CPE 102 LECTURE

9ND MAY, 2024

 CELL ARRAY DATA TYPE

With cell function

e.g >> expcell = cell(2,3)

expcell = [] [] []
 [] [] []


Using curly braces

e.g >> A = { 3, ‘Three’; 4, ‘Four’; 5, ‘five’}

A=

[3] ’Three’

[4] ’Four’
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[5] ’Five’ <footer> 2
 STRUCTURE DATA TYPES

Creation of structure using ‘struct keyword’

syntax:

X = struct(field_1, value_1, field_2, value_2, field_3, value_3,..., field_n, value_n)
creates a structure array with multiple fields.

e.g:

Student = struct(‘name’, ‘Jai’, ‘age’, 19, ‘sex’, ‘F’, ‘marks’, [02, 09, 14, 20])

Creation of structure using ‘ dot operator’

syntax: structName.fieldName

e.g X.field_1 or Student.name

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 STRUCTURE DATA TYPES(Cont’d)

>> Student.name = ‘Jai’;

>> Student.age = 19;

>> Student.sex = ‘F’;

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 Logical Data type

The logical data type contains ones and zeros for true and false
statements, the size of which is the same 1 byte.

e.g: >> X = [5 4 2 0 -8 0];

>> Y = logical(X)

Y=
 111010

The commands returns logical ‘1’ for non-zero (both +ve or -ve)
values and logical ‘0’ for zero values.

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 Knowing the Datatypes of Data

Check for its type in the workspace window

Type ‘whos variable_name’ at the command prompt

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 INTER-CONVERSION OF DATATYPES

Using cast function

e.g >> X = uint8(a)

>> Y = cast (X, ‘int8’)

Using Datatype function

e.g: >> str = char(‘Hello MATLAB’)

>> dbl = double(str)

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 Datatype conversion commands

int2str: converts integer to string

num2str: converts number to string

str2double: converts string to double precision value

bin2dec: converts binary number string to decimal number

dec2bin: converts decimal to binary number in string

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 MATLAB VARIABLES

A variable is a symbolic name for information or data. The data is
stored in a memory location, the content of which can be changed at
any time.

The name represents the information it contains, but the name itself
is not the information.

The creation of variable is done by using assignment operator ‘=’.

Syntax:

>> variable = expression

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 Properties of variables

Name

Datatype

Value

Scope

Lifetime of variable

Location (in Memory)

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 Good variable creation practices

Variable names should be in mixed case starting with lower
case and can as well use underscore to separate part of the
compound name

Variables with a large scope should have meaningful names

Avoid using keywords or special value name for a variable
name.

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 Creating Variables
In MATLAB, you can create variables to store values. To create a variable,
use the assignment operator (=) and assign a value to a variable name.
Here's an example:
matlab
% Creating variables
x = 10;
y = 5.5;
name = 'John Doe';

In this example, we create three variables: x with the value 10 (integer), y

with the value 5.5 (floating-point number), and name with the value 'John
Doe' (string).

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 Accessing Variable Values
To access the value of a variable, simply refer to it by its name.
For example, you can display the value of x using the disp
function:
matlab
disp(x);
MATLAB will display the value of x in the command window.

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 Writing Functions
In MATLAB, you can define your own functions to encapsulate a
set of calculations or operations. Here's an example of how to
write a simple function that calculates the area of a rectangle:
matlab
% Function to calculate the area of a rectangle
function area = calculateRectangleArea(length, width)
area = length * width;
end

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 Calling Functions:
Once you've defined a function, you can call it in your script or command
window. For example, to calculate the area of a rectangle with a length of 5
and width of 3, you can call the calculateRectangleArea function as
follows:
matlab
length = 5;
width = 3;
area = calculateRectangleArea(length, width);
disp(area);

MATLAB will execute the function and assign the calculated area to the variable
area. Then, it will display the value of area in the command window

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 Function with Multiple Outputs
MATLAB also supports functions with multiple output arguments. Here's
an example:
matlab
% Function to calculate the area and perimeter of a rectangle
function [area, perimeter] = calculateRectangleProperties(length, width)
area = length * width;
perimeter = 2 * (length + width);
end

In this function, we calculate both the area and perimeter of a rectangle.

The function now returns two values: area and perimeter.

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 Calling of functions (c0nt’d)
To call this function and retrieve both outputs, you can do the following:
matlab
length = 5;
width = 3;
[area, perimeter] = calculateRectangleProperties(length, width);
disp(area);
disp(perimeter);

MATLAB will calculate both the area and perimeter and assign the
respective values to the variables area and perimeter. It will then
display both values in the command window.

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 Matlab mathematical functions
Trigonometric functions:
sin(x): Compute the sine of x (in radians).
cos(x): Compute the cosine of x (in radians).
tan(x): Compute the tangent of x (in radians).
asin(x): Compute the inverse sine (also known as arcsine) of x, returning values
in the range [-π/2, π/2].
acos(x): Compute the inverse cosine (also known as arccosine) of x, returning
values in the range [0, π].
atan(x): Compute the inverse tangent (also known as arctangent) of x, returning
values in the range [-π/2, π/2].

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 Mathematical functions(cont’d)
Exponential and logarithmic functions:
exp(x): Compute the exponential of x.
log(x): Compute the natural logarithm of x (base e).
log10(x): Compute the common logarithm (base 10) of x.
sqrt(x): Compute the square root of x.
power(x, y): Compute x raised to the power of y.

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 Mathematical functions(cont’d)
Hyperbolic functions:
sinh(x): Compute the hyperbolic sine of x.
cosh(x): Compute the hyperbolic cosine of x.
tanh(x): Compute the hyperbolic tangent of x.
asinh(x): Compute the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.
acosh(x): Compute the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.
atanh(x): Compute the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.

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 Mathematical functions(cont’d)
Rounding and absolute functions:
round(x): Round to the nearest integer.
floor(x): Round towards negative infinity.
ceil(x): Round towards positive infinity.
abs(x): Compute the absolute value of x.

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 Mathematical functions(cont’d)
Statistical functions:
mean(x): Compute the mean (average) of the elements in x.
median(x): Compute the median of the elements in x.
std(x): Compute the standard deviation of the elements in
x.
var(x): Compute the variance of the elements in x.

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 Mathematical functions(cont’d)
Random number generation:
rand(): Generate a random number between 0 and 1.
randn(): Generate a random number from a standard
normal distribution.
randi([a, b]): Generate a random integer between a and
b.

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