Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

In the journey of life, unexpected challenges often arise, testing the

researcher resilience and determination. For teenage parents attending Talisay

Senior High School, the path to academic success is intricately woven with the

responsibilities of parenthood. This chapter delves into the poignant narrative of

balancing the demands of education with the joys and trials of raising a child at

a tender age.

Introduction

Shifting classes while being a teenage parent is challenging, but it's

important to prioritize and manage time effectively to achieve success.

prioritizing and managing time effectively are essential components of success

for teenage parents navigating the challenges of shifting classes. With the

responsibilities of parenthood alongside academic pursuits, time becomes a

precious commodity that must be carefully allocated. By prioritizing tasks and

utilizing effective time management strategies, teenage parents can maximize

productivity and achieve their educational goals despite the obstacles they face.

In the journey of life, unexpected challenges often arise, testing the researcher

resilience and determination. For teenage parents attending Talisay Senior High

School, the path to academic success is intricately woven with the

responsibilities of parenthood. This chapter delves into the poignant narrative of

balancing the demands of education with the joys and trials of raising a child at

a tender age.
 Teenage pregnancy is a significant issue that affects the lives of many young

individuals worldwide In the context of Talisay Senior High School, teenage

parents face unique challenges as they navigate through their academic journey

while also fulfilling their parental responsibilities

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory provides a comprehensive

framework for understanding the complex interplay of factors that influence the

experiences of teenage parents navigating the challenges of shifting classes

while balancing parenthood. By considering the multiple layers of influence

within the ecological system, educators, policymakers, and support

organizations can develop targeted interventions and support systems to

enhance the academic success and well-being of teenage parents.

Research paradigm

INPUT PROCESS Output

NAVIGATING THE -INTERVIEW The researchers will
STRUGGLES IN propose an action plan.
SHIFTING CLASSES -THEMATIC CODING
OF A TEENAGE
PARENTS IN TALISAY
SENIOR
HIGHSCHOOL
 Figure 1. Input-Process- Output Model

Figure 1 is an Input-Process-Output Model that shows the research

paradigm of the study. The title of this research is stated in the input box. Next

is the process box, which describes the steps that the researchers will take to

collect responses from the respondents. It also includes on how the researchers

will interpret the data they will collect from their respondents. Then, the

outcome is presented in the third box.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to navigate struggles in shifting classes among teenage

parents in Talisay senior high school. Specifically, it seeks to answer the

following:

1. What is the effect of the shifting classes to the teenage parents of Talisay

Senior High School?

2. How they adjust their school and parental responsibilities during the

shifting of classes?

3. Based on the finding, what action plan can be proposed?

Significance of the study

This study is significant to the individuals or groups to benefit from this

such as principals, teachers, parents, students, and future researchers.

Principal. They can support initiatives that promote better understanding upon

the struggles in shifting classes among teenage parents.

Teachers- they can use the findings for more effective teaching about the

struggles in shifting classes among teenage parents.

Parents- they will benefit from this study for providing insights into their

children about the struggles that teenage parents face

Students- they can benefit on this research because it can enhance their

knowledge about this research.

Future Researchers- they can build upon this study to deepen their

understanding about the struggles in shifting classes among teenage parents.

Teenage Parents- they can build understanding to avoid the struggles that

teenage parents face during shifting classes in Talisay senior high school.

Scope and limitations

The aim of the study is to navigate struggles in shifting classes among

teenage parents in Talisay Senior High School. In addition, the respondents of

this study will be the teenage parents who are having struggles in shifting

classes in Talisay Senior High School. The study will be conducted during the

academic year 2023-2024.

Definitions of terms

Allocated-distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose.

Poignant-cause a feeling of sadness, also it means having power to affect

feeling or sympathies

intervention - the action or process of intervening.

Delves-research or make painstaking inquiries into something.

Commidity- Commodities are the raw materials that go into making all the

goods.

Teenage parents- a young couple that already parental responsibilities.

Struggles- make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction.

Navigating- a plan on something you want or you want to achieve.

Trials- a person, thing, or situation that tests a person's endurance or

forbearance.

Conducted-to organize and perform a particular activity.

Aim- to target something you want to get.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies that the researcher

considered in strengthening the important of the present study. It also presents

synthesis of the are to fully understand the research for better comprehension

of the study.
Foreign literature

According to Nila Ricks (2016) Teen pregnancy and parenting are often viewed

as social, economic, and

health problems, and the majority of teen pregnancy and parenting

literature is focused on the negative consequences suffered by teen

parents, their children, and society. Teen parents are more likely to drop

out of high school, rely on public assistance, and experience subsequent

pregnancies (Beers & Hollo, 2009). When teenage mothers drop out of

high school they jeopardize future success, because without a high school

diploma it is extremely difficult to find employment that can adequately

support a family. Becoming a teen parent also decreases the odds of

escaping poverty. In addition, teen fathers have a 25% to 30% lower

probability of graduating from high school than peers who are not fathers

(Covington, Peters, Sabia, & Price, 2011; Fletcher & Wolfe, 2012).

Children born to teen parents are more likely to have

developmental and academic delays, and often have literacy difficulties

and significantly lower standardized test scores. They are 50% more likely

to repeat a grade and are less likely to complete high school than children

born to non-teen parents (Jutte et al., 2010; National Campaign to Prevent

Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2010). Children born to teen mothers

are more likely to be born prematurely and/or with low birth weights, and

are at higher risk of dying in the perinatal period (Beers & Hollo, 2009;

Centers for Disease Control, 2011; Hoffman & Maynard, 2008; Jutte et al.

According to Mimmie Claudine Ngum Chi Watts, corresponding Pranee

Liamputtong, and Celia Mcmichael (2016) Motherhood brings increased

responsibilities, social recognition, and a sense of purpose for young mothers.

Despite the positive aspects of motherhood, participants faced challenges that

affected their lives. Most often, the challenges included coping with increased

responsibilities following the birth of the baby, managing the competing

demands of schooling, work and taking care of a baby in a site of settlement.

The young mothers indicated they received good support from their mothers,

siblings and close friends, but rarely from the father of their baby and the wider

community. Participants felt that teenage mothers are frowned upon by their

wider ethnic communities, which left them with feelings of shame and

embarrassment, despite the personal perceived benefits of achieving

motherhood.

According to Jessica F. Harding, corresponding author Jean Knab, Susan Zief,

Kevin Kelly, and Diana McCallum (2020) We identified 58 eligible studies.

Twenty-three studies were considered to provide rigorous evidence about either

education, contraceptive use, or repeat pregnancy or birth. Seventeen of these

studies showed at least one favorable effect on an outcome in one of these

domains, whereas the other six did not show any significant or substantial

effects in these domains. These 17 studies represent 14 effective programs.

According to Angelo Gregorio Liwag Castillo

Mary Aderianne Mendoza Mina Kristel Claire De Dios Rodriguez Ciara Ana

Peralta Santos (2015) Teenage pregnancy is a growing phenomenon in the

candida. The existing literature has mostly centered around the pregnant teen.

This phenomenological study instead turned its attention towards the

adolescent's mother and father. The authors explored the experiences of eleven

Filipino parents of adolescent mothers. The purpose of the study was to

uncover how Filipino fathers and mothers perceived the pregnancy and what

meanings they ascribed to it. After analysis of the data gathered from semi-

structured interviews of 11 parents, eight themes were identified: initial

reactions towards the pregnancy, too young, unconditional support,

realizations, Christian faith, love for grandchildren, relief at her financial

independence, and situational comparisons. The findings indicate how Filipino

cultural norms, spiritual beliefs, and socio-economic status impact their

attitudes towards their daughter's pregnancy. The researchers recommend that

attention be placed on ethnicity and demographics in order to better

understand how culture influences the experience of teenage pregnancy.

According to Simon Taukeni Results of this study reveal that being a student

mother is difficult to find enough time to navigate between studying and

parenting. Lidgard (2004) asserts that significant difficulty for mothers who are
students is lack of time to spend with their children, partners, extended families

and friends, and to study and complete assignments. Mitchell (2003) argues

that unfortunately, as dedicated as single mothers are to both their children

and their education, in the end, the time crunch can have devastating effects on

the relationship with their children. Students face many challenges during their

studies, some of them describe skipping lectures, feel weak, drowsy and lack

consideration in classes and one of the students fail her module. Levine (1993)

notes that the university culture tends to assume that students have time to

attend classes without other responsibilities. Students can treat their education

as their primary responsibility, as if their higher education is the centre of their

life (Levine, 1993). Despite that, it is evident from the results that participants

have their friends and family members supporting them to manage their dual

roles. Griffiths (2002) concurs that having available people who positively

support them in this respect, including extended family members, friends and

partners, seems vital in determining how well mothers cope with these

experiences.

Local literature

According to Ryan Ray Gatbonton (2021) Adolescent pregnancy is a

significant societal issue that results in lost opportunities for teenage girls in

both developed and developing countries. This phenomenological research

study explored the lived experience of adolescent mothers during their college

years. Eight participants were asked, via unstructured interview, to share their

experiences as college students in the midst of pregnancy. Data was analyzed

using Collaizi’s method, while member checks and expert audits of interview

outputs were done to ensure trustworthiness. Results show that the

participants went through several stages in their plight: they faced the

complexities of adolescent pregnancy alongside college education; dealt with life

and educational conflicts; appreciated the importance of education; found the

resolve to carry on for their child; and dreamt of a better future for their

families. These findings were clustered into themes and related to Parson’s

Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, and Latency theory, as adolescent

pregnancy paved the way for teenagers to assimilate society’s expectations of

responsible adulthood. Consistent with academic literature, the participants’

experiences show that adolescent mothers are vulnerable in the education

setting, and need proper guidance to achieve their full potential. This research

can serve as groundwork for initiating several educational reforms. A

multicomponent intervention program was developed that is rooted in school

and community partnerships.

According to Eunica B Sicam Isabela State University Marianne D Umawid

Jhonnabhelle Domingo Colot Januard Dagdag (2019) This phenomenological

study sought to explore the lived experiences of student mothers enrolled in a

Philippine higher education institution situated in the province. Participants

were determined using a purposive sampling technique with the following

criteria: currently enrolled in the higher education institution; has at least a

child; 20 years old or above. FB Messenger was used in interviewing and

gathering the research data. From the thematic data analysis, four major
themes were revealed: (1) challenges faced by student mothers; (2) advantages

of being a student mother; (3) managing time in dual roles; and (4) support by

others. The student mothers face challenges in performing their dual role such

as bullying, time management, and financial problem. The student mothers,

however, get source of inspiration, respect, school excuses, and important

lessons in life. Their parenting experience gives them a strong personality and

an inspiration to continue their education pursuits. Though managing time is

really hard for them, they are able to surpass it through time management and

parental help. Support systems such as their teachers, classmates, parents,

friends, and relatives also play a significant role in their lives. This study

provides understanding on how to make tertiary education more accessible and

transformational most especially to women who handle the dual roles as

students and parents.

According to Amos Amuribadek Adangabe Julius Tigtig Dogbey Alice

Emmanuella (2021) Education is a built-in mechanism that retains its essential

value as a human right, not as a static commodity to be viewed in isolation from

its larger context. Every person has the right to quality education and the

ability to guarantee their human rights are secure for the long term. This

research examined teenage mothers' struggles in school. The study employed a

descriptive phenomenological approach. Twelve teenage mothers were selected,

using a snowball sampling approach. Semi-structured interviews were used to

collect data from these teenage mothers by audio taping. The data was

transcribed, pursued and analysed thematically. The research revealed that

teenage mothers in school face various difficulties in school, including lack of

financial support, poor time management, low self-esteem, and emotional

instability. The further revealed that majority of teenage mothers in school

employ direct problem solving, cognitive decision making, understanding, and

constructive cognitive restructuring to cope with the challenges they face.

According to The Jordan Tovera Salvador Imam Abdul Rahman bin Ben Ryan

Jucay Sauce Marc Oneel Castillo Alvarez Ahrjaynes Balanag Rosario

Teenage(2018) Pregnancy had been a worldwide issue, and has raised large

numbers of campaigns and awareness to lessen its occurrence. The total

number of this phenomenon is increasing each year. Philippines is one of the

Asian countries which shares similar situation. In a study conducted by the

National Demographic and Health Survey in 2013, one out of every young

Filipino women age 15 to 19 is already a mother or pregnant with a first child.

Therefore, the government in partnership with the different non-government

agencies should exert efforts in resolving this issue. Teenage Pregnancies are

often associated with social development issues such as lack of sufficient

education and poverty. This often results to single parenthood which catalyzes

conditions that renders the mothers to become irresponsible. Hence, it conveys

a social stigma in various countries and cultures. This study would like to focus

on exploring the lived experiences of Filipino teenage mothers in their pre and

post-natal stage on how they prepare and accept their new roles as mothers.

The gathered data from the methods were analyzed and interpreted according to
qualitative content analysis. As a result, this generated emergent themes which

depicted the experiences of the participants.

According to Abraham decay (2022) The momentous event of a woman’s life is

to become a mother, but the experience differs from a teenager while enrolled in

high school. This case study sought to contribute to research that sought to

understand the experience of an adolescent mother. This research aimed to

understand the motherhood

experience while learning a teenage student at San Felipe High School, San

Manuel, Tarlac, Philippines. This study is qualitative and employed semi-

structured interviews, field notes, and observation as data-gathering

instruments. Interviews were manually recorded, transcribed, and data were

analyzed using thematic content analysis. The participant of this research was

one of the students of the researcher at San Felipe High School in the school

year 2019-2020. The respondent juggled between the responsibilities of being a

mother and a student. She received help from her family to study, but

sometimes she chooses to be a mother than a student. The participant reflects

on the lives of other teenage mothers, making her decide to finish high school to

establish a good family in the future.

Foreign study

According to Marie-Pierre Moreau, Charlotte Kerner (2015) While student

parents now represent a significant proportion of the higher education

population in England, this group has been given limited consideration in policy

circles. Using a social constructivist and feminist theoretical framework, this

paper draws on a research project investigating the role of higher education

policies in supporting student parents in England. It focuses on findings from

40 interviews conducted with student parents enrolled on university

programmes. It shows that, in the context of the default construction of the

university student as carefree, student parents often describe their experience

of navigating academia as a struggle, in which time-related, financial, health

and emotional problems prevail.

According to Naidoo, Saloshni; Taylor, Myra (2021) better understanding of the

social influences, self-efficacy, and communication with parents, peers, and

teachers associated with teenage pregnancy is required owing to the

consequences of teenage pregnancy. This article aimed to determine the

prevalence of teenage pregnancy and to understand the association between

social influences, self-efficacy, and communication about teenage pregnancies,

among high school students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Grade 11 students

at 20 randomly selected schools in two districts completed an anonymous

questionnaire on sociodemographics, social influences, self-efficacy

communication, and teenage pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy was associated

with age, being female, and exposure to communication discouraging

pregnancy.
According to V.verma and K. das A review of history sheets of obstetric cases

recorded in a district hospital in 2015 was done to compare the obstetric

outcome in 200 teenage first pregnancies (Study group) with that in Control

group i.e. 20 years to 29 years. It revealed that incidence of complications of

pregnancy like anaemia, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and preterm

labour were significantly higher among teenage mothers. The normal mode of

delivery was commoner in teenagers (82.5%) in comparison to control group

(76.5%), probably because of higher number of lowbirthweight babies. The fetal

outcome was significantly worse in teenage mothers with high incidence of

perinatal mortality (8%) and low birth weight babies (35%). There was not a

single newborn with birthweight above 3500 gms, in teenage group, whereas,

control group had 5 babies (2.5%) in the category.

According to (2022) Ghilieah Valeska G. Tabbada, alyn S. Badiola,Edralyn S.

Badiola

Kiana Nissi O. Escaño Adolescence is a critical developmental period that

requires parents and youth to renegotiate their relationships (Laursen et al.,

2009). Despite being an individual who can take increasing responsibility, an

adolescent still needs more protection and guidance (Sawyer, et al., 2018),

therefore, the relationship with their parents is crucial. This study explored the

impact of parent-adolescent relationships on the academic outcome of Senior

High School students in the National Capital Region of the Philippines, focusing

on 4 of its dimensions in terms of the adolescents' (a) social interaction, (b)

independence, (c) self-expression, and (d) academic performance. Bodies of

related literature were also reviewed to assure the reliability and accuracy of

this study. Results showed that there is no significant relationship between the

parent-adolescent relationship and the General Weighted Average of the

students. Despite that, reviewed literature indicated that adolescents who had

high levels of parent-adolescent attachment were more likely to have high levels

of self-worth, which in turn enhanced their academic engagement and then

improved high school grades (Chen, 2017). The researchers recommend future

researchers fill the gaps this research has by conducting a study in a larger

sample size to give more reliable results with greater precision and power.

Future studies about the parent-adolescent relationship may focus on other

dimensions aside from the four dimensions explored in this study.

According to J. V. Kulkarni, V. Kulkarni(2016) Teenage pregnancy is a fairly

common occurrence in India, due to many factors such as early marriages,

illiteracy,ignorance,social and religious factors.The changes in the attitude of

the general population towards sex, the impact of media television, movies and

literature, which are sex-oriented, are responsible for present adolescent

behavior.The adolescent above the age of 15, who escapes toxaemia, anaemia

and premature labour seems to enjoy a relatively benign obstetric course. In

conclusion, pregnant teenagers are definitely at greater risk, requiring

additional efforts and resources to serve and project their total health. They

need more attention for prevention and treatment of preeclamspia, eclampsia,

anaemia and last but not the least, prematurity and low birth-weight.This study
deals with etiology,etipathogenesis,health education and preventive aspects of

shortening mortality of teenage mothers and baby.

Local study

According to Amos Amuribadek Adangabe (2021) Education is a built-in

mechanism that retains its essential value as a human right, not as a static

commodity to be viewed in isolation from its larger context. Every person has

the right to quality education and the ability to guarantee their human rights

are secure for the long term. This research examined teenage mothers' struggles

in school. The study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach. Twelve

teenage mothers were selected, using a snowball sampling approach. Semi-

structured interviews were used to collect data from these teenage mothers by

audio taping. The data was transcribed, pursued and analysed thematically.

The research revealed that teenage mothers in school face various difficulties in

school, including lack of financial support, poor time management, low self-

esteem, and emotional instability. The further revealed that majority of teenage

mothers in school employ direct problem solving, cognitive decision-making,

understanding, and constructive cognitive restructuring to cope with the

challenges they face.

According to lee apas (2023) This study was conducted to explore the different

challenges encountered by teenage mothers and how they cope with those

challenges as the bases for policy recommendations. This included the teenage

mothers of Sta. Josefa National High SchoolSenior High in the School Year
2021-2022. The exploration focused on the challenges that teenage mothers

encounter after giving birth, and the coping mechanism they employed. A

qualitative phenomenological research method was employed with the use of in-

depth unstructured interviews as well as participant observation in data

gathering. A phenomenological method is appropriate in this study since it

explored the real-life experiences and in-depth collection of information report

from the case themes (Creswell, 2013). The findings showed that the challenges

encountered by teenage mothers are: financial problem, difficulty in taking care

of the baby, inability to planning and decision making, social stigma, and family

conflict. The coping mechanisms they used are: thriving hard by utilizing

opportunities, accepting the reality, relying from the support from the family,

and having pride of being a mother. Based on the results, the following were

recommended: strengthen school’s symposia on teenage pregnancy, strengthen

parents’ orientation, strengthen school support programs, strengthen

reproductive health education, strengthen adopt–a–student program, and

strengthen the school, BLGU, and LGU linkages.

According to Arlene Roldan Ma. Theresa Abarrientos Lorie Jean Malate Rocky

Pescador Rahna Tahir Amelia Ablen, Ph.D. (2020) Student-parents are students

who are still pursuing higher education while having their own families. These

are the people who prioritize family life first rather than studying and now

trying to mend their decisions by taking steps in achieving their dreams. Some

of these individuals have been given an opportunity again by their family or

partner to fix their broken aspirations. For people who are pursuing education
despite the responsibilities on their shoulders, coming back to school serves as

a starting point for life improvement and a foundation to attain success in life.

The researchers used purposive sampling technique to select 30 student-

parents under the College of Teacher in Education at Bestlink College of the

Philippines. Results showed that the main common challenge among the

participating student-parents is the lack of time to manage their roles as

students and parents. After rigorous reading and data analysis, the following

three themes emerged from the data: (1) challenges of student-parents, (2)

effects of the challenges on their academic performances, and (3) motivation of

pursuing their studies. These themes were used as a guide to understanding

what student-parents go through when faced with these responsibilities. The

majority of the student-parents are females aged 26–30 years old. Most of these

student-parents are single and have one child. The challenge that affects the

respondents’ academic performance the most was the financial factor because

they prioritize their children’s needs. Time management is also a huge issue for

student-parents because they have difficulties in choosing their priorities while

attending to their two roles. The results of the survey showed that the

respondents often experienced family issues and concerns in terms of budgeting

their expenses and childcare because not all of them have a support system. A

relationship is the highest factor, while health is the least of their concerns

under personal issues due to having dual roles, which make them tend to forget

that their health is also important. As the result, the challenges that are

encountered by student-parents considerably affect their academic

performance. There should be support groups for student-parents on campus

to alleviate the isolation and stress associated with studying and parenting
roles. Financial and time management is a major problem student-parents

encountered. Through this research, student-parents will have an idea of how

to manage and budget their time and finances.

According to karen p. Andres (2017) This phenomenological study explored the

lived experiences, challenges, and complicated life of 12 mothers who are

pursuing their collegiate degree in a state university while rearing and taking

care of their children. Participants met the inclusion criteria of a student

mother, which includes (1) a bonafide student of a tertiary state institution; (2)

a biological mother; (3) residing with her child/children; and (4) willingness to

participate in the inquiry. Three major themes emerged in the participants’

lived experiences, which include (1) hustles and bustles of student mothers’

life; (2) driving factors of student mothers; and (3) coping mechanisms of two-

faced mothers. The findings revealed that the participants faced adversities and

struggles as a mother and as students and remained more steadfast and more

resilient in fulfilling their dreams to finish their collegiate degree and receive a

university diploma. The lived experiences of the student mothers have

established implications to policies in the university, which involves the

creation of daycare centers inside the campus for the children of student

mothers as well as the conduct of psychosocial debriefing and stress reduction

programs by the Gender and Development (GAD) office for the student mothers.

According to Richard N. Briones (2013) This is a qualitative study that

employed a unique means of studying behavior and utilized a

combination of phenomenological case study approaches and a focus group

discussion. The study

disclosed the factors that influenced the teenage fathers to engage in pre-

marital sex and identified their experiences and needs as well as their coping

mechanisms and lessons learned from such experience. Findings revealed that

the respondent-teenage fathers shared common conditions such as having

dysfunctional family, low family income, and are school drop-outs. Findings

also showed how vast peer influence affected the teen fathers’ social activities

and decisions. Most of the respondents have sacrificed much of their youthful

days and devoted themselves to the responsibilities of providing the needs of

their children and partners. Eight (8) out of ten (10) respondents had to

sacrifice schooling after the knowledge of pregnancy, while one of them is

already not attending school prior to the case and the other respondent had the

opportunity to continue his schooling for the reason that he and his wife are not

living together and his son stays with his mother. Those eight respondents who

embraced their situations experienced difficulties such as personal,

relational and lack of opportunities to land to a stable job. They were shocked of

the radical changes in their lives and at the moment, they can no longer afford

to hang out with their friends; instead, they devote their time and energy in

searching for a living. Further, the idea of going back to school is on their least

priority as their situation does not permit it anymore.

Caught unprepared, finding themselves in a shoe of being a husband and a

father, the participants regret disregarding the value of education, which they

believe having such will equip them to land to a better job. They realized the
importance of choosing friends wisely and getting away from vices. Although

they were raised from families with flawed set-up, most of them realized that

they should not have disregarded their parents. Findings do not suggest for

pointing fingers as to who are liable to these teens; but promote a collaborative

effort among various institutions such as government, family, school and

church. The Philippine government through its local government units should

have a strong political will in empowering the youth and in providing them

opportunities to become productive citizens and contributors for nation

building. It is also a great opportunity for school administrators through the

effort of the guidance and counseling office to strengthen programs for the

integral formation of the student which includes development of healthy self-

concept, high sense of morality and an open understanding on sexual activities

and its various implications. The church, on the other hand, should carry on

with the youth’s spiritual formation. All these are essential in strengthening the

teens’ basic foundation acquired from the family as the first agent of

socialization.

Synthesis

The challenges faced by teenage parents when transitioning between classes are

profound and multifaceted. Often, these young parents confront a myriad of

obstacles, ranging from academic difficulties to financial strains and childcare

responsibilities.
Research indicates that teenage parents often grapple with the balancing act of

managing their studies while attending to the needs of their child. The decision

to shift classes may stem from the need to find a more supportive environment

that accommodates their parental responsibilities. In urban settings, where

access to affordable childcare and adequate support systems may be limited,

teenage parents may find themselves compelled to seek alternative educational

options.

Conversely, in rural areas, teenage parents may face additional challenges,

such as limited access to transportation or childcare services, which can

exacerbate their struggles in attending classes regularly. Consequently, the

decision to shift classes may be driven by the desire to find a more accessible

educational setting that accommodates their circumstances.

Moreover, societal stigma and judgment can further compound the challenges

faced by teenage parents, making it difficult for them to navigate educational

institutions effectively. As a result, shifting classes may represent not only a

practical solution to logistical challenges but also a means of seeking a more

supportive and inclusive educational environment.

In summary, the struggles encountered by teenage parents when shifting

classes are complex and deeply intertwined with their roles as caregivers.

Understanding and addressing these challenges require a holistic approach that

considers the unique needs and circumstances of teenage parents, both in

urban and rural settings.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE

This chapter discusses the method of the research used, the respondents

of the study, the instrument utilized in investigation, the data gathering

procedure adopted, and the statistical treatments applied to the data of the

study.

Research design

The researchers will use phenomenological research design in which the

data will be gathered through interviews. According to Harappa (2021) A

qualitative research approach that helps in describing the lived experiences of

an individual is known as phenomenological research. The phenomenological

method focuses on studying the phenomena that have impacted an individual.

This approach highlights the specifics and identifies a phenomenon as

perceived by an individual in a situation. It can also be used to study the

commonality in the behaviors of a group of people.

Population and sampling

 The study will be conducted at Talisay Senior High School (TSHS) during

the Academic Year 2023-2024. The participants of this study are teenage

parents in Talisay senior high school with a total of ten (10) participants.

Research instrument

this study, interviews will serve as the primary method for data collection.

Under the guidance of their research advisor, the researchers meticulously

crafted an interview protocol tailored to address the research problem. Iterative

revisions were made based on feedback from the research advisor, resulting in

the development of a refined instrument. This instrument stands as the

cornerstone for gathering essential data, particularly for the comparative

analysis of the variables under investigation.

Data Gathering procedure

Following the approval of the research title, the researchers commenced data

collection for the study. Expert validation was sought for the interview

questions intended for use. Subsequently, permission will be requested to

conduct face-to-face interviews with participants at Talisay Senior High School.

Upon securing permission, an interview guide will be developed to elicit insights

into participants' experiences. Face-to-face interviews will then be conducted

with willing participants, allowing ample time for them to articulate their

thoughts and opinions upon acknowledgment. These interviews will be both

recorded and documented in writing, with subsequent transcription for

analysis.

Data analysis

Thematic analysis will be employed to uncover patterns, themes, and significant

insights from the gathered data. The researchers will identify and classify

themes within participants' responses to discover recurring experiences or any

elements related to student recognition.