Smartphone & Mobile Network Project

Smartphone CPU & SoC

- The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is responsible for processing all instructions received
by the smartphone.
- SoC (System on Chip) integrates the CPU, GPU, modem, and other components into a
single chip.
- The number of cores in a smartphone's CPU impacts its performance by enabling it to
handle multiple tasks simultaneously.
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Memory Types & Sizes
- Smartphones have two main types of memory: RAM (Random Access Memory) and
ROM (Read-Only Memory).
- RAM stores data currently in use, while ROM stores firmware and less frequently used
data.
- More RAM allows a smartphone to run more apps simultaneously, enhancing user
experience.
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Smartphone Types
- Flagship smartphones are high-end devices with the latest processors, ample RAM, and
storage.
- Mid-range smartphones offer a balance of performance and price with decent specs.
- Budget smartphones are affordable options with less powerful processors but suitable
for basic tasks.
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Smartphone Specifications
Flagship Smartphone Specs
- CPU: Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2
- SoC: Snapdragon 8 Gen 2
- Memory types: LPDDR5 RAM, UFS 3.1 storage
- Memory sizes: 8GB/12GB RAM, 128GB/256GB/512GB/1TB storage
Mid-range Smartphone Specs
- CPU: MediaTek Dimensity 900
- SoC: MediaTek Dimensity 900
- Memory types: LPDDR4X RAM, UFS 3.1 storage
- Memory sizes: 6GB/8GB RAM, 128GB/256GB storage
Budget Smartphone Specs
- CPU: Qualcomm Snapdragon 695
- SoC: Snapdragon 695
- Memory types: LPDDR4X RAM, UFS 2.2 storage
- Memory sizes: 4GB/6GB RAM, 64GB/128GB storage
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AIDA64 Hardware Tool
Using AIDA64
- AIDA64 is a tool to measure and analyze smartphone hardware specifications.
- It provides detailed information on CPU, SoC, memory types, and sizes.
 - Benchmarking with AIDA64 helps compare smartphone performance.

Measuring Smartphone Network Values

Key Metrics
- PCI: Physical Cell ID identifies each cell in a network.
- RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator, measures signal strength.
- RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power indicates signal strength relative to a
reference signal.
- RSRQ: Reference Signal Received Quality, measures signal quality relative to a
reference signal.
- RSSNR: Received Signal Strength Noise Ratio, shows signal-to-noise ratio.
- ASU: Absolute Signal Strength, measures absolute signal strength.
- CQI: Channel Quality Indicator, rates channel quality.
Measuring Methods
- Using cellular signal apps for real-time monitoring.
- Utilizing network analyzers for detailed analysis.
- Using command line on Android devices for direct measurement.

Identifying & Troubleshooting Mobile Network

Identifying Network Connection
- Check signal strength indicator and network settings on the phone.
- Look at the status bar or use cellular signal apps for network information.

Troubleshooting Network Issues

- Ensure strong signal strength and consider changing location.
- Restart the phone or reset network settings if issues persist.
- Contact the carrier for further assistance if problems continue.

Network Cell Info Lite & Open Signal Apps

Features of Apps
- Network Cell Info Lite provides signal strength, network type, and serving cell
information.
- Open Signal offers more features like signal quality and coverage maps.
- Both apps help troubleshoot and optimize cellular connections.
Measuring Network Data
- Signal strength indicates connection quality.
- Network type shows the cellular network technology in use.
- Serving cell information and neighboring cells provide tower detail.
Evolution of Smartphone Operating Systems
Evolution of iOS
iOS 1
- Apple's first touch-centric mobile operating system was announced on Jan. 9, 2007, by
former CEO Steve Jobs.
- Features included multi-touch gestures, visual voicemail, mobile web browsing on Safari,
and a YouTube app.
- A January 2008 update added a customizable home screen and new apps like Mail, Maps,
Weather, Notes, and Stocks.
- The update was free for iPhone users, but iPod Touch users had to pay $19.99.
iOS 2
- iPhone OS 2 came prepackaged with the iPhone 3G and introduced features like the App
Store, Maps with GPS, and push email.
- The update was free for iPhone users and $9.95 for iPod Touch users.
- iPhone OS 2 was officially recognized after the release of the iPhone SDK in March
2008.
iOS 3
- iPhone OS 3 came with the iPhone 3G S and included new features like voice control,
multimedia messaging, and cut, copy, and paste functions.
- After the introduction of the iPad in March 2010, iPhone OS became iOS.
- iOS 3 was free for iPhone users, but iPod Touch users had to pay $9.95.
iOS 4
- iOS 4 introduced wallpapers, multitasking, folders, FaceTime, and iBooks for iPad.
- For the first time, iPod touch users did not have to pay to upgrade.
- iOS 4 came preinstalled with the iPhone 4 and iPad 2.
iOS 5
- iOS 5, pre-packaged with the iPhone 4S, introduced Siri, Notification Center, iMessage,
and iCloud.
- Users could activate and set up their devices wirelessly with over-the-air updates.
- iOS 5 also brought the introduction of iCloud and Twitter integration.

Evolution of Android
Android Versions 1.0 to 1.1: The Early Days
- Android 1.0 was officially released in 2008 with basic features and early Google apps
like Gmail, Maps, Calendar, and YouTube integrated into the OS.
 - Android 1.5 Cupcake introduced the first on-screen keyboard and third-party app
widgets.
- Android 1.6 Donut added support for different screen sizes and CDMA networks like
Verizon.
Android Versions 2.0-2.1: Éclair
- Versions 2.0 and 2.1 brought text to speech support, live wallpapers, and improved
contacts page functionality.
- Version 2.0 was the first to have multiple account support and Google Maps navigation.
Android Version 2.2: Froyo
- Android 2.2 introduced support for animated GIFs, multiple keyboard languages, and
speed and performance improvements.
- It also added support for Bluetooth functionality and Wi-Fi hotspot for sharing the 3G
connection.
Android Version 4.0: Ice Cream Sandwich
- Android 4.0 revamped the interface with a new design standard known as 'Holo' and
introduced features like spelling check, Wi-Fi direct, and a card-like appearance for app-
switching.
Android Version 5: Lollipop
- Android 5.0 Lollipop introduced a redesigned user interface with 'material design' and
features like voice search, gestures, and high-definition voice calls.
- It also supported multiple sim cards and had improved UI.

iOS Architecture
Core OS Layer
- The Core OS layer holds low-level features like Core Bluetooth Framework, Accelerate
Framework, and Security Services framework.
- 64-Bit support from iOS 7 enables faster app development and execution.
Core Services Layer
- Important Frameworks in this layer include Address book, Foundation, Cloud kit,
Healthkit, and Core data frameworks.
- Core Services provide basic services that all applications rely on.
Media Layer
- Graphics, Audio, and Video technology are enabled using the Media Layer.
 - Graphics Framework includes UIKit Graphics, Core Graphics framework, and OpenGL
ES.
- Audio Framework includes AV Kit, AV Foundation, and OpenAL.
Cocoa Touch Layer
- Cocoa Touch Layer provides essential infrastructure for graphical, event-driven apps in
iOS.
- Includes frameworks like EventKit, GameKit, iAd, MapKit, PushKit, and UIKit.
- Supports multitasking, user interface management, touch and motion events, and more.

Android Architecture
Applications
- Applications are the top layer of Android architecture where pre-installed and third-party
apps run.
- Apps run within the Android runtime using classes and services from the Application
Framework.
Application Framework
- Provides important classes for creating Android applications and managing hardware
access.
- It helps in creating a generic abstraction for hardware access and managing the user
interface.
Android Runtime
- Android Runtime provides the environment for running Android applications.
- It executes the code and manages memory, providing the necessary resources for
applications to run.
Platform Libraries
- Platform Libraries provide various libraries for developers to use in their applications.
- These libraries offer functionalities like graphics rendering, data storage, and network
connectivity.
Linux Kernel
- The Linux Kernel is the foundation of the Android operating system.
- It provides core system functions such as security, memory management, and process
management.