SUNNY HILLSIDE SCHOOL OF BATAAN, INC.

Upper Ipag, Mariveles, Bataan

Email: [email protected]
Contact no.: (047)612-0420

SUBJECT:Practical Research
TEACHER: Jessica J. Caisip GRADE AND SECTION: 12 – Brilliance
WEEK/LESSON: Week 5 TIME: Monday – Thursday (1-2 PM)

WEEK 1
Learning Objective/s:
1.) Formulates clearly the statement of research problem.

IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM AND ASKING THE QUESTION

1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY / INTRODUCTION
The background of your study/introduction will provide context to the information discussed throughout the
research process. Thus, the background of the study generates the reader’s interest in your research question
and helps them understand why your study is important. The background information of your study may
include root of the problem being studied, its effect, and scope,

Typically, the background of a study includes a review of the existing literature on the area of your research,
leading up to your topic. Once you have discussed the contribution of other researchers in the field, you can
identify gaps in understanding areas that have not been addressed in these studies. You can then explain how
your study will address these gaps and how it will contribute to the existing knowledge in the field.

Furthermore, the background of the study will consider your statement of the problem, rationale, and
research questions. It links the introduction to your research study and guarantees a logical flow of ideas.
Thus, it helps readers understand and comprehend your reasons and explanations for conducting the study.

Sample Background of the Study:

GRADE 11 STUDENTS’ LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON THE 3R’S METHOD IN UTILIZING
NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE IN LA SALLE UNIVERSITY

In today’s generation, a lot of problems have been emerging in our society and the most common problem that
humans are facing right now is about the environmental concerns, specifically the solid waste which includes
the biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Waste can be defined to be as those materials that are no longer
needed at some point. Biodegradable waste are those that can be easily decomposed while non-biodegradable
waste are those that cannot be broken and decomposed in which these will remain stable indefinitely. Moreover,
non-biodegradable waste brings problem to our environment.

2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Researchers create and generate theoretical and conceptual frameworks that comprise a philosophical
and methodological model to help and aid to design their work.
A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts that can be applied in
different categories of work where an overall picture is needed in order to come up with the desired goal. It is
necessary to make conceptual and theoretical distinctions and organize ideas. Strong and resilient conceptual
frameworks capture and apprehend something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply
The theoretical and conceptual frameworks provide evidence of academic standards and procedures that
validates the authenticity of the study. They also proposed an explanation and clarification of why the study is
relevant and how the researcher expects to fill the gap in the literature.

How to make a Conceptual Framework?

As written by Maria Magher, A conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint. It provides an
outline of how you plan to conduct the research of your thesis, but it goes further than that by also positioning
your work within the larger field of research.
a. Conduct a Literature Review
Before you can have your own research, you need to understand and comprehend what research has already
been conducted on your topic of interest and curiosity. Conducting a literature review can help you to refine
your central argument or hypothesis. You must also conduct and gather the literature review to be able to
place and organize your work within the larger and greater area of study in your conceptual framework.
Your framework should present the relevant research ad show how your work will help to advance the field.
b. Create a Flow Chart
Conceptual frameworks are frequently visual in nature and allow those reading the framework to understand the
course of your research. You can present this in whatever way makes the most sense for your work, which can
include a flow chart, mind gap or diagram. In every component of your research you should showcase
the variables that influence it.
c. Write a Narrative
Conceptual frameworks don’t have to include a diagram or graphic. You can always present the same
information and evidences by writing a narrative. Your narrative should recap the variables influencing
your research and explore how they may change the hypothesis. The narrative should also explain and enlighten
the basic methodology for your research. If you include a diagram in your conceptual framework, a narrative
should also be included explaining these details for those who prefer more in-depth information. Bolded
headers to separate the sections of your narrative and to create a visual order of information.
d. Return and Revise
As you begin your research, you may discover that certain elements of your conceptual framework no longer
needed. You will discover new variables, or you may identify that your hypothesis is incorrect. You may
discover additional research that challenges your own theory and ideas. You should return to your framework
and revise it if necessary.
Sample Schematic Diagram
Demographic Profile of the
respondents in terms of:
- Age
- Gender Academic Achievement of
- Grade Level 4Ps Pupils-Recipients
- Occupation of the parents
- Monthly income of the parents

3. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Research Hypothesis is vital to all research endeavors, whether qualitative or quantitative, exploratory or
explanatory.
In developing a testable research hypotheses takes skill, however, along with careful attention to how
the proposed research method treats the development and testing of hypotheses. The hypothesis in your study,
you are predicting the relationship between two variables.

Research Question Independent variable(s) Dependent variable(s)

Do tomatoes grow fastest under  The type of light the tomato  The rate of growth of
fluorescent, incandescent, or natural light? plant is grown under the tomato plant

What is the effect of diet and regular soda  The type of soda you drink  Your blood sugar levels
on blood sugar levels? (diet or regular)

Following are some hints for the formulation of your hypothesis.

1. Be certain to read on the subject matter to explain with it before making a final decision
2. As noted, a research hypothesis is more than just a topic. It has two elements (variables) that are in relation
to each other. Your hypothesis is what you propose to “prove” by your research. As a outcome of your research,
you will arrive at a conclusion, a theory, or understanding that will be useful or applicable beyond the research
itself.
3. Avoid judgmental and critical words in your hypothesis.
4. Your hypothesis must involve an issue or question that cannot be answered exclusively by the discipline of
law.
5. Be certain that each term I your hypothesis is clearly understood and defined, do not deal in generalities or
assume that the reader knows the meaning of the technical term.
6. Specify, if appropriate, whether you will be dealing with state or federal law or both on a comparative basis
if appropriate.
7. Know that your hypothesis may change over time as your research progresses.

You must obtain the professor’s approval of your hypothesis, as well as any modifications to your hypothesis,
before proceeding with any work on the topic.

You will be expressing your hypothesis in 3 ways:

1. As a one-sentence hypothesis.
2. As a research question.
3. As a title for your paper.

Your hypothesis will be part of your research proposal. Sample on Research Hypothesis:

Null Hypothesis:
1. There is no significant relationship between respondents profile in the academic achievement.

4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Marshall and Rossman (1995) explain clearly the purposes of the problem statement or inquiry.
1. To describe the substantive focus of the research study
2. To frame it as
a. A larger theoretical policy
b. A practical problem and thereby, develop its significance
3. To pose initial research questions
4. To forecast the literature to be discussed in the second section and
5. To discuss the limitations of the study.

Let us suppose that in the course of your reading a newspaper, you come across in the article that interested you
that you decided to do a qualitative research on the problem discussed in the article. This is a preliminary
procedure which will lead you to a statement of the problem.

Directions:
1. Do a close reading of the following article:
Tell me what you see: “Am I pretty or ugly?”
New York- Sammie, a shy 13-year old from New Jersey, stepped out of the shower and pulled a plain gray
T-shirt. She left her hair wet and decided not to apply makeup. Careful not to wake up her family, she looked
into the camera and spoke in a low whisper.
“People at my school and camp say that I’m the ugliest person they’ve ever seen, “she said,” and that I
could be the ugliest person that could ever be living.”
“Be honest and tell me if I am ugly or nit,” she continued. “I can take it, but please don’t say really mean
stuff.”
She titled the video, “Am I ugly or pretty?” and like thousands of other young girls who have made
similar videos, uploaded it YouTube. Several months, 72,000 views and more than 2,000 comments later, she
was no less insecure about appearance, she said in a telephone interview in December 2013.
But she had learned a lot about the cruelty of people. “I don’t like to look at that video anymore,” she
said. “It makes me upset

2. You decide to do a qualitative research on this topic of interest and you come up with a specific
problem:
Presentation of the Formulated Statement of the problem Based on the Feature Article
Specific Title of the Study:
Narcissism in Teenagers: Root causes, Manifestations and Interventions

Introduction
Taking selfies or video of oneself has become a social phenomenon that has been brought about by the
use of modern gadgets, particularly the mobile phone-adolescents take pictures or videos of themselves,
their possessions, their latest happenings or gigs, their friends, their food-anything, anyone they take a fancy on,
anywhere, anytime. A good number of people say that this social phenomenon has evolved into narcissism.
There is, to date, a dearth of research on this topic.

Statement of the Problem

Major Problem: this study aims to investigate the root causes of narcissism, as well as its manifestations and
possible forms of intervention.

Specific Problems: Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the underlying causes of narcissism?
2. How has technology contributed to narcissistic behavior?
3. What re the manifestations of narcissistic behavior in adolescents?
4. What forms of intervention can be done to address this behavior of adolescents?
5. How can the following help in developing healthy self-esteem, positive outlook and attitudes in adolescents?
A. Parents
B. Curriculum Planners
C. Administrators
D. Teachers
E. Guidance Counsellors
F. Peers.
5. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope and delimitation of the study sets borders and limitations of the problem inquiry and narrows down
the scope of the inquiry.

Examples of Delimitation of Research:

1. This study covers only those families in Barangay San Jose, Pasig City, benefited by the government’s
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.
2. This study includes only those English freshman classes that use both Blended Learning and standard ways
of Language teaching.

6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In actual fact, the section on significance of the study provides information to the reader on how the study
will contribute. It must be exactly stated, however, what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it.

Sample Significance of the study:

Significance of the Study

The researcher believed that the result of this study will help the following assess the 4Ps program and its effect
to the performance of the pupils.

The Department of Social Welfare and Development. The researcher believes that the result of this study
will be of great importance to the department since they are the ones monitoring the 4Ps program. May this
study serve as the basis in the modification of the conditions in giving cash grants.

The Administrators. The result of the study would be the basis of constructing and implementing new
and innovative teaching aids to help teachers fully supervise and assess the pupils to achieve their full potential,
since children are financially supported in their studies by the government.

The Teachers. The result of this study may help the teacher in constructing and developing new teaching
strategies to help the students in their performance and be mindful that even if students are provided and
supported by government, they still need equal guidance to perform well in school. The factors affecting the
performance of the students may also help the teacher as their basis in making daily lessons.

The Parents. The result of this study will inform the parents that their guidance is a big impact on the
performance of the students in school.
The Students. May the result of this research helps the student in understanding that coming to school
daily may be a guarantee that they will also have good academic performance. And may the result give them the
overview of how the government is supporting their studies and that they must do their part by studying well.

7. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Glossary of Research Terms- this glossary is intended to assist you in understanding commonly used terms
and concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research in the social sciences.

Types and Functions

a. Conceptual Definition
Refers to the dictionary meaning.

b. Operational Definition
Is the meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.

Sample Operational Definition of Terms:

Conceptual Definition
Academic Performance – It is the product of education - the degree to which a student, teacher or organization
has attained their educational goals. It is dignified by the final grade earned in the course

Operational Definition
CCT or Conditional Cash Transfer - This is a program that transfers cash, largely to deprived families, on the
circumstance that those families make prespecified funds in the human assets of their kids.

As a summary, the background of the study of the research states the rationale of the study, as well as
the surrounding circumstances on why the study is carry out. The statement of the problem is clearly more
shown the research questions which shows the focus of the research study. The scope and delimitation of the
study sets boundaries and parameters of the study. The significance of the study cites the benefits of the study
as well as its beneficiaries.

ACTIVITY 1:

Read each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

____ 1. The part of your study is intended to assist you in understanding commonly used terms and
concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research in the social sciences.
A. Background of the Study
B. Scope and delimitation of the study
C. Glossary of Research Terms
D. Significance of the study

____ 2. The part of your study that will provide context to the information discussed throughout the
research process.
A. Background of the Study
B. Scope and delimitation of the study
C. Operational Definition
D. Significance of the study

____ 3. The section of the study that provides information to the reader on how the study will
contribute.
A. Significance of the study
B. Scope and delimitation of the study
C. Operational Definition
D. Glossary of terminology
____ 4. A part of research that is necessary in the theoretical and conceptual framework.
A. Dependable Variable
B. Independent Variable
C. Dependent Variable
D. Independent Variable and Dependent Variable

____ 5. According to her a conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint.

A. Maria Marie Florenda
B. Maria Magic
C. Maria Magher
D. Maria June Mandela

____ 6. The portion of your study that will provide evidence of academic standards and procedure.
A. Theory Framework
B. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
C. Concept Framework
D. None of the above

____ 7. It will provide information to the reader on how the study will contribute.
A. Significance of the study
B. Scope and delimitation of the study
C. Operational Definition
D. Significance of the study
____ 8. The part of your study that sets boundaries and parameters of the problem inquiry and narrows
down the scope of the inquiry.
A. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
B. Background of the Study
C. Scope and delimitation of the study
D. Scope and delimitation of the study

____ 9. It is the meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.

A. Conceptual Definition
B. Conceptual Definition-Operational
C. Operational Definition
D. All of the above

____ 10. It is considered as dictionary terminologies.

A. Operational Definition
B. Conceptual Definition
C. Operational-Conceptual Definition
D. All of the above

____ 11.They explain clearly the purposes of the problem statement or inquiry.
A. Marshall and Rossman
B. Marshall Leu and Rose Man
C. F.J. Espania and R. E. Fernandez
D. None of the above

____ 12.In processing your conceptual which is not included in the steps stated below.
A. Conduct a Literature
B. Create a Flow chart
C. Write a Narrative
D. Do not return and revise

____ 13.The part of your states what the researcher expects to find- it is the tentative answer to the
research question that guides the entire study.
A. Research Significance
B. Research Truth
C. Research Hypothesis
D. Research Operation Definition

____ 14.An analytical tool with several variations and contexts.

A. Scope and delimitation of the study
B. Conceptual Framework
C. Significance of the study
D. Operational Definition

____ 15.The part of your study that will provide context to the information discussed throughout the
research process.
A. Background of the Study
B. Scope and delimitation of the study
C. Operational Definition
D. Significance of the study

ACTIVITY 2:

Give your insights to the following parts of chapter 1 of a research paper:

1. Background of the Study / Introduction

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2. Conceptual Framework
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3. Research Hypothesis
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4. Statement of the Problem

__________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. Scope and Limitation of the Study

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6. Significance of the Study
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7. Definition of Terms
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“Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.” ― Aristotle