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Acore 2

The document provides revision notes on algebra and functions, including rules for indices, simplifying expressions involving surds, rationalizing denominators, solving quadratic equations by factorizing and completing the square, and sketching quadratic graphs indicating the vertex and line of symmetry.

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littlemrs.cheeky
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12 views1 page

Acore 2

The document provides revision notes on algebra and functions, including rules for indices, simplifying expressions involving surds, rationalizing denominators, solving quadratic equations by factorizing and completing the square, and sketching quadratic graphs indicating the vertex and line of symmetry.

Uploaded by

littlemrs.cheeky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A LEVEL PURE MATHS REVISON NOTES

1 ALGEBRA AND FUNCTIONS


a) INDICES
Rules to learn :
𝑛 𝑛
1 𝑚 𝑚
𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏 𝑥 𝑎 ÷ 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎−𝑏 (𝑥 𝑎 )𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 −𝑎 = 𝑥 𝑚 = √𝑥 𝑛 = ( √𝑥 )
𝑥𝑎

3 1
Simplify 2𝑥(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 + 3(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 Solve 32𝑥 × 25𝑥 = 15
1
= (𝑥 − 𝑦) (2𝑥(𝑥 − 𝑦) + 3))
2 (3 × 5)2𝑥 = 151
1
= (𝑥 − 𝑦) (2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 3)
2 2𝑥 = 1
1
𝑥=
2
b) SURDS
• A root such as √3 that cannot be written as a fraction is IRRATIONAL
• An expression that involves irrational roots is in SURD FORM
• RATIONALISING THE DENOMINATOR is removing the surd from the denominator (multiply by the conjugate)

2
Simplify Rationalise the denominator 2−√3
The conjugate of the denominator
2 2+√3 2 - √3 is 2 + √3 so that
√75 − √12 = ×2+
2−√3 √3 (2 - √3)( 2 + √3)
= √5 × 5 × 3 − √2 × 2 × 3 = 22 - √32
= 5√3 − 2√3 = 4 + 2√3 =1
= 3√3

c) QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND GRAPHS


Factorising – identifying the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
• Look for the difference of 2 squares x2 – a2 = (x + a)(x – a) or (ax)2 - b2 = (ax + b)( ax – b)
• Look for the perfect square x2 + 2ax + a2 = (x + a)2
• Look out for equations which can be transformed into quadratic equations

12
Solve 𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 = 0 Solve 6𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 2 + 2 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12 = 0 Let z = x2 6𝑧 2 − 7𝑧 + 2 = 0
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 3) = 0 (2𝑧 − 1)(3𝑧 − 2) = 0
1 1 2 2
x = -4 x = 3 𝑧= 2
𝑥 = ±√2 𝑧= 3
𝑥 = ±√3

Completing the square – identifying the vertex and line of symmetry


y = (x + a)2 + b vertex at (-a , b) line of symmetry as equation x = -a

Line of symmetry
x=2

www.mathsbox.org.uk

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