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Electronic

There are two major types of electronic components: active components which require an external power supply, and passive components which do not. The document then lists and describes common electronic components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, LDRs, switches, motors, displays, transformers, and power supplies.

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69 views13 pages

Electronic

There are two major types of electronic components: active components which require an external power supply, and passive components which do not. The document then lists and describes common electronic components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, LDRs, switches, motors, displays, transformers, and power supplies.

Uploaded by

niyato1079
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of electronic components?

There are two major types of electronic components. In electronic circuits,


there are active and passive components.
1- Active components
2- Passive components

Active components
These types of components operate with external power supplies.

Passive components
Passive components do not require an external power supply. These
components energize with circuit signals.

Electronic components list with images


We can easily understand circuits if we know electronic component symbols.
Basic Electronic Components Used in Circuits are given below:

1- Resistor
2- Capacitor
3- Inductor
4- Diode
5- Transistor
6- LDR
7- Switches
8- Motor
9- 7-Segment display
10- LCD display
11- Speaker, Transformer
12- Transformer
13- Power supply
Resistor
The resistor is used to limit the current value in a circuit. The unit of a resistor
is the ohm. In a circuit, the resistor is used in series or parallel. It has different
color codes to recognize its value. We add it in a circuit for led, transistor, and
capacitor as required.
It is used to control the signal levels in the circuit. The basic types of resistors
are fixed resistors and variable resistors. It is made with carbon film, metal
film, or metal oxide.
We can calculate resistance by resistance calculator or through,
The ohm law formula. I = V/R
Capacitor
The capacitor is an energy storage device. It consists of a dielectric between two electrodes. It comes in
different sizes. There is a vast variety in their types as per voltage rating and as per their manufacturing
type (Dielectric).

Types of capacitors

1- Electrolytic Capacitor

2- Monolithic ceramic Capacitor

3- Polypropylene Polyester Film Capacitor

The unit of the capacitor is a farad, normally denoted in microfarads. Capacitors have different sizes as
per their capacity and types. e.g. Paper or mica. Small capacitors have three or four numbers code to
indicate their value.
Inductor
The inductor is a coil-shaped component. It is a passive component. If electric current flows from the
coil, it generates a magnetic field. It stores magnetic field energy. The benefit of the inductor is in the AC
circuit because it converts AC to the magnetic field.

The unit of the inductor is inductance, which is measured in henry denoted by H.


Diode
The diode consists of two layers or junctions of semiconductors. P-N junction
is the main reason for the diode working. In diodes, current flows in the
forward direction, which is called forward Baise.

It comes in a variety of types as per its manufacturing. e.g. Zener diode, light-
emitting diode, Schottky diode, photodiode, laser diode, etc.
Transistor
Essentially, a transistor is a triple-junction electronic component. Transistors
are widely used in electronic circuits. There are many types of transistors.
Almost every circuit contains transistors.
We differentiate the transistor into two main types. The first is the NPN
transistor and the other is a PNP transistor.
It works for amplification, switching, and regulating purposes. There are many
types of transistors depending upon their construction.

1- Bipolar Junction transistor(BJT)


2- Field-Effect transistor (FET)

Difference between transistors and integrated circuits?


A transistor works as a switch, but IC has billions of transistors connected to a
large number of components.

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)


The working principle of the LDR is based on photoconductivity. When the
light is detected, LDR changes its resistance. In the light, the LDR sensor has
minimum resistance although in dark it has maximum resistance.
LDR is mostly used to control the street lights. Using LDR with the Arduino is
very easy to make a light-operated circuit. We can use it for small-scale
projects.

Switch
The switch is used to make or break contact between two points.
Occasionally, there are two types of contact used in switches. NO for normally
open, and NC for normally closed contact. Switches come in different sizes
and shapes as required in circuits or equipment.

The most famous types of switches are rotary switch, toggle switch, push-
button, ON-OFF switch, and also limit switch.
Basically, switches are divided into four major types.
SPST-Single Pole Single Throw
SPDT-Single-Pole Double Throw
DPST-Double Pole Single Throw
DPDT-Double-Pole Double Throw

DC Motor
A motor is a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
There are two main types of motors, AC motor, and DC motor. In electronics
projects, mostly DC motors are used for robotic projects.
Further more, Motor can be categorize in other types according to its function
and manufacturing.

1- Servo Motor
Servo motor is used in Robotic Projects. It is very simple to
use servo motor with Arduino or other micro controllers. It is a
rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular
motion.
It consists of DC Motor with mechanism, feedback device , and
control system. It is widely used in robotics, CNC machines,
RC Vehicles, Industrial Automation, Camera System, 3D
Printing, Automated Doors and Gates, and
medical devices.
2- Stepper Motor
The stepper motor is the major part of the robotic arm. The movement of
stepper motors is step-based action. Servo motor used in auto control car
projects. Usually, it is used in industrial processes. It is a position-controlled
motor, used for specific position control action.
Servo motors and stepper motors are part of Arduino learning kits. We use
these electronic components in our Wi-Fi-based vehicle control projects.
Displays
There are many types of displays we see all around us. These segments are
available in cheap electronics shops in different colors and shapes. According
to their construction, we categorize these displays.

Seven-segment displays, LCD, and Led matrix


These displays are compatible with Arduino, Raspberry pi. We use seven-
segment displays for showing output values. There are two types of display,
common anode or common cathode type. It consists of seven segments that
work with a display driver chip.
LCD is a liquid crystal display that is inbuilt with a screen. Led matrix has
major usage in moving message display.
Transformer
The transformer is working on the mutual induction principle. Two main types
of transformer are step-up transformer and step-down transformer. These
transformers are the branch of potential transformers.
Potential transformers increase or decrease the voltage because it is step up
or step down. The transformer also increases the sound quality, called the
audio transformer. A step-down transformer is used in many power supply
circuits.
There are many types as per construction. Current Transformer(CT) is
another type of transformer that measures current value(Ampere). Current
transformer, broadly used in clamp multimeter.
Power supply for electronic components
The power supply is the key requirement to run any circuit. Power supply has
many components that are explained in detail. These components required,
minimum of 3.7V DC to 12V DC power supply. It depends on how a circuit is
designed sometimes.

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