiriTadi nawilis dasawyisSi, rac ver
iqneba am samecniero statiis mTavari wvlili da
Senatani. TezisSi ki avtorma swored im mxareebs
unda gausvas xazi, rac sakuTaria, rac misi inte-
leqtualuri Sromis Sedegi da miRwevaa.

magaliTad:

„winamdebare statiis mizania, gaaanalizos nafic

msajulTa sasamarTlos instituti im saxiT, ro-
gorc is dRes moqmedebs saqarTveloSi. statia
mkiTxvels sTavazobs msjelobas am institutis Se-
sabamisobaze adamianis uflebaTa evropul konven-
ciasTan. am mxriv statiaSi yuradReba gamaxvilde-
ba msajulTa institutis erT aspeqtze, rogori-
caa msajulTa mier gamotanili ganaCenis dasabu-
Tebuloba, vinaidan swored es gaxda evropuli sa-
samarTlosaTvis ganxilvis sagani. miuxedavad imi-
sa, rom msajulTa instituti damkvidrebulia ev-
ropis sabWos mraval qveyanaSi, evropuli sasamar-
Tlos precedentuli samarTlis mimoxilva adas-
turebs, rom SeiZleba am procesis zogierTi aspeq-
ti SeusabamobaSi iyos adamianis uflebaTa evro-

23
puli konvenciiT uzrunveyofil samarTlian sasa-
marTlo ganxilvis uflebasTan.“ 9
saqarTvelos prezidentis statusisa da Se-
sabamisi uflebamosilebebis ganmsazRvreli nor-
mebis kidev erTxel SecvlasTan erTad, ukve daisva
misi arCevis wesis Secvlis sakiTxic. sazogadod,
mmarTvelobis sistemasa da prezidentis arCevis
wess Soris kavSiri arsebiTia. amasTan dakavSire-
biT, ori ZiriTadi TvalTaxedvaa gamokveTili:
pirveli, prezidentis uflebamosilebaTa da, Se-
sabamisad, mmarTvelobis sistemis sazomad ganixi-
leba misi arCevis wesi; meore, arCevis wesi ganisaz-
Rvreba mmarTvelobis sistemaSi misi rolisa da
uflebamosilebebis proporciulad. vfiqrobT,
prezidentis arCevis wesi, namdvilad, missave uf-
lebriv mdgomareobasTan mimarTebiT proporciu-
lad da Sesatyvisad unda iqnes ganxiluli, radga-
nac vTvliT, rom arCevis wesi zustad uflebamosi-
lebaTa ganawilebiT miRebuli mmarTvelobis sis-
temidan warmoqmnili niSania da ara Tavad ganmsaz-
Rvreli.10

Sesavlis Semdegi nawilia meTodi. meTodi

aris samecniero kvlevis is saSualeba (an saSuale-

9sqolio supra 5, 46.

10z. jibRaSvili, mosazrebebi prezidentis arCevis wesis cvli-
lebasTan dakavSirebiT, statia inaxeba avtorTan, 2017, 1.
24
bani), riTac midixarT kvlevis Sedegebamde. meta-
forulad rom vTqvaT, meTodi aris is gza, romli-
Tac midixarT daniSnulebis adgilamde. Tu swo-
rad ar airCieT gza, daniSnulebis adgilamde ver
moaxerxebT misvlas. umaRles saswavleblebSi
calke iswavleba samecniero kvlevis meTodebi da,
Sesabamisad, didi dros ar davxarjav aq meTodis
raobis axsnaze. Tumca mniSvnelovania, rom Sesa-
valSi kargad iyos axsnili Tqven mier arCeuli me-
Todi. magaliTad, Tu empiriul kvlevas akeTebT,
mniSvnelovania, mkiTxvels auxsnaT, ratom aarCieT
Sesaswavli erTeulebis raodenoba, rogor SearCi-
eT gamosakiTxi pirebi interviuirebisaTvis da a.S.
miuTiTeT, ra tipis wyaroebs eyrdnobiT da ra sa-
SualebebiT moiZieT es wyaroebi. kvlevis meTodma
unda gauZlos yvelaze mwvave kritikas, raTa mkiT-
xvels Tqveni kvlevis Sedegebis namdvilobaSi eWvi
ar Seeparos.
warmovidginoT, rom meTodi aris is gza, rome-
lic gaiareT dasaxuli Sedegis misaRwevad. zogi-
erTisaTvis es gza arcTu ise damRleli da rTuli
iqneba. SeiZleba, Tqveni naSromisaTvis mxolod in-
ternetSi arsebuli wyaroebi gamoiyenoT. am Sem-
TxvevaSi, mkiTxvelisaTvis asaxsneli bevri arafe-
ria. Tumca SesaZlebelia, rom bevrad meti gaake-
ToT imisaTvis, raTa naSromi marTlac originalu-

25
ri da gansxvavebuli iyos: kvlevebi arqivSi dacul
masalebSi, interviuebi mosamarTleebTan an, Tun-
dac, mediis mier gaSuqebuli informaciis siste-
muri damuSaveba. Tu Tqven mier ganvlili gza imsa-
xurebs yuradRebas da saintereso SeiZleba iyos
mkiTxvelisaTvis, maSin Rirs misi aRwera meTodis
ganyofilebaSi.
gvaxsovdes, rom axsna imisa, Tu rogor vake-
TebT mtkicebulebaTa analizs, Tavsdeba meTodis
ganyofilebaSi. meTodis ganyofilebaSi vuxsniT
mkiTxvels, ra saSualebebiT vaanalizebT mtkice-
bulebebs, ra mtkicebulebebs veyrdnobiT da ra-
tom.
meTodis axsnas SeiZleba mieZRvnas mTeli Tavi
im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu Tqven mier SerCeuli meTo-
di rTulia, an mraval safexurs moicavs. maSasada-
me, meTodis axsnas vrceli adgili eTmoba samagis-
tro naSromsa Tu disertaciaSi. meTodis aRniSvna
miT ufro Rirs, rac ufro axali da originaluria
is, an rac ufro meti Sroma Caido meTodis mixed-
viT kvlevaSi. magaliTad, Tu gardamavali mar-
Tlmsajulebis kvlevisaTvis dagWirdaT mosamar-
TleTa SerCeva, interviuireba, interviuebis Sede-
gebis damuSaveba – am meTodis Sesaxeb aucileblad
unda iTqvas kvlevaSi, vinaidan sirTulisa da Sro-
matevadobis gamo igi gansakuTrebulad aRniSvnis

26
Rirsi namdvilad aris, xolo ufro mcire zomis
naSromSi, narkvevSi, eseSi an samecniero statiaSi
misi xseneba mokled SesavalSive SeiZleba.
Tqveni kvlevis mizania, ara mxolod naTeli
mohfinos erT konkretul problemas an fenomens,
aramed gza gauxsnas momaval kvlevebs momijnave
Temebze. yvelaze warmatebuli mecnierebi arian
isini, romlebmac ara mxolod mniSvnelovani sa-
mecniero wvlili Seitanes raime sakiTxSi, aramed
safuZveli daudes samecniero skolebs da gauC-
ndaT mimdevrebi, romlebic agrZeleben momijnave
sakiTxebze muSaobas. rodesac kvlevis momaval Se-
saZleblobebze vsaubrobT, saubari maqvs swored
im kvlevebze, romlebic Tqven mier SemoTavazebu-
li codnis Semdeg Seiqmneba.
Sesabamisad, Sesavlis boloSi mniSvnelovania
saubari im SesaZleblobebze, romlebic Tqvenma
kvlevam Seqmna. gvaxsovdes, kvlevis mizani ar aris,
daamtkicoT, rom Tqven marTali xarT. kvleva ar
aris sarCeli, sadac auditorias Tqveni poziciis
simarTle unda auxsnaT. kvlevis mizania, ufro me-
ti adamianisTvis gaxadoT xelmisawvdomi codna
garkveuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, am ganyo-
filebaSi, romelsac pirobiTad „momavlis per-
speqtivebs“ vuwodeb, mniSvnelovania, Semdeg kiT-
xvebs gaeces pasuxi:

27
 – ra sakiTxi rCeba daudgeneli da auxsneli
TqvenTvis?
– kvlevis romeli axali SesaZleblobebi Se-
iqmna Tqveni naSromis Sedegad?
– momavalma mkvlevrebma, Tqveni kvlevidan
gamomdinare, romeli sakiTxebi SeiZleba
aitacon da ganaviTaron?

saukeTeso naSroms Cveulebrivi naSromisagan ga-

movarCevT azrovnebis kidev ufro maRali doniT,
romelic gamoixateba sakuTari naSromis susti
mxaris danaxviTa da kritikis prevenciiT. rodesac
avtori Tavad cnobs da amJRavnebs sakuTar Zlier
da sust mxareebs, avtoris aseTi midgoma aCvenebs,
rom mas gaazrebuli aqvs is sakiTxebi, romlebic
momavalma mkvlevrebma SeiZleba warmoaCinon misi
kvlevidan. aseTi midgoma aseve ganaiaraRebs kri-
tikosebs, romelTa SesaZlo kritikas avtori Ta-
vadve gamoxatavs da pasuxobs. Sesabamisad, am etap-
ze naSromi unda pasuxobdes kiTxvebs:
– rogor SeiZleba gipasuxon maT, vis mosaz-
rebasac Tqven ar daeTanxmeT da vis pozi-
ciasac Tqveni naSromiT gadauxvieT?
– da rogor upasuxebT am SesaZlo kritikas?

28
magaliTad:

„saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis analizis safuZ-

velze, gansakuTrebiT ki mosamarTlis ganmarte-
bebTan dakavSirebul normebze dayrdnobiT, saqar-
Tvelos nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo sistema zo-
gadad Seesabameba evropuli konvenciis moTxovnebs
gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebulobis Sesaxeb. miuxe-
davad amisa, ramdenime sakiTxi gansakuTrebul yu-
radRebas saWiroebs. am sakiTxTa Sorisaa mosamar-
TleTa instruqciebis Sinaarsi da msajulTaTvis
saproceso SeTanxmebis gamJRavnebis moTxovna. vi-
naidan dReisaTvis nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos
monawileobiT warmarTuli procesebis CamonaTva-
li sakmaod mwiria, cxadia, rom am mxriv praqtikis
ganviTareba saintereso safuZvels Seqmnis am Tema-
ze diskusiis gagrZelebisaTvis.“ 11

mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom SesaZlebelia,

bevri ram, risi Tqmac SesavalSi gvsurda, adgilis
simciris gamo ver SevZloT. es gansakuTrebiT exe-
ba kvlevis mniSvnelobis axsnas. Sesabamisad, SesaZ-
lebelia, es sakiTxebi SemovinaxoT daskvnisaTvis,
sadac kvlevis wvlils kidev erTxel SevaxsenebT
mkiTxvels. amave dros, SeiZleba dasavleTSi dam-
kvidrebuli xerxis gamoyeneba, rodesac avtori

11 sqolio supra 5, 47.

29
teqstSive miuTiTebs, rom dro da sivrce ar iZle-
va saSualebas, an kidev, kvlevis daniSnulebis far-
glebs scdeba garkveuli sakiTxis gamokvleva. ase-
Ti miTiTebis dros SesaZlebelia am sakiTxis mxo-
lod erTi winadadebiT aRniSvna, raTa sxva moma-
val mkvlevarT mieceT momavalSi am sakiTxebis
ganviTarebis saSualeba.
kvlevis Sesavali nawili mTavrdeba gzamkvle-
viT. gzamkvlevis daniSnulebaa, winaswar moamza-
dos mkiTxveli kvlevis SinaarsisaTvis da saSua-
leba misces, Tavad airCios, kvlevis ra nawilze ga-
amaxvilebs yuradRebas. gzamkvlevs rukis daniSnu-
leba aqvs. is mkiTxvels winaswar aCvenebs, kvlevis
romeli nawili aqvs daTmobili garkveul sakiTxs.
gzamkvlevi ajamebs TiToeuli Tavis an ganyofi-
lebis Sinaarss.

magaliTad:

„statiis meore TavSi gaanalizebulia nafic

msajulTa instituti, raTa mkiTxvelisaTvis naTe-
li moefinos im pirobebs, romelTa safuZvelzec
warmoiSva da gavrcelda es instituti. amave TavSi
mocemulia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos saqar-
TveloSi pirvelad SemoRebis mokle istoria da is
socialuri, politikuri da samarTlebrivi wanam-
ZRvrebi, romlebmac am institutis saqarTveloSi
SemoRebas Seuwyo xeli.
30
 statiis mesame TavSi gadmocemulia msajulTa
institutis SemoRebis meore mcdeloba, romelic
2004 wels ganxorcielda. aqve miTiTebulia is Ta-
viseburebebi, romlebic am instituts saqarTve-
loSi axasiaTebs.
meoTxe Tavi eTmoba nafic msajulTa sasamar-
Tlos mimarT adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasa-
marTlos damokidebulebas, aRwerilia evropuli
sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali am insti-
tutis evropul konvenciasTan Sesabamisobis
TvalsazrisiT.
mexuTe TavSi asaxulia analizi saqarTvelos
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos institutis evro-
pul konvenciasTan Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb. bolos,
gakeTebulia ramdenime daskvna da gamoTqmulia
rekomendaciebi.“ 12

b. ZiriTadi nawilis struqtura

es qveTavi exeba kvleviTi naSromis ZiriTadi nawi-

lis struqturas. ZiriTadi nawili aris naSromis
xerxemali. is moicavs naSromis wvlils mecniere-
baSi. ZiriTad nawils aqvs Tavisi struqtura. mka-
fio struqtura mniSvnelovania, vinaidan ZiriTa-
di nawili moicavs didi raodenobiT informacias.
Tu informacia ar iqneba cxadad, TanmimdevrobiT

12 sqolio supra 5, 49.

31
dalagebuli, mkiTxvels gauWirdeba misi aRqma. Se-
sabamisad, am informaciis daxarisxeba da kargad
organizeba aucilebelia. aq moyvanili ZiriTadi
nawilis sxvadasxva sakiTxi tradiciulad axasia-
Tebs kvleviT naSromebs, iqneba es ese, samagistro
naSromi Tu disertacia.

1. sakiTxis istoria/cnebebi/konteqsti

ZiriTadi nawili iwyeba sakiTxis istoriisa da kon-

teqstis mimoxilviT. is SeiZleba, daeTmos prob-
lemis daxasiaTebasac. mniSvnelovania, kvlevis sa-
kiTxisa da Cveni wvlilis dawvrilebiT axsnamde
mkiTxvels mivawodoT sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli
informacia da konteqsti. am etapze unda davsvaT
kiTxvebi:
– ra unda icodes mkiTxvelma, rom saTana-
dod gaigos Cemi kvlevis mniSvneloba da
Sedegi?
– ra informacia unda mivawodo mkiTxvels,
rom Sesabamisad Seafasos Cemi kvlevis miR-
wevebi?
– am ZiriTadi nawilis kiTxvisas ra codna un-
da hqondes mkiTxvels, raTa gaerkves Tqveni
sakiTxis mniSvnelobaSi da Tqveni mtkicebu-
lebebis Sedegad axals ras miageniT?

32
werT, aucileblad dagWirdebaT axsna imisa, Tu vin
miiRo es norma, rodis miiRo, ra politikur-isto-
riul konteqstSi iqna es norma miRebuli da a.S.
Tu Tqven iyenebT raime cnebebs, aucileblad dag-
WirdebaT gamoyenebul cnebaTa ganmartebebi.
aqve SeiZleba gadmoices sakiTxis konteqsti.
konteqsti – es aris socialur-ekonomikuri, kul-
turuli da politikuri viTareba, romlis far-
glebSic unda gaaanalizos mkiTxvelma Tqven mier
SemoTavazebuli sakiTxi. rodesac mkiTxveli ga-
ecnoba konteqsts, mas ecodineba, Tu rogor rea-
lobaSi axdens avtori kvlevas. konteqsti aris
farTo cneba da problemis warmoSobis istoria-
sac moicavs. ar unda dagaviwydeT, rom Tqveni
kvleva da kvlevis Sedegebi abstraqtulad ar ixi-
leba – is gaanalizdeba konkretul realobasTan
mimarTebiT. konteqsti aris erTgvari foni, rome-
lic Tqven mier SemoTavazebuli sakiTxis garSemo
aris. magaliTad, Tqven werT kvlevas saqarTvelo-
Si organoebiT vaWrobis daSvebis mizanSewonilo-
bis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxis konteqstSi mniSvnelovania
aRiniSnos saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
done, siRaribis done, aseve organoTa gadanergvis
rigSi myof pacientTa raodenoba. sakiTxis gare-
mopirobebis aseTi aRwera mkiTxvels miscems saSu-
alebas, ukeT gaiazros organoTa vaWrobis daSve-
bis mizanSewoniloba.
41
2. literaturis mimoxilva

literaturis mimoxilva mniSvnelovania, vinaidan

swored literaturis mimoxilvis procesSi gviya-
libdeba Cven warmodgena im kiTxvebze, romelTac
unda gavceT pasuxi. studentebs xSirad aqvT weri-
saTvis saintereso sakiTxis povnis problema.
umaRles saswavlebelSi swavlis dasawyisSi xdeba
gamomuSaveba unar-Cvevisa, aRmoaCino kvlevisaT-
vis saintereso sakiTxi, romelic, amave dros, mec-
nierulad amowuruli ar aris da tovebs saSuale-
bas, avtorma masze raime saintereso Tqvas. swored
am Cvevis gamomuSavebaSi gvexmareba literaturis
mimoxilva.
am etapisTvis aucilebelia, erTmaneTisagan
ganvasxvaoT naSromis Tema da sakiTxi. naSromis
Tema aris zogadi sfero, romelic avtors ainte-
resebs. Tema avtorisTvis mniSvnelovania sxvadas-
xva mizezis gamo da am Temis farglebSi avtors Se-
uZlia, enTuziazmiT ganagrZos wera. xolo naSro-
mis sakiTxi aris is konkretuli, SedarebiT viwro
kiTxva, romelic avtorma SearCia Temis farglebSi
da romelsac man naSromis meSveobiT unda gasces
pasuxi. magaliTad, naSromis Tema SeiZleba iyos
„nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi,“ naS-
romis sakiTxi ki „anglosaqsuri samarTlis gavle-
na nafic msajulTa institutis Camoyalibebaze sa-

42
qarTveloSi 2004–2012 wlebSi.“ Sesabamisad, swored
rom Temidan xdeba SedarebiT konkretuli, viwro
sakiTxis SerCeva, romelsac avtori Tavisi Sromis
meSveobiT aviTarebs.
Temidan sakiTxis dakonkretebis process da-
viwroebas veZaxiT. sakursoze, referatze, sabaka-
lavro an samagistro naSromze muSaobisas dar-
wmundiT, rom sakiTxi sakmarisad viwroa. aq ori ti-
pis safrTxes vawydebiT: Tu sakiTxi zedmetad far-
To iqneba, maSin Cven ver SevZlebT mniSvnelovani
wvlilis Setanas Cveni kvleviT, vinaidan sakiTxis
yvela ZiriTad aspeqts ver movicavT da naSromic
ufro zogadi, mimoxilviTi da enciklopediuri xa-
siaTis gamova; meore mxriv, Tu sakiTxi zedmetad
davaviwroveT, SeiZleba, qarTul enaze Sesabamisi
literaturisa da kvleviTi masalis moZieba gagvi-
Wirdes, an sakiTxma mniSvneloba dakargos.

magaliTad:

„msjavrdebulTa uflebebi saqarTveloSi“ – es sa-

kiTxi zedmetad farToa, ufro zogadi sferoa,
romlis srulfasovnad gamokvlevas mTeli encik-
lopediuri naSromi dasWirdeba; amave dros, „uva-
do patimrobaSi myof pensioner qalTa uflebebi“
zedmetad viwroa, vinaidan am sakiTxze SeiZleba,
sakanonmdeblo normebisa da empiriuli masalis

43
mopoveba gaWirdes. amitom avirCioT oqros Suale-
di da naSromi SegviZlia, magaliTad, uvado patim-
rebis romelime uflebaze davweroT.

Sesabamisad, zedmetad zogad da zedmetad

viwro sakiTxs Soris balansis dacva mniSvnelova-
nia. amisaTvis erT-erTi kargi saSualeba xel-
mZRvanelTan an profesorTan winaswari konsul-
taciaa. is, gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, aseTi ba-
lansis dacvaSi dagvexmareba.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom naSromis sididis
mixedviT SeiZleba sakiTxis konkretulobis xaris-
xis gadawyveta – rac ufro mcire masStabis aris
naSromi, magaliTad: sakurso, samsaxurebrivi me-
morandumi, miT ufro konkretuli unda iyos is sa-
kiTxi, romelsac naSromi exeba, vinaidan Temis
farTod ganxilvas Sesabamisi dro da sivrce sWir-
deba; xolo rac ufro didi moculobisaa naSromi,
magaliTad: sadoqtoro disertacia an samagistro
Tema, miT ufro SesaZlebelia, igi SedarebiT zo-
gad da farTo sakiTxs daeTmos. magaliTad, sadoq-
toro naSromis sakiTxi SeiZleba iyos „saparlamen-
to kontroli saqarTveloSi.“ sadoqtoro naSro-
mis moculoba da is didi dro, romelic sadoqto-
ro kvlevas eTmoba, saSualebas miscems avtors,
siRrmiseulad, istoriulad gamoikvlios am in-

44
stitutis ganviTareba da ganviTarebis Tavisebu-
rebebi, rasac sakurso naSromis avtori SedarebiT
patara moculobis formatisa da mcire drois
farglebSi ver SeZlebda.
naSromis Temidan sakiTxis SerCevaSi gvexmare-
ba swored literaturis mimoxilva. literaturis
mimoxilva iwyeba avtorisTvis saintereso da ax-
lobel Temaze ZiriTadi samecniero naSromebis
gacnobiT. amisaTvis mniSvnelovania, Tavidan ga-
vecnoT Temis garSemo arsebul ramdenime avtori-
tetul naSroms, monografias an saxelmZRvanelos.
es saSualebas mogvcems, zogadad gavecnoT Cven-
Tvis saintereso Temas da gavigoT, Tu ra ZiriTadi
argumentebi arsebobs mis garSemo. am gziT nel-ne-
la gamovricxavT im sakiTxebs, romlebic ukve kar-
gad damuSavebuli da gamokvleulia da vipoviT im
sakiTxs, romelic gvaZlevs saSualebas, vTqvaT si-
axle.
literaturis mimoxilvis nawili unda iyos
kargad organizebuli. igi asaxavs im samecniero
literaturas, romelsac Tqven gaecaniT kvlevaze
muSaobis procesSi. literaturis mimoxilvasa da
mTlianad kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli literatura
SemdgomSi aisaxeba naSromis bibliografiaSi.
naSromis xasiaTzea damokidebuli, ramden li-
teraturas gaecnobiT kvlevis procesSi. diserta-
ciisa da samagistro naSromis dros es SeiZleba

45
iyos uamravi wigni da statia. Sesabamisad, saWir-
borotoa am zRva masalis organizeba garkveuli
principebis mixedviT. literaturis mimoxilvis
organizeba SeiZleba qronologiurad da Tematu-
rad. qronologiurad organizebisas masalebs va-
lagebT yvelaze Zvelidan axlisaken, vinaidan am
principiT mivuTiTebT, Tu rogor ganviTarda
mecnieruli msjeloba konkretul sakiTxze. amave
dros, mniSvnelovania, erTmaneTSi ar avurioT
sxvadasxva sakiTxze warmoebuli kamaTi da lite-
ratura Tematuradac davalagoT. aseT SemTxveva-
Si qronologiurad valagebT literaturas Teme-
bis mixedviT. magaliTad, Tu nafic msajulebTan
dakavSirebiT viyenebT literaturas, romelic
msjelobs rogorc institutis warmoSobaze, aseve
msoflioSi gavrcelebasa da efeqturobaze, am yve-
la naSromis erTad, Tundac qronologiurad mo-
Tavseba daabnevda mkiTxvels da ver mogvcemda sa-
Sualebas, saTiTaod naTlad aRgvewera es sxvadas-
xva sferoSi mimdinare samecniero kamaTi. Sesaba-
misad, upriani iqneboda, am masalebis jer Tematur
qveTavebSi, xolo Semdeg TiToeul qveTavSi qro-
nologiurad dalageba.
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom literaturis mimoxil-
vis arsi ar aris samecniero naSromebis Sinaarsis
Sejameba. mimoxilvis arsia ukve arsebuli naSro-
mebis gakritikeba im TvalsazrisiT, romelic ga-
46
moaCens, Tu ra mxriv, ra Tvalsawieridan da per-
speqtividan ar yofila gamokvleuli CvenTvis sa-
intereso Tema da, Sesabamisad, romeli sakiTxi im-
saxurebs Seswavlas. es nawili pasuxobs kiTxvebs:
– ra ar aris naTqvami mkvlevarTa mier?
– sad aris SeuTanxmebloba?
– ra aris araswori msjelobebSi?
– sad aris naklebi mtkicebulebebi?
– aris Tu ara msjeloba sakmarisad axali?
SesaZlebelia, moxdes ise, rom, roca Tqven da-
iwyebT erT romelime sakiTxze muSaobas, samecnie-
ro literatura qarTul enaze sakmarisi raodeno-
biT ver naxoT, radgan Zalian bevri kvleva saqar-
TveloSi ar mimdinareobs. aq ukve Tqveni gadasaw-
yvetia, axvalT Tu ara Semdeg safexurze da mimoi-
xilavT Tu ara ucxoenovan wyaroebs. kargia, rode-
sac aris saSualeba, kvlevaSi gamovricxoT is, rac
dawerilia da vipovoT is, rac vinmes Tavis kvleva-
Si gamorCa. rodesac literaturis mimoxilvisas
naxavT, rom ama Tu im avtors ukve dawerili aqvs
romelime konkretul sakiTxze statia, iqve SegiZ-
liaT naxoT, mas ra gamorCa da Tqven mimoixiloT
igi. es konkretuli avtori moxvdeba Tqveneul li-
teraturis mimoxilvaSi da iqve miuTiTebT, rom am
avtors Zalian kargi naSromi aqvs, magram igi ukve
moZvelebulia da mas, magaliTad, gamorCa esa Tu
47
is sakiTxi. Tqven SegiZliaT, daamatoT sxvadasxva
siaxle. aqedan gamomdinare, ar aris saWiro velo-
sipedis Tavidan gamogoneba – Tu vinmes dawerili
aqvs ukve esa Tu is statia, Tqven ar unda daxar-
joT dro im sakiTxis kvlevaSi, romelic ukve ga-
mokvleulia.
magaliTisaTvis, bevri kvleva exeba mxolod
erTi qveynis, mag. amerikis, mtkicebulebebs, magram
Sedegebi warmodgenilia rogorc universaluri.
am SemTxvevaSi literaturis mimoxilva gamoav-
lens im naklovanebebs, romlebic aqvs am naSroms,
aseve im sakiTxebs, romelTac es naSromi ar moi-
cavs da, Sesabamisad, tovebs momavali naSromebi-
saTvis gamosakvlevad.
literaturis mimoxilvis mere ayalibebs
mkvlevari im sakiTxebs, romlebzec eZebs mtkice-
bulebebs. es etapi hgavs gamoZiebis process – ga-
moZiebis dros gamomZiebelma unda icodes, kon-
kretulad ra kiTxvaze eZebs pasuxs im zRva masa-
laSi, romelic erT konkretul incidentTan da-
kavSirebiT arsebobs. ar SeiZleba, gamomZiebelma
yuradReba „mimofantos“ da bevr sakiTxs erTdro-
ulad da Tanabari siRrmiT moekidos. Sesabamisad,
droTa ganmavlobaSi gamomZiebeli fokusirdeba
erT ZiriTad kiTxvaze an amocanaze, romelsac un-
da gasces pasuxi. mkvlevaric asea – literaturis

48
3. mtkicebulebebis analizi

mas Semdeg, rac davasrulebT literaturis mimo-

xilvas da movaxdenT kvlevis sakiTxis identifi-
cirebas, SesaZlebelia kvlevaze gadasvla da kvle-
visaTvis mtkicebulebebis moZieba. mtkicebule-
bebSi igulisxmeba is masala, romlis analizsac ax-
dens mkvlevari da romlis analizis Sedegadac is
warmoadgens kvlevis Sedegs samecniero siaxlis
saxiT. mtkicebuleba sxvadasxvagvaria: istoriul
kvlevaSi, magaliTad, mtkicebuleba SeiZleba iyos
istoriuli wyaroebi, monaTxrobebi; socialur-
samarTlebriv kvlevaSi SeiZleba iyos empiriuli
masala; SedarebiTsamarTlebriv kvlevaSi mtkice-
buleba SeiZleba iyos monacemebi ori an meti sxva-
dasxva qveynidan, iurisdiqciidan an sferodan.

23
A. Dolidze, Bridging Comparative and International Law: Amicus
Curiae Participation as a Vertical Legal Transplant, The European Journal
of International Law, Vol. 26 no. 4, 857.
52
mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis etapi yvelaze Sroma-
tevadi da mniSvnelovania naSromisaTvis, vinaidan
swored mtkicebulebaTa Seswavlisa da analizis
Sedegad axerxebs mkvlevari, sazogadoebas warud-
ginos axali da saintereso migneba. magaliTad, Tu
kvleva SedarebiTsamarTlebrivia da exeba nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlos saqarTveloSi, rogorc
amerikuli institutis transplants, maSin mkvlev-
ris mtkicebulebebi SeiZleba iyos masalebi, rom-
lebic ukavSirdeba nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos
institutis muSaobas aSS-sa da saqarTveloSi. am
mtkicebulebaTa Sedarebis Sedegad mkvlevari SeZ-
lebs, Seafasos, ramdenad aris gadmoRebuli qar-
Tuli instituti amerikulidan da SemogvTavazos
Tanamdevi daskvnebi.
mniSvnelovani faqtoria mtkicebulebaTa Se-
sabamisi organizeba. mtkicebulebas da maT ana-
lizs unda hqondes raime logikuri struqtura –
es SeiZleba iyos qronologiuri an Tematuri da-
lageba, an dalageba raime sxva niSniT. mTavaria ma-
Ti ise cxadad dalageba, rom mkiTxvelma advilad
SeZlos gageba.

53
4. Sedegebi

kvlevis Sedegis wardgenas TavisTavad naklebi mniS-

vneloba aqvs, Tu ar avxseniT misi mniSvneloba. mniS-
vnelobis axsna, pirvel rigSi, ukavSirdeba imis war-
moCenas, Tu ra wvlili Seitana Tqveni kvlevis Sede-
gebma samecniero literaturaSi. Sesabamisad, kvle-
vis Sedegebis mniSvnelobaze saubris dros aucile-
belia, ukukavSiri damyardes im samecniero litera-
turasTan, romelTan dialogSic Tqven CaerTeT. Se-
degSi unda davinaxoT, ra wvlili Seitana Tqvenma

25 sqolio supra 6, 160-163.

64
naSromma am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT arsebul lite-
raturaSi da rogor gaamdidra igi. Tu, magaliTad,
literaturis mimoxilvaSi Tqven miuTiTeT, rom ar-
sebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba raime sakiTxze an kidev
raime Tema ar aris saTanadod gamokvleuli, maSin
Sedegebis ganyofilebaSi mniSvnelovani iqneba, aR-
niSnoT, Tu rogor gaaumjobeseT Tqven literatu-
raSi arsebuli viTareba.
aseve mniSvnelovania, rom Sedegebis Sejamebis
Semdeg daubrundeT naSromis Sesavals da Tqveni
Sedegi iq asaxoT. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Sesava-
li aris naSromis savizito baraTi, romlis wakiT-
xvis Semdeg mkiTxvels uyalibdeba warmodgena naS-
romis xarisxis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, SesavalSive
mniSvnelovania naSromis wvlilis aRniSvna da mis-
Tvis xazgasma.
naSromis Sedegebis warmodgenisas Cven pasuxi
unda gavceT Semdeg kiTxvebs:
− ra aris Cems naSromSi axali?
− ra aris gansxvavebuli?
− riT gansxvavdeba Cemi migneba imisagan, rac
ukve naTqvamia?
− ratom aris Cemi kvlevis Sedegi mniSvnelo-
vani?
− ra axal SesaZleblobebs iZleva Cemi kvle-
va?

65
magaliTad:

sasamarTlos am midgomis mxedvelobaSi miRe-

ba aucilebelia, raTa Sefasdes, Tu ramdenad See-
sabameba saqarTveloSi danergili es instituti
evropuli konvenciiT dadgenil samarTliani sasa-
marTlos uflebas.

g. daskvna

yvela naSroms sWirdeba daskvniTi nawili. daskvnaSi

jamdeba naSromis ZiriTadi arsi da, rac yvelaze
mniSvnelovania, misi Senatani mecnierebaSi. daskvnas-
Tan dakavSirebiT gansxvavebuli tradiciebi arse-
bobs saqarTvelosa da dasavleTSi: saqarTveloSi mi-
Rebulia naSromis ZiriTadi argumentebis, wvlilis
aRniSvna naSromis bolos. Sesabamisad, mkiTxveli
mxolod naSromis bolos igebs mis wvlils, Teziss da
a.S.; dasavleTSi ki miRebulia naSromis dasawyisSive
Tezisisa da naSromis wvlilis aRwera da is mxolod
meordeba naSromis daskvnaSi.
dasavleTSi sakuTari mosazrebebis gamoTqmi-
saTvis, zepirad Tu werilobiT, moqmedebs dauwe-
reli wesi: TqviT, ris Tqmas apirebT, TqviT Tqveni
saTqmeli da SeajameT, ra TqviT.
maSasadame, kiTxvebi, romelTac daskvna unda
pasuxobdes, aris Semdegi:

66
– mokled rogor SeajamebdiT naSromis Sina-
arss?
– rogor SeajamebdiT im problemas/sa-
kiTxs/debats, romelSic gadawyviteT
wvlilis Setana?
– rogor gamoyofdiT da mokled Seajameb-
diT, gansakuTrebiT, im nawils, romelic
axali da originaluria?
– rogor SeajamebdiT, riTi gaamdidreT es
problema/sakiTxi/debati?
– kvlevis ra gzebi/sakiTxebi gamoikveTa mo-
mavlisaTvis?

67
Tu naSromSi aRwerili gaqvT raime samecniero ka-
maTi, aucileblad mokled daukavSireT Tqveni
naSromis wvlili am debats. gaixseneT samecniero

27 sqolio supra 6, 170-171.

70
literaturis is kritika, romelic aRwerili
gaqvT TavSi da aRniSneT, rogor upasuxeT am kri-
tikas Tqveni SromiT, rogor amoavseT is naklova-
nebebi kvlevebSi, romlebzec manamde miuTiTeT.
SedarebiT ufro vrcel kvlevaSi, rogoric
aris disertacia an samagistro naSromi, SeiZleba
kvlevis bolo nawilis gayofa or nawilad: samo-
mavlo xedva/perspeqtivebi da daskvna. pirvel na-
wilSi SeiZleba msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, momavalSi
rogor ganviTardes kvleva/msjeloba Tqven mier
Setanil wvlilTan dakavSirebiT, anu dasaxoT gza,
saiT SeiZleba wavides Tqven mier SeTavazebuli
codna; amave nawilSi SeiZleba moTavsdes Tqveni
rekomendaciebi, sakanonmdeblo politikisaTvis
SeTavazebebi, daskvnaSi ki Tqveni naSromis Sejame-
ba. niSandoblivia, rom miuRebelia daskvnaSi axa-
li argumentebisa da sakiTxebis Setana – daskvna
mxolod ukve ganxiluli argumentebis Sejamebas
eTmoba. gvaxsovdes, rom naSromis Sesavlisa da
daskvnis daniSnulebaa, mkiTxvels maleve gaagebi-
nos naSromis Sinaarsi, misi Senatani mecnierebaSi.

71
d. weris stili

am TavSi asaxulia ramdenime principi, romelTa

gaTvaliswineba sasurvelia weris dros. maTi gaT-
valiswineba naSroms matebs damajereblobis xa-
risxs, ufro sasiamovnos xdis mas da gamoarCevs
yvela sxva naSromisagan.
sakuTari weris stilis gamomuSaveba aucile-
belia. zogadi wesebi, romlebic gamomuSavebulia
yvelasaTvis, ver gamoxatavs sakuTar individua-
lur xmas da damokidebulebas. Tumca, amave dros,
balansia dasacavi zogad wesebsa da sakuTar xel-
weras Soris. sakuTari xelweris ganviTareba ise-
Tive procesia, rogoric saxlis CuqurTmebiT
morTva-mopirkeTeba. sakuTari stilis anu avto-
ris xelweris ganviTareba SesaZlebelia da sasur-
velia mxolod maSin, rodesac avtori ukve flobs
akademiuri weris ZiriTad principebs.
yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac unda gvaxsovdes
kvlevis werisas, aris avtoris azris obieqturoba.
kvleva ar aris Cveni subieqturi mosazreba sakiT-
xis mimarT. subieqturi azri gamoixateba polemi-
kur naSromSi, memorandumSi, sarCelSi. kvleva
aris mtkicebulebebsa da maT analizze dayrdno-
bili procesi. Sesabamisad, am mtkicebulebebis da-
muSavebisa da kvlevis aRwerisas avtori inarCu-
nebs obieqturobas, anu ise aRwers movlenebsa da
72
mtkicebulebebs, rogorc aris. im SemTxvevaSic ki,
rodesac kvleva exeba TqvenTvis mniSvnelovan an
emociur sakiTxs, magaliTad, romelime aRiarebu-
li piris biografias, aucilebelia obieqturobis
SenarCuneba anu kvlevis obieqtis yvela mxriv da-
naxva, analizi da warmoCena. am ZiriTadi TvisebiT
gansxvavdeba kvleva literaturuli naSromisagan.
Tumca, amave dros, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom
kvlevas SeiZleba axldes normatiuli aspeqti, anu
kvleva msjelobdes ama Tu im fenomenis avkargia-
nobaze, ama Tu im zomis sargeblianobaze. Tumca
kargi mkvlevrisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom es ori
ganyofileba kargad gavmijnoT Cvens naSromSi:
aRwerilobiTi nawilia is, sadac obieqturad aris
mocemuli msjeloba, xolo normatiulia is nawi-
li, sadac gadmocemulia Tqveni azri da damokide-
buleba ama Tu im sakiTxis mimarT. es gamijvna mniS-
vnelovania, raTa kvlevam SeinarCunos obieqturo-
bis xarisxi da avtoris miukerZoeblobaSi mkiT-
xvels eWvi ar Seeparos.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania kvlevis sic-
xade. mkiTxvels ar unda sWirdebodes didi drois
daxarjva imaSi, rom wakiTxulidan gamoitanos Si-
naarsi da daskvna. winadadebebi unda iyos advilad
gasagebi. saqarTveloSi adre iTvleboda, rom, rac
ufro rTulia winadadebebis wyoba naSromSi da
rac ufro rTulad gasagebi leqsikaa gamoyenebu-
73
li, miT ufro kargia igi – es principi SeiZleba
exebodes literaturul nawarmoebs, samecniero
naSromSi ki ecadeT, rom erTi grZeli winadadebis
magivrad ramdenime mokle da naTeli winadadeba
gamoiyenoT. amave dros, ecadeT, mkiTxvelisaTvis
advilad xelmisawvdomi iyos naSromis ena. wereT
gasagebad da advilad aRsaqmelad. am mxriv gaiTva-
liswineT naSromis mkiTxvelic: Tu mkiTxveli spe-
cialistia, magaliTad dargis profesori, maSin
SeiZleba gamoiyenoT ufro meti teqnikuri an sa-
marTlebrivi termini; Tu SesaZlo mkiTxveli Seda-
rebiT farTo auditoriaa, maSin piriqiT, iuridiu-
li terminebi maqsimalurad unda SeamciroT.
kidev erTi meTodi, romlis gamoyeneba SeiZ-
leba, teqsts rom sicxade SevZinoT, teqstis da-
yofaa abzacebad. sasurvelia, abzacebi iseTi sig-
rZisa iyos, rom mkiTxvelma SeZlos da advilad ga-
moitanos abzacis Sinaarsi – mas ar unda daaviw-
ydes, ra sakiTxze daiwyo msjeloba abzacis dasaw-
yisSi. Sesabamisad, naxevar gverdze grZeli abzace-
bi naklebad misaRebia.
miaqcieT yuradReba, rom teqsti iyos daweri-
li mravalferovani leqsikiT. ecadeT, SeamciroT
tavtologiebi. naSromi, romelic mdidaria sino-
nimebiT, bevrad ufro sasiamovnod ikiTxeba.

74
 gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania naweris for-
mis sakiTxi. formaSi igulisxmeba is, rom adamians
naSromSi ar aqvs gamotovebuli asoebi, mZime-wer-
tili sworad aqvs Tu ara dasmuli, aris Tu ara
teqsti redaqtirebuli. formis sakiTxebi, TiTqos
umniSvnelo, did STabeWdilebas tovebs mkiTxvel-
ze. magaliTad, naSromis SesavalSi SemCneulma gra-
matikulma da redaqciulma Secdomam SeiZleba,
mkiTxvels daukargos survili, enTuziazmiT gaec-
nos mas.

75
III. wyaros miTiTebis standartebi

wyaros miTiTebiT Cven vaRiarebT sxvis inteleqtu-

alur Sromas. wyaros miTiTebisas veyrdnobiT sxvis
naazrevsa da naSroms, raTa erTi safexuriT kidev
win wavwioT codna raime sferoSi. wyaros miTiTebis
gareSe sxvisi naazrevis gamoyeneba inteleqtualur
qurdobad anu plagiatad iTvleba. plagiati mZime
inteleqtualuri danaSaulia, risTvisac universi-
tetebSi studenti Zalian mkacrad isjeba, xSirad
kursidan garicxviTac. wyaros miTiTeba mkiTxvels
saSualebas aZlevs, dainaxos, rom avtori daeyrdno
sxvis kvlevas, sxvis naazrevs da Tu dasWirda, Tava-
dac SeuZlia, ufro dawvrilebiT dainteresdes av-
toris mier miTiTebuli wyaroebiT. nebismieri miTi-
Tebis motanis sami mizezi arsebobs:
– daafiqsiroT, rom Tqveni pozicia kargadaa
gamokvleuli;
– pativi sceT wyaros avtors;
– misceT mkiTxvels saSualeba, moaxerxos
wyaros identificireba da moZebna.
miTiTebis ori forma arsebobs: citata da pe-
rifrazi.

1. citata

citatis dros Cven pirdapir gadmogvaqvs avtoris

naTqvami brWyalebSi da citatis bolos vuTiTebT
sqolios, sadac vaxsenebT zust wyaros.
89
16. sasamarTlos aqtebi

16.1. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos aq-

tebi
16. 1. 1. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos
gadawyvetileba

sasamarTlos saxeli, gadawyvetilebis TariRi,

saqmis nomeri, saqmis saxeli, aRwerilobiTi, samo-
tivacio an sarezolucio nawili da paragrafi.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2017

wlis 15 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba №3/1/659 saqme-
ze — saqarTvelos moqalaqe omar jorbenaZe saqar-
Tvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, II, p. 25.

16.1.2. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

ganCineba

sasamarTlos saxeli, ganCinebis TariRi, saqmis no-

meri, aRwerilobiTi, samotivacio an sarezolu-
cio nawili da paragrafi.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2017

wlis 15 Tebervlis ganCineba №3/1/855, II, p. 11.

102
16.1.3. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos
saoqmo Canaweri

sasamarTlos saxeli, ganCinebis TariRi, saqmis no-

meri, aRwerilobiTi, samotivacio an sarezolu-
cio nawili da paragrafi.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2017

wlis 15 Tebervlis saoqmo Canaweri N1/7/864, III, p. 2.

16.2. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis aqtebi

sasamarTlos saxeli, sasamarTlos palatis/kole-

giis dasaxeleba, gadawyvetilebis/ganaCenis/ganCi-
nebis/brZanebis miRebis TariRi, nomeri da saxel-
wodeba (arsebobis SemTxvevaSi).

xaSuris raionuli sasamarTlos administraciul

saqmeTa palatis 2017 wlis 16 Tebervlis №3-197
ganCineba.

16.3. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos

aqtebi
abreviatura inglisur an frangul enaze
(ECHR/COE), TariRi, saqmis saxelwodeba (inglisur
an frangul enaze), paragrafis nomeri.
Tuki mosamarTlis gansxvavebuli azris citireba
xdeba, igi mieTiTeba frCxilebSi paragrafamde.

103
ECHR, 2004 wlis 8 aprilis gadawyvetileba saqmeze
— Asanidze v. Georgia, p. 39.

16.4. marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso sasamar-

Tlos aqtebi

abreviatura inglisur enaze (ICJ), TariRi, saqmis

saxelwodeba, monawile mxareebi (orive inglisur
enaze), paragrafis an gverdis nomeri.

ICJ, 2016 wlis 7 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze —

Immunities and Criminal Proceedings (Equatorial Guinea v.
France), 63.

17. kanonis citireba

17.1. normatiuli Zalis mqone kanonebis citireba

„normis saxelwodeba“, muxli, punqti (nawili), qve-
punqti.

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-5 muxlis me-3 pun-

qti.

saqarTvelos kanoni „saqarTvelos samoqalaqo ko-

deqsis“ 23-e muxlis 1-li nawili.

104
17.2. Zaladakarguli normatiuli aqtis citireba

„normis saxelwodeba“, muxli, punqti (nawili), qve-

punqti (frCxilebSi aRiniSneba normis gauqmebis
TariRi).

saqarTvelos kanoni „saqarTvelos samxedro Zale-

bis raodenobis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“, me-2 muxli
(Zaladakargulia: 24.12.2013).

17.3. ucxo qveynis normatiuli aqtis miTiTeba

normis saxelwodeba aqtis gamocemis enaze (normis

qarTuli saxelwodeba frCxilebSi), muxli, punqti
(nawili), qvepunqti.

Code Pénal de France (safrangeTis sisxlis samar-

Tlis kodeqsi), muxli 132-22.

105