CHAPTER - 10

LIGHT – REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SET – 1

1. Define refraction.
2. Define refractive index.
3. What is the unit of refractive index?
4. List out the factors on which the refractive index of a medium depends.
5. Define angle of incidence.
6. What is the angle of incidence if a ray of light is incident normal to the surface
separating the two media?
7. What is a lens?
8. What is a concave lens?
9. What is the nature of the focus of a concave lens?
10. What type of image is formed by a concave lens?
11. A thin lens has a focal length f = -12 cm. Is it convex or concave lens?
12. A lens forms an erect image for all positions of the object in front of it. Is the
lens convex or concave?
13. Where should an object be placed so that a real and inverted image of same size
is obtained using a convex lens?
14. Write the relation between u,v and f of a thin lens.
15. What is the sign of u, v and f for a convex lens according to Cartesian sign
convention?
16. An object of height 1m is placed at a distance of 2f from a convex lens. What is
the height of the image formed?
17. Define power.
18. What is least distance of distinct vision?
19. What happens when a ray of light passes through the optical centre of a lens?
20. State the laws of refraction.
21. Diagrammatically represent the refraction of light through a rectangular glass
slab.
22. Define convex lens. Why is it referred to as converging lens?
23. Draw a diagram to show the second principal focus of a convex lens.
24. Distinguish between a convex and a concave lens.
25. Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of light when it passes through the
optic centre of a convex lens.
26. List out the uses of convex lenses.
27. With the help of a ray diagram show how an object gets magnified in a simple
microscope.
28. Define the power of a lens. What is its unit?
29. With the help of a diagram explain how light gets refracted when it passes
through a rectangular glass slab.
30. An object is placed at a distance of 50 cm from a concave lens of focal length 20
cm. Find the nature and position of the image.
31. An object is placed 50 cm from a lens which produces a virtual image at a
distance of 10 cm in front of the lens. Draw a diagram to show the formation of
image and calculate the focal length of the lens.
32. An object of height 4 cm is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex lens of
focal length 20 cm. Find the position, nature and size of the image.
33. What is the power of a lens having a focal length of a) 50 cm b) -50cm
34. Draw a ray diagram to show the position and nature of the image formed by a
convex lens when the object is placed a) at 2F1 b) between F1 and 2F1 c) beyond
2F1
35. State and verify Snell's law.
36. The bending of a beam of light when it passes obliquely from one medium to
another is known as _______.
1. reflection
2. refraction
3. dispersion
4. deviation

37. The part of the lens through which the ray of light passes without suffering
deviation is called ________.
1. optical centre
2. focus
3. centre of curvature
4. pole

38. Convex lens always gives a real image if the object is situated beyond _______.
1. optical centre
2. centre of curvature
3. Focus
4. radius of curvature
39. Parallel rays of light entering a convex lens always converge at _______.
1. centre of curvature
2. the principal focus
3. optical centre
4. the focal plane
40. Where should an object be placed so that a real and inverted image of the same
size is obtained, using a convex lens?
1. Between O and F
2. At F
3. At 2 F
4. At infinity
41. SI unit of the power of a lens is ___________.
1. dioptre
2. cm
3. metre
4. watt
42. 1 D is the power of the lens of focal length of ______ cm.
1. 100
2. 10
3. 1/100
4. 1/10
43. In a simple microscope lens used is __________.
1. biconvex
2. biconcave
3. plano convex
4. cylindrical
44. Reciprocal of focal length in metres is known as the ______ of a lens.
1. focus
2. power
3. power of accommodation
4. far point
45. A convex lens is called _________.
1. converging lens
2. diverging lens
3. both converging and diverging lens
4. refracting lens
46. A positive magnification greater than unity indicates _____________________.
1. real image
2. virtual image
3. neither real not virtual image
4. distorted image
47. The power of a convex lens of focal length 50 cm is ______.
1. + 2D
2. - 2D
3. 50 D
4. - 5D
48. The focal length of a lens whose power is -1.5 D is _______.
1. -66.66 cm
2. + 1.5 m
3. + 66.66 cm
4. -1.5 m
49. Real images formed by single convex lenses are always ________________.
1. on the same side of the lens as the object
2. Inverted
3. Erect
4. smaller than the object
50. An object is placed 12 cm from a convex lens whose focal length is 10 cm. The
image must be.
1. virtual and enlarged
2. virtual and reduced in size
3. real and reduced in size
4. real and enlarged
51. When a person uses a convex lens as a simple magnifying glass, the object must
be placed at a distance.
1. less than one focal length
2. more than one focal length
3. less than twice the focal length
4. more than twice the focal length
52. The image produced by a concave lens is ________.
1. always virtual and enlarged
2. always virtual and reduced in size
3. always real
4. sometimes real, sometimes virtual
53. A virtual image is formed by _______.
1. a slide projector in a cinema hall
2. the ordinary camera
3. a simple microscope
4. Telescope
54. An object is placed 25 cm from a convex lens whose focal length is 10 cm. The
image distance is ________ cm.
1. 50 cm
2. 16.66 cm
3. 6.66 cm
 4. 10 cm
55. The least distance of distinct vision is ______.
1. 25 cm
2. 25 m
3. 0.25 cm
4. 2.5 m
56. A convex lens has a focal length of 20 cm. Its power in dioptres is
___________.
1. 2
2. 5
3. 0.5
4. 0.2
57. An object is placed before a concave lens. The image formed _____________-.
1. is always erect
2. may be erect or inverted
3. is always inverted
4. is always real
58. A ray of light travels from a medium of refractive index n1 to a medium of
refractive index n2. If angle of incidence is i and the angle of refraction is r, then
sin i
is equal to
sin r
1. n1
2. n2
3. n21
4. n12
59. Two thin lenses of power +5 D and -2 D are placed in contact with each other.
Focal length of the combination is
1. +3 m
2. -3 m
3. 0.33 m
4. -0.33 m
60. The lens formula in cartesian frame is ______________.

1.

2.

3.

4.

61. An object is placed between two plane mirrors inclined at an angle of 45° to
each other. How many images do you expect to see?
62. How can an inverted image of an object be obtained with a plane mirror?
63. How many images of himself can an observer see in a room whose ceiling and
two adjacent walls are mirrors?
64. A convex mirror is held in water. What should be the change in its focal length?
65. If the light from the Sun subtend an angle Q at the pole of a concave mirror of
focal length f, where will it converge? Also find the diameter of the image.
Draw the necessary ray diagram.
66. When does Snell’s law of refraction fail?
67. How does the frequency of a beam of ultraviolet light changes when it goes
from air to glass?
68. State two conditions under which a ray of light suffering refraction from
medium 1 to medium 2 does not undergo any change in direction
69. Name the factor on which lateral shift produced by glass slab depends?
70. A glass lens is immersed in water. How is the power of the lens affected?
71. Why is the power of a lens is measured as reciprocal of focal length? Give
reason.
72. A convex lens is made of a material of refractive index m1 when placed in a
medium of refractive index m2, behaves as a diverging lens. How are m1 and m2
related?
73. An object is held at a distance of 60 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 20
cm. At what distance from the mirror, should a plane mirror be held so that
images in the two mirrors coincide?(ans. 22.5 cm)
74. How do you find the rough focal length of a convex lens? Is the same method
applicable to a concave lens?
75. Which factors determines the focal length of a lens?
76. The formula for linear magnification of a spherical mirror is m=h’/h = -v/u.
What determines the sign of m? What is the significance of this sign?
77. A convex lens made of material of refractive index n2 is kept in a medium of
refractive index n1. A parallel beam of light is incident on the lens. Compare the
path of rays of light emerging from the convex lens if (i)n1<n2 (ii)n1=n2 (iii)
n1>n2
78. A concave lens of focal length 25 cm and a convex lens of focal length 20 cm
are placed in contact with each other. What is the power of this combination?
Also, calculate focal length of this combination. (ans. 1m)
79. A convergent lens of power 8D is combined with a divergent lens of power -10
D. Calculate focal length of the combination. (ans.-0.5 m)
80. A concave lens has a focal length of 15 cm. At what distance should an object
from the lens be placed so that it forms an image at 10 cm from the lens? Also
find the magnification of the lens.
81. Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, incident ray and
reflected ray will always be parallel to each other, whatever be the angle of
incidence? Show the same with the help of diagram.
82. How much time will light take to cross 2 mm thick glass pane if refractive index
of glass is 3/2? (ans. 10-11s)
83. Light travel from rarer medium 1 to a denser medium 2. The angle of incidence
and refraction are respectively 45° and 30°. Calculate the refractive index of
second medium with respect to the first medium.
84. A pond of depth 20 cm is filled with water of refractive index 4/3. Calculate
apparent depth of the tank when viewed normally.
85. What is the real depth of a swimming pool when its bottom appears to be
realized by 1m?given refractive index of water is 4/3
86. An object is placed in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 15cm at a
distance of (a) 10cm. and (b) 5cm. Find the position, nature and magnification
of the image in each case.
87. An object is placed 15cm from a concave mirror of radius of curvature 60 cm.
Find the position of image and its magnification?
88. An object is kept at a distance of 5cm in front of a convex mirror of focal length
10cm. Give the position, magnification and the nature of the image formed.
89. An object is placed at a distance of 50cmfrom a concave lens of focal length
20cm. Find the nature and position of the image.
90. The power of a lens is 2.5 dioptre. What is the focal length and the type of lens?
91. What is the power of a concave lens of focal length 50cm?
92. Find the power of a concave lens of focal length 2m.
93. Two lens of power +3.5D and -2.5D are placed in contact. find the power and
focal length of the lens combination.
94. A convex lens has a focal length of 20 cm. Calculate at what distance from the
lens should an object be placed so that it forms an image at a distance of 40cm
on the other side of the lens. State the nature of the image formed?
95. A 10cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens
of focal length 30cm. The distance of the object from the line is 20cm.find the
i)position ii)nature and iii) size of the image formed.
96. Find the focal length of a line power is given as +2.0D.
97. With respect to air the refractive index of ice and rock salt benzene are 1.31 and
1.54 respectively. Calculate the refractive index of rock salt with respect to ice.
98. An object 5cm in length is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex
mirror of radius of curvature 30cm. Find the position of the image, its nature and
size.
99. The far point of a myopic person is 150cm in front of the eye. Calculate the
focal length and the power of the lens required to enable him to see distant
objects clearly.
100. To obtain magnified erect image on a concave mirror, object should be held
a) At pole b) At focus c) Between p and f d) Beyond 2f

101. If f is the focal length and R is the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror, then
a) R=f b) R=2f c) R=3f d) R=4f

102. The image formed by a concave mirror is real, inverted and of same size as that
of the object. The position of the object is
a) At C b) At F c) Between C and F d) Beyond C

103. The image formed by a concave mirror is virtual, erect and magnified. The
position of the object is
a) At F b) At c c) At infinity d) Between P and F

104. The image formed by a spherical mirror is virtual, erect and smaller in size.
Whatever be the position of the object. The mirror is
a) Convex b) Concave c) Either convex or concave d) Cannot say

105. When light goes from one medium to another, the characteristics that remain
unaffected is
a) Speed b) Direction c) Wave length d) Frequency
106. Reflective index of glass w.r.t air is 3/2. What is the refractive index of air w.r.t
glass?
 a) 2/3 b) 1 c) Zero d) (3/2)2
107. A convex lens of focal length 15 cm is used to form an image of the size of the
object. Where from the lens should be the object is placed.
a) 15 cm b) 30 cm c) 60 cm d) 10 cm
108. To form an image twice the size of the object, using a convex lens of focal
length 20 cm, the object distance must be
a) <20 cm b) >20 cm c) <20 cm and between 20 cm and 40 cm d) Cannot say
109. Bending of a ray of light due to change in velocity with medium is called
a) Reflection b) Refraction c) Diffraction d) Dispersion
110. If correct value of refractive index of a medium(μ) in terms of velocity of light
in vacuum (C) and velocity of light in medium (v) is
a) n = vC b)n = 1 / ve c)n= C / v d) n = v / C.
111. Total internal reflection takes place when light travels
a) From denser to rarer medium b) From rarer to denser medium
c) In same denser medium from one side to other. d) In same rarer medium from
one side to other.
112. For no bending of a ray of light through a glass slab, angle of incidence must be
a) 00 b) 300 c) 600 d) 900
113. A convex lens is
a) Thin in the middle, thick at the room. b) Thick in the middle, thin at the rim.
c) Thick through out. d) Thin throughout.
114. Power of convex lens is
a) Zero. b) Infinite. c) Positive d) Negative.
115. An object is placed in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 15cm at a
distance of (a) 10cm. and (b) 5cm. Find the position, nature and magnification
of the image in each case.
116. An object is placed 15cm from a concave mirror of radius of curvature 60 cm.
Find the position of image and its magnification?
117. An object is kept at a distance of 5cm in front of a convex mirror of focal length
10cm. Give the position, magnification and the nature of the image formed.
118. An object is placed at a distance of 50cmfrom a concave lens of focal length
20cm. Find the nature and position of the image.
119. The power of a lens is 2.5 dioptre. What is the focal length and the type of lens?
120. What is the power of a concave lens of focal length 50cm?
121. Find the power of a concave lens of focal length 2m.
122. Two lens of power +3.5D and -2.5D are placed in contact. find the power and
focal length of the lens combination.
123. A convex lens has a focal length of 20 cm. Calculate at what distance from the
lens should an object be placed so that it forms an image at a distance of 40cm
on the other side of the lens. State the nature of the image formed?
124. A 10cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens
of focal length 30cm. The distance of the object from the line is 20cm.find the
i)position ii)nature and iii) size of the image formed.
125. Find the focal length of a line power is given as +2.0D.
126. With respect to air the refractive index of ice and rock salt benzene are 1.31 and
1.54 respectively. Calculate the refractive index of rock salt with respect to ice.
127. An object 5cm in length is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex
mirror of radius of curvature 30cm. Find the position of the image, its nature
and size.
128. The far point of a myopic person is 150cm in front of the eye. Calculate the
focal length and the power of the lens required to enable him to see distant
objects clearly.
 CHAPTER - 10
LIGHT – REFLECTION AND REFRACTION
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SET – 2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following can make a parallel beam of light when light from a point
source is incident on it?
(a) Concave mirror as well as convex lens
(b) Convex mirror as well as concave lens
(c) Two plane mirrors placed at 90° to each other
(d) Concave mirror as well as concave lens

2. A 10 mm long awl pin is placed vertically in front of a concave mirror. A 5 mm

long image of the awl pin is formed at 30 cm in front of the mirror. The focal
length of this mirror is
(a) – 30 cm (b) – 20 cm (c) – 40 cm (d) – 60 cm

3. Under which of the following conditions a concave mirror can form an image
larger than the actual object?
(a) When the object is kept at a distance equal to its radius of curvature
(b) When object is kept at a distance less than its focal length
(c) When object is placed between the focus and centre of curvature
(d) When object is kept at a distance greater than its radius of curvature
4. The below Figure shows a ray of light as it travels from medium A to medium B.
Refractive index of the medium B relative to medium A is
3 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
2 3 2

5. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) A convex lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(b) A convex lens has –4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(c) A concave lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(d) A concave lens has –4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
6. Magnification produced by a rear view mirror fitted in vehicles
(a) is less than one (b) is more than one
(c) is equal to one
(d) can be more than or less than one depending upon the position of the object in
front of it
7. A light ray enters from medium A to medium B as shown in below Figure. The
refractive index of medium B relative to A will be
(a) greater than unity (b) less than unity
(c) equal to unity (d) zero

8. Beams of light are incident through the holes A and B and emerge out of box
through the holes C and D respectively as shown in the below Figure. Which of
the following could be inside the box?
(a) A rectangular glass slab (b) A convex lens
(c) A concave lens (d) A prism

9. A beam of light is incident through the holes on side A and emerges out of the
holes on the other face of the box as shown in the below Figure. Which of the
following could be inside the box?
(a) Concave lens (b) Rectangular glass slab
(c) Prism (d) Convex lens
10. Rays from Sun converge at a point 15 cm in front of a concave mirror. Where
should an object be placed so that size of its image is equal to the size of the
object?
(a) 15 cm in front of the mirror
(b) 30 cm in front of the mirror
(c) between 15 cm and 30 cm in front of the mirror
(d) more than 30 cm in front of the mirror

11. A full length image of a distant tall building can definitely be seen by using
(a) a concave mirror (b) a convex mirror
(c) a plane mirror (d) both concave as well as plane mirror

12. In torches, search lights and headlights of vehicles the bulb is placed
(a) between the pole and the focus of the reflector
(b) very near to the focus of the reflector
(c) between the focus and centre of curvature of the reflector
(d) at the centre of curvature of the reflector

13. The laws of reflection hold good for

(a) plane mirror only (b) concave mirror only
(c) convex mirror only (d) all mirrors irrespective of their shape

14. The path of a ray of light coming from air passing through a rectangular glass slab
traced by four students are shown as A, B, C and D in Figure. Which one of them
is correct?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

15. You are given water, mustard oil, glycerine and kerosene. In which of these media
a ray of light incident obliquely at same angle would bend the most?
(a) Kerosene (b) Water
(c) Mustard oil (d) Glycerine
16. A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. She finds the image of her head
bigger, the middle portion of her body of the same size and that of the legs
smaller. The following is the order of combinations for the magic mirror from the
top.
(a) Plane, convex and concave
(b) Convex, concave and plane
(c) Concave, plane and convex
(d) Convex, plane and concave

17. Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for the ray of light incident on a
concave mirror as shown in below Figure?
(a) Fig. A (b) Fig. B (c) Fig. C (d) Fig. D

18. Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for the ray of light incident on a
lens shown in below Figure?
(a) Fig. A (b) Fig. B (c) Fig. C (d) Fig. D

19. In which of the following, the image of an object placed at infinity will be highly
diminished and point sized?
(a) Concave mirror only
(b) Convex mirror only
(c) Convex lens only
(d) Concave mirror, convex mirror, concave lens and convex lens
20. The linear magnification produced by a convex mirror is always positive. This is
because
(a) Convex mirror is a small mirror.
(b) Image formed by a convex mirror is always smaller in size than the object.
(c) Image formed by a convex mirror is real.
(d) Image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual and erect.

21. In which of the following mirrors, image of an object is always virtual, erect and
smaller in size than the size of object?
(a) convex mirror
(b) concave mirror
(c) plane mirror
(d) none of the these

22. A boy runs towards a plane mirror with a velocity of 2m/s. With what speed will
her image move towards him?
(a) 2m/s
(b) 0
(c) 4m/s
(d) none of the these

23. The linear magnification of the concave lens is always positive but less than one.
This is because
(a) concave lens forms real images only.
(b) concave lens forms virtual images only.
(c) concave lens forms virtual, erect and diminished images irrespective of the
position of the object.
(d) none of the these

24. The linear magnification of the concave lens is – 1, when object is kept at
(a) at infinity
(b) at focus
(c) at 2F1
(d) between F1 and 2F1.

25. The focal length of the combination of convex lens of power 1D and concave lens
of power – 1.5 D is
(a) – 2 m (b) 2 m
(c) 2.5 m (d) 0.5 m

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

26. Identify the device used as a spherical mirror or lens in following cases, when the
image formed is virtual and erect in each case.
(a) Object is placed between device and its focus, image formed is enlarged and
behind it.
(b) Object is placed between the focus and device, image formed is enlarged and
on the same side as that of the object.
(c) Object is placed between infinity and device, image formed is diminished and
between focus and optical centre on the same side as that of the object.
(d) Object is placed between infinity and device, image formed is diminished and
between pole and focus, behind it.
27. Why does a light ray incident on a rectangular glass slab immersed in any medium
emerges parallel to itself? Explain using a diagram.

28. A pencil when dipped in water in a glass tumbler appears to be bent at the
interface of air and water. Will the pencil appear to be bent to the same extent, if
instead of water we use liquids like, kerosene or turpentine. Support your answer
with reason.

29. How is the refractive index of a medium related to the speed of light? Obtain an
expression for refractive index of a medium with respect to another in terms of
speed of light in these two media?

30. Refractive index of diamond with respect to glass is 1.6 and absolute refractive
index of glass is 1.5. Find out the absolute refractive index of diamond.

31. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm can produce a magnified virtual as well as
real image. Is this a correct statement? If yes, where shall the object be placed in
each case for obtaining these images?

32. Sudha finds out that the sharp image of the window pane of her science laboratory
is formed at a distance of 15 cm from the lens. She now tries to focus the building
visible to her outside the window instead of the window pane without disturbing
the lens. In which direction will she move the screen to obtain a sharp image of
the building? What is the approximate focal length of this lens?

33. How are power and focal length of a lens related? You are provided with two
lenses of focal length 20 cm and 40 cm respectively. Which lens will you use to
obtain more convergent light?

34. Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, incident ray and
reflected ray will always be parallel to each other, whatever may be angle of
incidence. Show the same with the help of diagram.

35. Draw a ray diagram showing the path of rays of light when it enters with oblique
incidence (i) from air into water; (ii) from water into air.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

36. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave mirror when an
object is placed
(a) between pole and focus of the mirror
(b) between focus and centre of curvature of the mirror
(c) at centre of curvature of the mirror
(d) a little beyond centre of curvature of the mirror
(e) at infinity

37. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens when an object
is placed
(a) between optical centre and focus of the lens
(b) between focus and twice the focal length of the lens
(c) at twice the focal length of the lens
(d) at infinity
(e) at the focus of the lens
38. Write laws of refraction. Explain the same with the help of ray diagram, when a
ray of light passes through a rectangular glass slab.

39. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave lens when an
object is placed
(a) at the focus of the lens
(b) between focus and twice the focal length of the lens
(c) beyond twice the focal length of the lens

40. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when an
object is placed
(a) at infinity
(b) at finite distance from the mirror

41. The image of a candle flame formed by a lens is obtained on a screen placed on
the other side of the lens. If the image is three times the size of the flame and the
distance between lens and image is 80 cm, at what distance should the candle be
placed from the lens? What is the nature of the image at a distance of 80 cm and
the lens?

42. Size of image of an object by a mirror having a focal length of 20 cm is observed

to be reduced to 1/3rd of its size. At what distance the object has been placed from
the mirror? What is the nature of the image and the mirror?

43. Define power of a lens. What is its unit? One student uses a lens of focal length 50
cm and another of –50 cm. What is the nature of the lens and its power used by
each of them?

44. A student focussed the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a convex
lens. He noted down the position of the candle screen and the lens as under
Position of candle = 12.0 cm
Position of convex lens = 50.0 cm
Position of the screen = 88.0 cm
(i) What is the focal length of the convex lens?
(ii) Where will the image be formed if he shifts the candle towards the lens at a
position of 31.0 cm?
(iii) What will be the nature of the image formed if he further shifts the candle
towards the lens?
(iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in case (iii) as said
above.

45. (a) State the relationship between object distance, image distance and focal length
of a spherical mirror.
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a concave mirror when an
object is placed between pole and focus of the mirror.
(c) A concave mirror of focal length 15 cm forms an image of an object kept at a
distance of 10cm from the mirror. Find the position, nature and size of the image
formed by it.