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Binomial Array

The document discusses binomial arrays, which are antenna arrays that have non-uniform excitation amplitudes. Binomial arrays reduce sidelobe levels by arranging the amplitudes of radiating sources according to the coefficients of the binomial series. This distribution eliminates secondary lobes entirely if the spacing between sources is less than two wavelengths and the current amplitudes are proportional to the binomial coefficients. However, binomial arrays have lower directivity than uniform arrays due to their wider beamwidth.

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Hanisha Selvi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
83 views

Binomial Array

The document discusses binomial arrays, which are antenna arrays that have non-uniform excitation amplitudes. Binomial arrays reduce sidelobe levels by arranging the amplitudes of radiating sources according to the coefficients of the binomial series. This distribution eliminates secondary lobes entirely if the spacing between sources is less than two wavelengths and the current amplitudes are proportional to the binomial coefficients. However, binomial arrays have lower directivity than uniform arrays due to their wider beamwidth.

Uploaded by

Hanisha Selvi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

7 NON-UNIFORM EXCITATION AMPLITUDES: BINOMIAL


ARRAYS
5.7.1 Why Binomial Array is Needed?
The binomial array is needed for the following reasons:
When the uniform linear array length is increased to increase the
)
directivity, at that time secondary (or) minor lobes also appear along the
desired radiation pattern.
single maim )lL
(ii) In some of the special applications, it is desired to have
with no minor lobes. That means the minor lobes should be eliminntod
completely or reduced to minimum level as compared to main lobe
because considerable amount of power is wasted in this directions.

Toreduce the sideband level, we use binomial array which deals with the non
uniform amplitude of elements. Here the amplitudes of the radiating sources
the binomial
are arranged according to the coefficients of successive terms of
series of the form:

n-l
(a +b)"-l = g-l n-l
1!
an-2.h + (n-1)(0-2) g-B+
2!

(n-)(-2)
3!
(n-3)-4 +
where n- Number of radiating sources in the array.
Autenma.Arrays and Applications 5.37
Concepts of Binomial Array
57.2
Don array is arranged in such a way that radiating sources are in the centre of
the broad side array radiates more strongly than the radiating sources at the
edges. The secondary lobes can be eliminated entirely, when the following two
conditions are satisfied:
between the two consecutive radiating sources does not exceed
() Thespace
2, and

(i) The current amplitudes in radiating sources from outer, towards centre
source) are proportional to the coefficients of the successive terms of the
binomial series.
The above conditions are necessarily satisfied in binomial arrays and the
oneficients which .corresponds to the amplitude of the sources are obtained by
putting n =1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...........in the equation (1 ).
. For example, the relative amplitudes for the arrays of 1 to 10 radiating sources
are given as follows:
Number of sources Relative Amplitude
n =1 1

n =2 1,1
n=3 1, 2, 1
n=4 1,3, 3, 1
n=5 1,4, 6,4, 1
n =6 1,5, 10, 10, 5, 1
n=7 1,6, 15,20, 15, 6, 1
n=8 1,7,21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1
n=9 1,8, 28, 56, 70,56, 28, 8,1
n=10 1,9, 36, 84, 126, 126, 84, 36, 9, 1
4
These coefficients for any number of radiating sources can also be obtained
from Pascal's triangle, where each internal integer is the sum of the above
aijacent integers.
5.38
PASCAL'STRIANGLE
1

2 1
3 3
4 6 4 1
5 10 10 5 1
6 15 20 6
35 35 21 7
7 21
28 56 70 56 28 8
36 84 126 126 84 36

binomial
& However, the elimination of secondary lobesin a array takes placz
the cost of directivity. HPBW of binomial array is more than
array for the same length of an array.
that of urifom

4 For example, consider n = 5, d N2, HPBW of binomial array is 31 a


HPBW of an uniform array is 23° as shown in Fig 5.28.

23° 31°
HPBW) HPBW

(a)Uniform arra (b) Binomial array with


amplitude ratio I : 4:6:4:I

Fig 5.28
If we reduce the spacing between the two elements to one half wavelength
only the primary lobes will obtain. The resultant pattern can be obtained
using the concept of the pattern multiplication. In general, the far fielddpate
for the binomial array of 'n'
sources are
......
E
Lnor -cosn -D (T/2 cos 0)
is
source
of
ratio
amplitu
decreases.
larger
directivity
the
are the array,
binomial
Disadvantages
arrays
hence
large
and
a
of
increases
design
DiE
sadvant
of ages:
requir
HPBIWthe
For
A 6)

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