UNIT 10: THE ECOSYSTEM

VOCABULARY
1. insect /ˈɪnsekt/ (n) côn trùng
2. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ (n) hệ sinh thái
3. fauna /ˈfɔːnə/ (n) động vật
4. essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ (adj) cần thiết
5. natural resource /ˈnætʃ·ər·əl ˈri·sɔrs/ (n) tài nguyên thiên nhiên
6. biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n) sự đa dạng sinh học
7. national park /ˈnæʃənl/ /pɑːk/ (n) vườn quốc gia
8. overuse /ˌəʊ.vəˈjuːz/ (v) sử dụng quá mức
9. destroy /di'strɔi/ (n) phá hủy
10. native /ˈneɪtɪv/ (adj) bản địa
11. tropical forest /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl ˈfɒr.ɪst/ (n.phr) rừng nhiệt đới
12. species /ˈspi·ʃiz/ (n) loài
13. conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ (n) bảo tồn
14. mammal /ˈmæm.əl/ (n) động vật có vú
15. mangrove /ˈmæŋ.ɡrəʊv/ (n) rừng ngập mặn
16. pangolin /pæŋˈɡəʊ.lɪn/ (n) tê tê
17. delta /ˈdeltə/ (n) đồng bằng
18. rare /reə(r)/ (adj) quý hiếm
19. wetland /ˈwet.lənd/ (n) vùng đất ngập nước
20. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ (n) môi trường sống
21. eagle /ˈiːɡl/ (n) đại bàng
22. endanger /in'deindʒə(r)/ (v) nguy cơ tuyệt chủng
23. ban /bæn/ (v) cấm
24. shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ (n) nơi ở
25. disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ (v) biến mất
26. effect on /ɪˈfekt ɒn/ (phrasal verb) ảnh hưởng
27. coral reef /ˌkɔːr.əl ˈriːf/ (n) rạn san hô
28. food chain /ˈfuːd ˌtʃeɪn/ (n) chuỗi thức ăn
29. run out /ˈrʌnˈaʊt/ (phrasal verb) hết
30. break down /breɪk daʊn/ (phrasal verb) phá vỡ
31. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ (n) thiên tai
32. restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ (v) khôi phụ
33. impact on /ˈɪm.pækt/ (phrasal verb) tác động
34. unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ (n) thất nghiệp
35. fancy /ˈfænsi/ (v) thích
36. creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/ (n) sinh vật
37. bird-watching / bɜːd wɒtʃɪŋ / (n) ngắm chim
38. restoration /ˌrestəˈreɪʃn/ (n) phục hồi
39. continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ (n) lục địa
 40. ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (adj) sinh thái
41. scuba diving /'sku:bə/ /'daiviɳ/ (n) hoạt động lặn biển
42. snorkeling /ˈsnɔː.kəl.ɪŋ/ (n) ống thở
43. declare /dɪˈkleər/ (v) tuyên bố
=> declaration /deklə'rei∫n/ (n): sự tuyên bố
=> declarative /di'klæretiv/(a): để tuyên bố
44. reserve /ri'zə:v/ (v) bảo tồn
45. wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ (n) động vật hoang dã
46. biodiversity /ˌbajoʊdəˈvɚsəti/ (n): sự đa dạng sinh học
GRAMMAR
COMPOUND NOUNS
(DANH TỪ GHÉP)
- Một danh từ ghép là một danh từ được tạo thành với hai hay nhiều từ. Ví dụ: air-traffic
controller (điều khiển không lưu).
- Một danh từ ghép thường được tại nên bởi:
+ danh từ - danh từ: bus stop (trạm xe buýt)
+ tính từ - danh từ: wildlife (động vật hoang dã)
+ V-ing – danh từ: washing machine (máy giặt)
+ danh từ -V-ing: film-making (làm phim)
+ động từ - giới từ: break-out (sự bùng nổ)
- Một số danh từ ghép thường được viết như 1 từ (bedroom – phòng ngủ), một số là các từ tách
biệt (tennis shoes – giày chơi quần vợt), và một số khác có dấu gạch nối (film-maker – nhà làm
phim)
- Ngay cả khi danh từ đầu tiên có nghĩa số nhiều nó cũng thường có hình thức số ít (car park
– bãi đỗ xe).
- Để tạo nên danh từ ghép số nhiều, chúng ta thường thêm hình thức số nhiều của danh từ thứ 2
(car parks – những bãi đỗ xe). Có một số ngoại lệ (clothes shop – cửa hàng quần áo, passer-by
– người qua đường)
PRACTICE
Part 1: What do we call these things and people?
1. A ticket for a concert is a_______________.
2. Problems concerning health are_________________.
3. A magazine about computers is _________________.
4. Photographs taken on your holiday are your _________________.
5. Chocolate made with milk is _________________.
6. Somebody whose job is to inspect factories is _________________.
7. A horse that runs in races is _________________.
8. A race for horses is _________________.
9. A hotel in central London is _________________.
10. The results of your exams are your _________________.
11. The carper in the dining room is _________________.
12. A scandal involving an oil company is _________________.
13. Workers at a car factory are _________________.
14. A scheme to improve a road is _________________.
15. A course that lasts five days is _________________.
16. A question that has two parts is _________________.
17. A girl who is seven years old is _________________.
Part 2: Choose the words given to complete the following sentences
road accident belt card credit editor
forecast newspaper number seat shop weather window
room
1. This can be caused by bad driving. 🡺 a road accident (example)
2. If you're staying at a hotel you need to remember this. 🡺 your _______________
3. You should wear this when you're in a car. 🡺 a _______________
4. You can often use this to pay for things instead of cash. 🡺 a _______________
5. If you want to know if it's going to rain you can read or listen. 🡺 the _______________
6. This person is a top journalist. 🡺 a _______________
7. You might stop to look at this when you're walking along a street. 🡺 a _______________
Part 3. Complete the sentences using the following (Sometimes you need the singular and
sometimes the plural.)
15 minute(s) 60 minute(s) two hour(s) five day(s) two year(s) 500 year(s)
six mile(s) six mile(s) 20 pound(s) five course(s) ten page(s) 450 pages(s)
1. It's quite a long book. There are 450 pages.
2. A few days ago I received a ten-page letter from Julia.
3. I didn't have any change. I only had a __________ note.
4. Henry usually has a __________ break for coffee at work in the morning.
5. There are __________ in an hour.
6. It's only a __________ flight from London to Madrid.
7. It was a very big meal. There were __________.
8. Mary has just started a new job. She's got a __________ contract.
9. The oldest building in the city is the __________ castle.
10. I work __________ a week. Saturday and Sunday are free.
11. We went for a long walk in the country. We must have walked ________.
12. We went for a __________ walk in the country.
Part 4: Use the words / phrases from the box to complete the sentences.
greenhouse gases heat-related vehicle emissions
wildlife diversity Planting trees Climate change
1. The government must take measures to cut vehicle emissions. We need to preserve the
____________ because each species has an important role to play.
2. The increase in the Earth’s temperature can cause ________ illnesses which can be dangerous
to people.
3. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary ___________ that cause global warming.
4. ____________can contribute to reducing global warming as trees capture and absorb CO2 in
the air.
5. ____________may lead to the extinction of many species and upset the ecological balance.
6. The government must take measures to cut_______________.
MORE PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. fauna B. gorilla C. global D. flora
2. A. biodiversity B. native C. physical D. pesticide
 3. A. warming B. warn C. walk D. mammal
4. A. floor B. flood C. moorland D. door
5. A. disaster B. restore C. scuba D. reserve
6. A. impact B. emit C. climate D. continent
7. A. famine B. absorb C. attract D. global
8. A. capture B. transport C. atmosphere D. carbon
9. A. endanger B. wetland C. delta D. insect
10. A. unemployment B. scuba C. run D. hunt
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. mammal B. delta C. wetland D. effect
2. A. snorkeling B. disaster C. investment D. employment
3. A. declare B. reserve C. sightsee D. affect
4. A. disappear B. continue C. endanger D. recycle
5. A. climate B. damage C. ocean D. balloon
6. A. reserve B. global C. balance D. carbon
7. A. natural B. attractive C. dangerous D. tropical
8. A. rainforest B. pangolin C. continent D. animal
9. A. endanger B. continue C. overuse D. demolish
10. A. conservation B. environment C. diversity D. ecology
VOCABULARY
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. We have to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. balance B. protection C. control D. discharge
2. Unfortunately, many ecosystems around the world are being lost, damaged, or destroyed
because of climate change, pollution, and overuse of natural resources.
A. Happily B. Luckily C. Unluckily D. Additionally
3. Cuc Phuong National Park has a very rich ecosystem.
A. outstanding B. stunning C. wealthy D. controversial
4. Ecosystems also include non-living things, like sunlight, air, soil, and water.
A. encompass B. deter C. avert D. attain
5. Healthy ecosystems are essential for human health and survival because they provide us with
goods such as food, energy, raw materials, clean water, and air.
A. indispensable B. meaningful C. committed D. thinkable
6. Many ecosystems around the world are being lost, damaged, or destroyed because of
climate change, pollution, and overuse of natural resources.
A. productivity B. combination C. variation D. cooperation
7. The park is famous for its diverse ecosystems, including mangrove forests and wetlands.
1. infamous B. conditional C. renowned D. furious
8. U Minh Thuong National Park is located in An Bien, An Minh, and Vinh Thuan districts of
Kien Giang Province, about 60 km south of Rach Gia city centre.
A. supposed B. situated C. relocated D. evacuated.
9. It attracts tourists not only with its wild and beautiful scenery but also with its rare and rich
biodiversity.
A. scarce B. abundant C. plentiful D. supportive
10. U Minh Thuong National Park covers a large area of freshwater wetlands, including
mangrove forests.
A. spreads B. coats C. replaces D. combines
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Another popular place to visit is Trang Chim, a large area with thousands of colourful birds.
A. odorless B. colourless C. tasteless D. soundless
2. So if you love nature, you should definitely go to explore this amazing natural park.
A. artificial B. diverse C. indefinite D. equivalent
3. National parks should be managed in a way that minimizes the impact of human activities
such as logging, mining, and construction.
A. urbanizes B. maximizes C. realizes D. economizes
4. Adequate resources should be provided to national parks and their staff to ensure that they
can effectively manage and protect the parks.
A. redundant B. deficient C. stagnant D. thoughtful
5. This can help maintain a healthy balance within the ecosystem, which can benefit other
species that depend on the hunted animal for food or other resources.
A. advantage B. harm C. demolish D. influence
6. Half of our coral reefs have disappeared and it's believed that 90% of the world coral reefs
will die by 2050
A. familiarized B. lost C. restored D. appeared
7. People are destroying the balance of local ecosystems, aren't they?
A. demolishing B. protecting C. defending D. maintaining
8. I really love that idea because It's so important to reduce waste.
A. increase B. complete C. mitigate D. ensure
9. Ecosystem restoration can help end poverty, fight climate change, and prevent the loss of flora
and fauna on every continent and in every ocean.
A. continue B. stop C. finish D. complete
10. The people of Hanoi are also very industrious and hard-working.
A. reliable B. lazy C. brutal D. supportive
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. This old forest is _________ to thousands of different kinds of plants, insects, and animals.
A. office B. home C. place D. destination
2. _________also includes non-living things, like sunlight, air, soil, and water
A. Global warming B. Biodiversity C. Climate change D. Ecosystem
3. Cat Ba National Park has many plant species that can be used as__________.
A. medicine B. treatment C. cure D. herbal
4. Many young people are really interested in wildlife __________ nowadays.
A. place B. conservation C. park D. area
5. Ten of them, including the fishing cat and Sunda pangolin, are on the list of rare and
_____________ species, native to VietNam.
A. protective B. conservative C. dangerous D. endangered
6. They provide food and _________for many animal species.
A. park B. home C. shelter D. place
7. Finally, this will _________ local biodiversity and have a serious effect on the balance of the
local ecosystem.
A. harm B. destroy C. hurt D. damage
8. It is more important to ________in healthcare and education.
A. result B. invest C. focus D. care
9. Air and water pollution are _________ our health.
A. hurting B. destroying C. affecting D. damaging
10. Ecosystem restoration can help end poverty, fight climate change, and prevent loss of flora
and fauna on every _________and in every ocean.
A. continent B. country C. place D. region
11. The plan is to ________ 100 million hectares of damaged land, limit the amount of carbon
dioxide and create 10 million green jobs in Africa.
A. harrow B. plough C. protect D. restore
12. ____________: land protected by the government because of its natural beauty or special
history
A. National park B. Natural resources C. Raw materials D. Climate change
13. Koalas and kangaroos are __________to Australia only.
A. harmful B. native C. conservative D. fragile
14. Some groups of__________, including lions and tigers, eat mainly meat.
A. amphibians B. animals C. reptiles D. mammals
15. The park is famous for its ________ecosystems, including mangrove forests and wetlands.
A. unique B. only C. diverse D. different
16. The ideal time to explore U Minh Thuong National Park is from August to November,
known as the ________water season of the region.
A. muddy B. low C. floating D. high
17. If you love________, you should definitely go to explore this amazing natural park.
A. nature B. sight-seeing C. travelling D. discovery
18. You can find nearly 200 types of birds and 32 ________there.
A. amphibians B. animals C. reptiles D. mammals
19. National Parks _________ wildlife, habitats, and nature from destruction and human impact.
A. improve B. maintain C. balance D. protect
20. Hunting wild animals can lead to the depletion of certain animal populations, which can
________ the natural balance of an ecosystem.
A. delete B. boost C. enhance D. disrupt
21. __________ wild animals can lead to the depletion of certain animal populations, which can
disrupt the natural balance of an ecosystem.
A. Conserving B. Hunting C. Killing D. Protecting
22. We can help protect local ____________by supporting laws and regulations that ban the
hunting of wild animals.
A. biodiversity B. change C. variety D. difference
23. Finally, this will harm local biodiversity and have a _________effect on the balance of the
local ecosystem.
A. normal B. whole C. partly D. serious
24. ___________wild animals in the park is not a good idea because it can disrupt their natural
diet and behavior.
A. Cooking B. Feeding C. Damaging D. Hurting
25. Throwing rubbish in the park is __________ to the environment and the wildlife.
A. reliable B. sensitive C. harmful D. beneficial
26. It is important to __________of the waste properly by using designated bins or taking it with
us when we leave the park.
A. dispose B. consist C. balance D. keep
27. We should ___________the park rules and use designated fire pits if available or bring our
own portable stove for cooking.
A. understand B. respect C. consider D. conduct
28. Coming to Hanoi capital, we cannot ignore attractive tourist __________such as Hoan Kiem
Lake, Quoc Tu Giam Temple, Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, Bat Trang Pottery Village, and so on.
A. trips B. tours C. views D. destinations
29. I was attracted to the unforgettable __________ of Hanoi such as Trang Tien ice cream,
Vong village nuggets, Ho Tay shrimp cakes, and so on.
A. styles B. specialties C. foods D. tastes
30. But now, Hanoi's ecosystem is seriously affected by human__________.
A. impacts B. activities C. actions D. relationships
31. We need to take some of the following ___________to protect and restore the ecosystem.
A. ways B. measures C. applications D. steps
32. Human should try to _________the amount of non-biodegradable or recycle waste.
A. increase B. influence C. absorb D. reduce
33. Illegal hunting and poaching can be a major _________to endangered species.
A. threat B. impact C. abandonment D. destruction
34. __________the hunting of wild animals will help protect local biodiversity by allowing
animal populations to recover and thrive.
A. Preventing B. Limiting C. Allowing D. Banning
35. We can help protect local biodiversity by _________ laws and regulations that ban the
hunting of wild animals.
A. caring B. supporting C. checking D. combining
36. We can also __________awareness about the importance of protecting local biodiversity and
the negative effects of hunting on ecosystems.
A. increase B. spread C. enhance D. boost
37. From my point of view, people should _________restoring local ecosystems as it is crucial
for the survival of our planet.
A. promote B. offer C. prioritize D. invest
38. The most important reason why we should ________local ecosystems is that they provide
numerous benefits to both humans and animals.
A. restore B. discover C. concentrate D. ban
39. Without healthy ecosystems, we will _______ numerous problems such as air and water
pollution, food scarcity, and natural disasters.
A. lure B. face C. solve D. compose
40. Neglecting the restoration of local ecosystems has led to the _________ of many species and
the loss of habitats for others.
A. extinction B. cooperation C. combination D. interaction
41. It is essential for the survival of our planet, and it will provide numerous benefits to
__________ humans and animals.
A. both B. either C. neither D. but
42. It has also affected the lives _________ livelihoods of people who depend on natural
resources for their survival.
A. and B. because C. so D. furthermore
43. We should invest in restoring local ecosystems ________ human activities such as
deforestation and pollution have caused serious harm to our planet.
A. because B. therefore C. so that D. though
44. _________we go on field trips to national parks, we always go hiking. It's my favorite
activity.
A. Though B. When C. because D. So
45. _______ its launch in 2007, Ethiopia and Nigeria have restored millions of hectares of land,
and Senegal has planted more than 10 million trees.
A. Because B. Since C. For D. Until
46. Between 2009 and 2018, it was declared endangered _________pollution and the destruction
of its ecosystems.
A. so B. because of C. however D. since
47. _________ the government is trying to protect the large areas of forests, people cut down
trees very quickly for the use of their daily life.
A. Despite B. Although C. In spite of D. Because
48. A healthy ecosystem brings many benefits, ________ cleaning our air and water, providing
food and controlling climate change.
A. Because B. Only if C. Even though D. such as
49. This may happen ________we damage the fine balance among all living and non-living
things in the ecosystems
A. Because B. if C. Even though D. In addition
50. Half of our coral reefs have disappeared, and it's believed that 90% of the world coral reefs
will die by 2050 _________ warming oceans and pollution.
A. thanks to B. because of C. due to D. despite
WORD FORM
1. There are _________ things that humans can do to protect and restore the earth's
ecosystems. (VARY)
2. Humans can support ____________organizations and initiatives that aim to protect
endangered species, forests, wetlands, and other ecosystems. (CONSERVE)
3. Humans can promote __________agriculture practices such as using natural fertilizers, crop
rotation, and reducing the use of harmful pesticides and herbicides. (SUSTAIN)
4. Humans also can advocate for the adoption of policies that protect the environment such as
reducing greenhouse gas ________and investing in renewable energy. (EMIT)
5. Overall, humans have a ___________ to protect and restore the earth's ecosystems for the
benefit of future generations. (RESPONSIBLE)
6. By restoring local ecosystems, we can help reverse some of these __________effects and
preserve our planet for future generations. (NEGATE)
7. It has also affected the lives and ___________ of people who depend on natural resources for
their survival. (LIVE)
8. Below are two examples of successful __________ projects. (ECOLOGY)
9. This will provide rich land, food____________ , and improve the region’s ability to deal with
climate change. (SECURE)
10. Belize has also stopped oil drilling near the Barrier Reef, banned plastic__________, and
created ‘no-take zones’, where removing plants and animals is not allowed. (PRODUCE)
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
1. This old forest is home of thousands of different kinds of plants, insects, and animals.
A B C D
2. Healthy ecosystems are essential for human health and survival though they provide
us with goods
A B C
such as food, energy, raw materials, clean water, and air
D
3. I really liked the colourful butterflies and the thousand-years-old tree.
A B C D
4. U Minh Thuong National Park is located at An Bien, An Minh, and Vinh Thuan districts of
Kien Giang
A B C
Province, about 60 km south of Rach Gia city centre.
D
5. It attracts tourists not only with it’s wild and beautiful scenery,but also with its rare and rich
biodiversity.
A B C D
6. Another popular place for visit is Trang Chim, a large area with thousands of colourful birds.
A B C D
7. You can find near 200 types of birds and 32 mammals there.
A B C D
8. People needn’t to understand the importance of national parks and the impact that
their actions can have on them.
A B C
D
9. Visitors should be educated about how to behave responsible in national parks, such as
avoiding
A B C
littering, staying on marked trails, and not disturbing wildlife.
D
10. National parks should be managing in a way that minimizes the impact of human
activities such as
A B C
logging, mining, and construction.
D
SPEAKING
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following
exchanges.
1. John and Mary are talking to each other.
John: “I would choose banning the hunting of wild animals as a way to protect local
biodiversity.”
Mary: “_________________”
A. That’s a good choice. B. That’s something I need to say.
C. That’s new to me. D. That’s the way many people do.
2. John and Mark are talking to each other.
John: “How will it help protect local biodiversity?”
Mark: “_________________.”
A. That is unacceptable. B. I think it depends on
C. The prospect of your sharing excites me. D. I highly appreciate your support.
3. John and Ms Hoa are talking to each other.
John: “We should protect our ecosystems, shouldn't we?
Ms Hoa: “_____________”
A. I shouldn’t do that. B. No, I can’t hear you.
C. I hope not D. That's right.
4. John and Mary are talking to each other.
John” “It’s very important to protect and restore ecosystem for future generations.”
Mary: “______________________."
A. It’s potential and healthy B. That’s right. We must do that for our future
generations.
C. I see your problem D. I understand what you mean.
5. Mai and Mark are talking to each other.
Mai: “Perhaps we should learn more about the birds in the park.”
Mark: “Good idea! __________________”
A. I really love birdwatching. B. Birdwatching is boring.
C. Okay, I'll talk about it later. D. Many people think badly about birdwatching.
READING COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions.
SOLAR ENERGY
For 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar
energy that reaches the Earth. Yet, even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar
constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere
absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the
ground.
With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure the
Sun's output without being impeded by the Earth's atmosphere. Solar Max, a satellite from the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has been measuring the Sun's output
since February 1980. Although a malfunction in the satellite's control system
limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was repaired in orbit by observation from the
space shuttle in 1984. Max's observations indicate that the solar constant is not really constant
after all.
Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of
large groups of sunspots on the Sun’s disk. Sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Sun’s
surface. Particularly large fluctuations in the solar constant have coincided with sightings of
large sunspot groups. In 1980, for example, Solar Max’s instrument registered a 0.3 percent drop
in solar energy reaching the Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0.6 percent of the
solar disk, an area 20 times larger than the Earth’s surface.
Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although
Solar Max's data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Sun's output, some scientists
have thought that the satellite's aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the
years, thus falsely indicating a drop in the solar constant. This possibility was dismissed,
however, by comparing Solar Max's observations with data from a similar instrument
operating on NASA's Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.
1. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. The launching of a weather satellite
B. The components of the Earth's atmosphere
C. The measurement of variations in the solar constant
D. The interaction of sunlight and air pollution
2. Why does the author mention "gas" and "dust" in paragraph 1?
A. They interfere with accurate measurement of the solar constant.
B. They are found in varying concentrations.
C. Scientific equipment is ruined by gas and dust.
D. They magnify the solar constant.
3. The word “its” in paragraph 2 refers to .
A. malfunction B. orbit C. atmosphere D. satellite
4. According to the passage, scientists think that Solar Max might be giving unreliable
information because_________.
A. Solar Max did not work for the first few years.
B. the space shuttle could not fix Solar Max's Instruments.
C. Solar Max's Instruments were getting old.
D. Nimbus 7 Interfered with Solar Max's detectors.
5. The attempt to describe the solar constant can best be described as_______
A. an ongoing research effort
B. an issue that has been resolved
C. a question that can never be answered
D. historically Interesting, but irrelevant to contemporary concerns
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions.
Global sea level has been rising over the past century, and the rate has increased in recent
decades. In 2014, the global sea level was 2.6 inches above the 1993 average the highest annual
average in the satellite record (1993 present). Sea level continues to rise at a rate of about one-
eighth of an inch per year.
Higher sea levels mean that deadly and destructive storm surges push farther inland
than they once did, which also means more frequent nuisance flooding. Disruptive and
expensive, nuisance flooding is estimated to be from 300 percent to 900 percent more frequent
within U.S. coastal communities than it was just 50 years ago.
The two major causes of global sea level rise are thermal expansion caused by the warming
of the ocean since water expands as it warms and increased melting of land-based ice, such as
glaciers and ice sheets. The oceans are absorbing more than 90 percent of the increased
atmospheric heat associated with emissions from human activity.
 With continued ocean and atmospheric warming, sea levels will likely rise for many
centuries at rates higher than those of the current century. In the United States, almost 40 percent
of the population lives in relatively high population density coastal areas, where sea level plays a
part in flooding, shoreline erosion, and hazards from storms. Globally, eight of the world’s 10
largest cities are near a coast, according to the U.N. Atlas of the Oceans.
(Adapted from https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/)
1. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
A. An increasing rate of sea level rise
B. Sea level and its effects on the world’s largest cities
C. Sea level within U.S. coastal communities
D. Sea level and emissions from human activity
2. The word “rise” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. reduce B. increase C. decline D. decrease
3. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. storm surges B. floods C. coastal communities D. sea levels
4. According to paragraph 3, all of the following are the major causes of global sea level rise
EXCEPT ______.
A. ice melting B. human activity C. population density D. thermal expansion
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?
A. Nearly 40 percent of the population of the U.S. lives in densely populated coastal areas.
B. Sea level rise will only affect the world’s largest cities near the coast.
C. Sea level has no relation to flooding, shoreline erosion, and hazards from storms.
D. Sea levels will likely rise for many centuries at rates of the current century.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word
or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
How big is an ecosystem?
Ecosystems can be (1)__________ any size, but usually they are places. An ecosystem may be of
very different size. It may be a whole forest, as well as a small pond. An ecosystem may be as
large as the Great Barrier Reef or as small as the back of a spider crab's shell,
(2)__________provides a home for plants and other animals, (3)__________ sponges, algae and
worms.
Ecosystem boundaries are not marked (separated) by rigid lines. Ecosystems are often separated
by (4)__________ barriers such as deserts, mountains, oceans, lakes and rivers. (sách của
Nguyễn Henry: 0932128400) As these borders are never rigid, ecosystems tend to blend into
each other. Therefore, a lake can have many small ecosystems with their own unique
characteristics. As a result, the whole earth can be seen as a single ecosystem, or a lake can be
(5)__________ into several ecosystems, depending on the used scale. Scientists call this
blending “ecotone”
(Cited: https://australian.museum/learn/species-identification/ask-an-expert/what-is-an-
ecosystem/)
1. A. on B. of C. in D. at
2. A. whose B. who C. which D. that
3. A. such as B. like C. as D. such
4. A. geographer B. geography C. geographically D. geographical
5. A. shared B. put C. turned D. divided
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word
or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors in the Ecosystem
In the case of Biotic factors, without the producers on this earth, there would be no other life
existing as it is seen in today's world. These biotic factors are (1)_________ to the food chains
that are formed of all other ecosystems on earth. For example, a tree produces fruits that can be
consumed by human beings or any other living organism. The same tree also helps in converting
the carbon dioxide from the normal air to oxygen, (2)_______ is breathed in by humans during
the process of photosynthesis. Moreover, the plant also stores energy and acts as a decomposing
factor, which can be used as fuel as well. Therefore (3)_______ single valuable producer is
producing more than one factor of life on earth, making the ecosystem more lively (4)________
worthwhile than any other living organism on earth.
Likewise, the abiotic factors comprise all physical and (5)________ nonliving parts of an
ecosystem that shapes its environment and help in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. In a
terrestrial ecosystem, examples might include temperature, light, and water and in a marine type
of ecosystem, abiotic factors would include the salinity and the currents present in the ocean.
(Cited: https://www.vedantu.com/biology/importance-of-
ecosystem)
1. A. fundamental B. great C. neccessary D. harmful
2. A. whose B. who C. what D. which
3. A. 0 B. the C. a D. an
4. A. and B. but C. so D. though
5. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemically D. chemist
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word
or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Ecosystem Services & Biodiversity (ESB)
Ecosystems – living elements which interact (1)_________ each other and their non-living
environments – provide benefits, or services, to the world.
Ecosystem services make human life possible by, for example, providing (2)__________ food
and clean water, regulating disease and climate, supporting the pollination of crops and soil
formation, and providing recreational, cultural and spiritual benefits. Despite an estimated value
of $125 trillion, these assets are not adequately accounted for in political and economic policy,
(3)__________ means there is insufficient investment in their protection and management. Read
about the four types of services the world’s ecosystems provide in the section below.
Biodiversity includes diversity within and among species (4)________ ecosystems. Changes in
biodiversity can (5)__________the supply of ecosystem services. Biodiversity, as with
ecosystem services, must be protected and sustainably managed.
(Cited: https://www.fao.org/ecosystem-services-biodiversity/en/)
1. A. off B. at C. on D. with
2. A. nutritionist B. nutritiously C. nutritious D. nutrition
3. A. which B. what C. whose D. who
4. A. though B. and C. but D. so
5. A. turn B. interfere C. influence D. give
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word
or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
My family and I went on a vacation to Iceland last week. It was amazing! I didn't even want to
go at first (1)_________. But then my dad showed me pictures of the volcanoes and glaciers, and
they looked so cool.
Iceland is a beautiful country. The grasslands and mountains (2)______________. Even though
it was too cold to go swimming at the beach, there are some really nice views
(3)_______________. We even got to see the Northern Lights. They were incredible! Normally
you can only see them late at night, so we left the hotel around 10 p.m. My whole family
(4)___________, and then we went whale watching in the morning and glacier hiking in the
afternoon. That was my favorite a day.
The day after that wasn't so great because it was freezing outside. I only brought one jacket, so
we stayed at the hotel all day. We had some more sunshine the next day though and rented a car
(5)_____________. Hiking and seeing nature weren't the only activities we did. On the last day,
we took baths in natural hot springs. That was so relaxing after all the adventures.
( https://loigiaihay.com/tieng-anh-11-unit-7-lesson-2-
a144534.html)
1. A. because I am hating the cold B. because the cold makes me
hate
C. but I hate the coldness D. because I hate the cold
2. A. are making them feel so peaceful B. made it for the so peaceful feeling
C. make it feel so peaceful D. make it feel so peace
3. A. which the mountains meet the sea B. when the mountains meet the sea
C. in that the mountains meet the sea D. where the mountains meet the sea
4. A. stayed up all night B. have stayed up all night
C. are stayed up all night D. were stayed up all night
5. A. not to hike some glaciers on the west side of the island.
B. to have hiked some glaciers on the west side of the island.
C. to hike some glaciers on the west side of the island.
D. to be hiking some glaciers on the west side of the island.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word
or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
An ecosystem is the basic functional unit of an environment where organisms interact with
each other (living and nonliving), both necessary for the maintenance of life on earth. It
includes plants, animals, microorganisms, and all other living things along with their
nonliving environment, (1)__________ soil, land, air, water, dust, and other parts of nature.
(2)___________________, the basic unit starts from the Ecosystem. The study of the
Ecosystem (3)__________ how organisms living together interact with each other and how
energy flows through the chain of organisms in the Ecosystem. It also studies how an
organism lives in a relationship (4)_____________ by one another to live in a sustainable
manner.
It is seen in nature that the Ecosystem can be as large or small. It depends on the number
of abiotic components available in the environment. The ecosystem in the north or south
poles (5)______________ as compared to a tropical climate like a forest due to the extreme
climate the animals are subjected to. Only organisms that are resistant to such an
environment will be able to make up the Ecosystem. Overall, it is understood that different
ecosystems combined would make up the biosphere.
 (https://www.vedantu.com/biology/
ecosystem)
1. A. which are including B. which include
C. which is included D. which includes
2. A. Unless ecology has to be studied in detail B. Though ecology has to be studied in
detail
C. If ecology has to be studied in detail D. Because ecology has to be studied in detail
3. A. deals with B. is dealing with C. deal with D. was dealing
with
4. A. which is harm or benefitted B. that is harmful or benefit
C. in which is harmful or benefitted D. that is harmful or benefitted
5. A. did not have much flora and fauna B. do not have much flora and fauna
C. does not have much flora and fauna D. does not have many flora and fauna
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of
the following questions.
1. On Sunday, it's probable that we won't go camping in the woods.
A. This Sunday, we'll most likely go camping in the woods.
B. This Sunday, we won't be camping in the woods.
C. This Sunday's camping trip in the woods might not happen.
D. This Sunday, we must not camp in the forest.
2. The crowd became increasingly angry at the serious air pollution.
A. The crowd became very angry, but the air pollution was so serious.
B. The more increasingly the crowd became, the more serious the air pollution was.
C. The more serious the air pollution was, the angrier the crowd became.
D. The more the crowd became angry at the air pollution, the more serious they feel.
3. I'd appreciate it if you didn't smoke in this area.
A. I'd rather you refrained from smoking in this area.
B. I'd like you refrain from smoking in this area.
C. I'd rather you don’t from smoking in this area.
D. I'd rather you refrain from smoking in this area.
4. Due to schedule constraints, the meeting was postponed.
A. Because people wanted to leave, the meeting started early.
B. The meeting could not be held because of time constraints.
C. The scheduled start time for the meeting is shortly.
D. More time was spent in the meeting than normal.
5. My father never allows me to go camping in the forest because of the possible danger.
A. My father never goes camping in the forest because of the possible danger.
B. I usually go camping in the forest because of the possible danger.
C. I was not allowed to go camping in the forest because of the possible danger by my father.
D. My father never lets me go camping in the forest because of the possible danger.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences given.
1. Tom has a temperature. Tom has a sore throat.
A. Tom has a temperature but a sore throat.
B. Although Tom has a temperature, he has a sore throat.
C. Tom has a temperature, so he has a sore throat.
D. Tom has a temperature and a sore throat.
2. It’s raining. I will stay at home and sleep.
A. It's raining, so I will stay at home and sleep.
B. It's raining, but I will stay at home and sleep.
C. Although It's raining, so I will stay at home and sleep.
D. It's raining, when I will stay at home and sleep.
3. You went to Cuc Phuong National Park last weekend. It was great that I could see beautiful
landscapes.
A. It was great for you to go to Cuc Phuong National Park last weekend and see beautiful
landscapes.
B. Going to Cuc Phuong National Park was as good as seeing beautiful landscapes.
C. It was great for you to go to Cuc Phuong National Park the last weekend but see beautiful
landscapes.
D. I could see beautiful landscapes in Cuc Phuong National Park last weekend, and it is great.
4. Tropical forests usually have a great variety of flora and fauna. They are coming from
different places.
A. Tropical forests usually have a great variety of flora and fauna which are coming from
different places.
B. Tropical forests usually have a great variety of flora and fauna, so they are coming from
different places.
C. Although tropical forests usually have a great variety of flora and fauna, they are coming from
different places.
D. Tropical forests usually have a great variety of flora and fauna though they are coming from
different places.
5. Cat Ba National Park has many plant species. They can be used as medicine.
A. Cat Ba National Park has many plant species that can be used as medicine.
B. Although Cat Ba National Park has many plant species, they can be used as medicine.
C. Cat Ba is a place where has many plant species.
D. Cat Ba National Park has many plant species using as medicine for people.
Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the
sentences to make a meaningful paragraph/letter in each of the following questions.
Arrangement
a. Yes, Cuc Phuong National Park has a very rich ecosystem.
c. What's an ecosystem, Ms Hoa?
d. Nam, you went to Cuc Phuong National Park last weekend, didn‘t you?
e. Yes, that’s right. It was an amazing trip. This old forest is home to thousands of different kind
of plants, insects, and animals. I really liked the colourful butterflies and the thousand-year-old
tree.
b. It's a community that has living things, like flora and fauna. Flora refers to plants and fauna
refers to animals, including tiny organisms, like bacteria. Ecosystems also include non-living
things, like sunlight, air, soil, and water.
A. d-e-a-c-b B. c-a-d-e-b C.b-a-e-d-c D. d-a-c-e-b
Arrangement 2
e. I think it's really interesting how people and animals have affected some ecosystems.
d. Hi, Steven. What are you doing here? Don't you have class?
a.How are you? I have a free period, so I'm reading about foreign species.
c. Really? What for?
b. What do you mean?
f. Well, for 1000s of years, humans have been bringing animals to parts of the world they aren't
native to.
A. d-e-a-c-b-f B. f-c-a-d-e-b C.f-b-a-e-d-c D. d-a-c-e-b-f
Arrangement 3
a. I don't think I want to see that. It's almost lunchtime.
e. Alright.
c. Sometimes they have to kill them with poison which is sad but good for the ecosystem in
general.
f. Wow! What can they do about the snakes?
b. Some people are trying to hunt them. There's a video online of two guys who caught a pipe
five meters long. Do you want to see?
d. So what else can be done about foreign species?
A. d-e-a-c-b-f B. f-c-a-d-e-b C.f-b-a-e-d-c D. d-a-c-e-b-f