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Chap 1

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23 views6 pages

Chap 1

Uploaded by

Tzipporah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Contents:

Chapter 1 : Multi-variables Functions

Chapter 2: Partial Derivatives

Chapter 3: Double & Triple Integrals

Chapter 4: Vector Functions

Chapter 5: Line Integrals

Chapter 6: Surface Integrals

1
Chapter 1: Multivariable Functions

1.1 Functions of two variables


Definition:
A function f of two real variables, x, and y, is a rule that
assigns a unique real number f ( x, y ) to each point ( x, y )
in some set D of the xy –plane.

The domain of a function is a set of points at which the


function is defined.

Example 1.1:
Let f ( x, y )  3x 2 y  1. Find f (1,4) , f (0,9) , and the
natural domain of f.

Example 1.2:
Sketch the natural domain of the function
f ( x, y )  ln( x 2  y )

Example 1.3
1
Find the domain and the range of the function f ( x, y ) 
xy

2
Given 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)

Definition: A level curve of a function f ( x, y ) is the


curve f ( x, y )  c in the xy-plane. It consists of the points
 x, y  where the function has the value c.
Let 𝑥 = 𝑐=constant. A curve 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑦) in the 𝑦𝑧-plane is
called a trace.

Let 𝑦 = 𝑐=constant. A curve 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑥𝑧-plane is


called a trace.

Example:

Given 𝑧 = 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 9.
(i) Sketch the levels curves of the function for
𝑧 = −9, −5,0,7.
(ii) Sketch the traces of the function for 𝑥 = 0
and 𝑦 = 0.
(iii) Sketch the graph of the function.

3
Common surfaces

𝑥2 𝑦2
1. Paraboloid : 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

𝑥2 𝑦2
2. Cone : 𝑐𝑧 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2

𝑧2 𝑥2 𝑦2
3. Double cones : 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
4. Ellipsoid : 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 1

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
5. Hyperboloid of one sheet : 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 = 1

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
6. Hyperboloid of two sheets: − 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 1

𝑥2 𝑦2
7. Hyperbolic Paraboloid : − 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐𝑧, 𝑐 >0

4
1.2 Functions with three variables

Definition:
A function f of three real variables, x, y, and z, is a rule
that assigns a unique real number f ( x, y, z ) to each point
( x, y, z ) in some set D of three-dimensional space.

Example:
Find the domain of the following functions:
(i) f ( x, y, z )  xy ln z
1
(ii) f ( x, y, z )  2
x  y2  z2

Level Surfaces

Definition: A level surface of f ( x, y, z ) is the surface


f ( x, y, z )  c in xyz-space where the function has a
constant value.

Example:
If w  f ( x, y, z )  z  x 2  y 2  c , sketch the level
surfaces of f , for c  1,0,1,2 .

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