SENSORY QUALITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF CARROT (Daucus carota)-

POTATO (Solanum tuberosum) BALLS WITH MORINGGA POWDER

(Moringaoleifera)

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKROUND

Introduction

In recent times, there has been a significant shift towards enhancing the
nutritional value of daily consumed foods as a strategy to combat malnutrition and
improve overall health (Ghosh, 2019). This trend has led to the exploration of various
ingredient combinations, among which the pairing of carrot and potato has emerged as a
standout option. This duo not only provides a delightful taste but also offers versatility in
culinary applications (Sánchez-Mata et al., 2012).

The present study revealed that, Solanum tuberosum are good sources of
nutrients.The nutrient composition of the products contained a good amount of protein,
fat, energy, carbohydrate, ash, crude fibre, β-carotene and vitamin-C and also it contains
better amount of minerals (potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese and
sodium).(Senthilkumar,2020) .

Carrots are a rich source of vitamin A as they contain β-carotene, which is easily
converted into vitamin A by the human body. Considering the dietary and health benefits,
the marketing and developing of various products are essential in satisfying people’s
nutrient requirements, particularly as a low-priced source of vitamin A. Carrots, like
many or colourful vegetables, are high in antioxidants. Carrots' biological & rapeutic
effects may be due to ir high concentration of antioxidant carotenoids, particularly -
carotene. Antioxidants are found in carrots in form of carotenoids, polyphenols, &
vitamins. Carotenoids, which are found in abundance in orange carrots, are powerful
antioxidants that may counteract effects of free radicals. Carrot roots contain flavonoids
& phenolic derivate, both of which act as antioxidants. y have anticarcinogenic
properties, as well as ability to decrease inflammatory insult & regulate immunological
response. Carrot seed extract has a gender-specific fertility impact. Carrot seeds have
shown to have anti-fertility effects in females in pharmacological tests. Carrot seed
extract, on or h&, has shown to stimulate spermatogenesis in male rats, according to a
study. researchers discovered that rats given carrot seed extract recuperated through
gentamicininduced reproductive toxicity & had improved spermatogenesis. As result,
carrot seed extract was able to stimulate spermatogenesis & sperm stores in cauda
epididymal region. impact is thought to be caused by an increase in testosterone levels in
male rats, which is a biological process. Carrot seed extracts are high in antioxidants, thus
increase in cauda epididymal sperm stores may be due to antioxidant impact.

Potatoes are primarily made of carbohydrates and contain very little protein. This
makes it an ideal diet for those excessively lean or thin people who desperately want to
put on weight. The vitamin content includes vitamin C and B-complex, which also help
in proper absorption of carbohydrates. That is one of the reasons that potatoes make up a
large part of the diet of sumo wrestlers, as well as many other athletes who need large
energy reserves to burn off in order to compete. Apart from the vitamins (B-complex, C),
minerals and roughage, potatoes also contain certain substances called Carotenoids
(lutein, zeaxanthin). Carotenoids are beneficial for heart health and the functioning of
other internal organs. Again, since potatoes raises the glucose level in the blood and over-
consumption may cause obesity, which puts pressure on your heart, you must be careful
about how often you use potatoes for this health benefit. This method of preventing heart
disease is not recommended for obese or diabetic people. Since high blood pressure can
occur for a number of reasons that include diabetes, tension, indigestion, nutrient balance,
food content and many others, different treatments are required. Luckily, potatoes can
alleviate multiple possible causes; potatoes can be used to relieve high blood pressure due
to tension. They can also treat indigestion due to abundance of vitamin C and fibre within
it, but they should be avoided if the high blood pressure is a result of diabetes. The fibre
present in it is helpful in lowering cholesterol and improves functioning of insulin in the
body, which aids in the lowering of blood pressure. This is because there is a direct
relation between blood pressure and the glucose level in the blood; insulin helps to
regulate that glucose level. Furthermore, the potassium found in potatoes (46% of daily
requirement per serving) lowers blood pressure, since potassium functions as a
vasodilator. Certain types of potatoes, particularly red and russet ones, contain high levels
of flavonoid antioxidants and vitamin A like zeaxanthin and carotenes, they can protect
you against many types of cancer. Also, research at the Agricultural Research service has
shown that potatoes contain a compound called quercetin, which has been proven to have
anticancer and anti-tumor properties. Finally, the high levels of vitamin A and C both
have antioxidant qualities that can protect your body from the devastating effects of
cancer.

Moringa oleifera, commonly referred to as moringa, is celebrated for its

exceptional nutritional content, including high levels of vitamins minerals, and
antioxidants (Leone et al., 2015). Incorporating moringa into carrot potato balls not only
enhances their nutritional value but also introduces a unique flavor profile and vibrant
color, appealing to both health-conscious consumers and culinary enthusiasts (Stohs &
Hartman, 2015).

The global food system is grappling with a multitude of pressing challenges,

including a rapidly growing population, the prevalence of malnutrition, and the urgent
need for environmental sustainability. These complex issues mandate the exploration and
implementation of innovative, nutrient-dense, and ecologically sustainable food
solutions. By prioritizing these factors, we can work towards building a more resilient
and equitable food system that caters to the needs of both the present and future
generations.

The objective is to tackle these issues through the creation of a food product that
excels in both taste and nutritional value while being simple to manufacture. This
endeavor likely falls within the realm of food science, nutrition, and culinary arts,
focusing on the innovation and evaluation of a nourishing, environmentally friendly, and
appetizing dish incorporating potatoes, carrots, and moringa (Sengupta et al., 2020).

In the quest to tackle global issues like hunger, malnutrition, and unsustainable
food practices, researchers and food scientists are continuously exploring innovative
solutions. One promising avenue involves enriching staple foods with nutrient-dense
additives to boost their nutritional content and sensory appeal. This study specifically
investigates the sensory attributes and consumer acceptance of carrot-potato balls
fortified with moringa powder, a natural supplement derived from the moringa tree's
leaves. Renowned for its rich nutritional profile encompassing vitamins, minerals, and
antioxidants, moringa powder presents an opportunity to enhance both the nutritional
quality and palatability of popular snacks like carrot-potato balls.This research aligns
with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 2 (Zero Hunger),
where incorporating moringa powder into food products like carrot-potato balls can
contribute to improving nutritional value and accessibility, thus aiding in the fight against
hunger and malnutrition. Additionally, under SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), the
health benefits of moringa powder, including its vitamin and antioxidant content, can
promote healthier dietary choices, fostering improved well-being. Furthermore, in line
with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), exploring alternative
ingredients like moringa powder supports sustainable consumption patterns by
advocating the responsible use of natural resources in food processing. Lastly, SDG 13
(Climate Action) is indirectly supported through the resilience of moringa trees in diverse
climates, aiding in ecosystem restoration and climate resilience when incorporated into
food products.By addressing critical issues related to food security, health enhancement,
sustainable consumption practices, and environmental stewardship, this study aims to
provide valuable insights through thorough sensory evaluation and consumer feedback. It
contributes to the ongoing dialogue on sustainable food innovation and dietary
enrichment, paving the way for more nutritious, appealing, and environmentally
conscious food options.

This research aims to examine the culinary potential and nutritional implications
of enhancing carrot potato balls with moringa, by evaluating the acceptability and
potential advantages of this innovative fusion., we the researchers aspire to contribute to
the development of nutrient-rich and palatable food options that foster well-being and
promote sustainable dietary practices.

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to evaluate the sensory properties and general
acceptability of the developed product. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following
questions:.
1. What are the sensory properties of the developed product in terms of color, taste
or flavor, odor, texture, and overall acceptability?
2. What is the overall acceptability of the carrot-potato balls with moringa powder in
different proportions as follows?
2.1 Treatment 1: 111g of Carrot
2.2 Treatment 2: 279.75 of Carrot and 839.25g of Potato
2.3 Treatment 3: 559.50g of Carrot and 559.50 of Potato
2.4 Treatment 4: 839.25g of Carrot and 279.75 of Potato
3. What are the significant differences in the sensory characteristics of carrot-potato
balls with moringa powder between the different treatments?
4. How much profit can be derived if the product is sold in the market?

Objectives of the Study

The study will be conducted to:

1. Determine the sensory properties of the developed product in terms of color, taste
or flavor, odor, texture, and overall acceptability.
2. Determine the overall acceptability of carrot-potato balls with moringa powder in
different proportions, as follows:
2.1 Treatment 1: 111g of Carrot
2.2 Treatment 2: 279.75 of Carrot and 839.25g of Potato
2.3 Treatment 3: 559.50g of Carrot and 559.50 of Potato
2.4 Treatment 4: 839.25g of Carrot and 279.75 of Potato
2 Determine the existence of significant differences in the sensory characteristics of
carrot-potato balls with moringa powder between the different treatments.
3 Determine the profit that can be derived from producing the product.

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Teacher: This research will significantly expand teachers' understanding of the sensory
quality and acceptability of carrot-potato balls with moringa powder , potentially
inspiring the integration of this nutritious snack into school meal programs or culinary
education.

Parent: This research will equip parents with valuable knowledge about the sensory
quality and acceptability of carrot-potato balls with moringa powder , offering an
alternative, nutritious snack option for their children that can be enjoyed at home or on
the go.

Student: By engaging with this research, students will gain familiarity with the
acceptability of carrot-potato balls with moringa powder as a snack, fostering a deeper
appreciation for the versatility of sweet potatoes and encouraging healthier snacking
habits.

Entrepreneur: This research will provide entrepreneurs with a solid foundation for
developing innovative business ideas centered around of carrot-potato balls with moringa
powder, contributing to local economic growth and job creation in the food industry.

Future Researchers: This study will serve as a robust basis for future researchers
interested in exploring the sensory quality and acceptability of carrot-potato balls with
moringa powder or similar food products, advancing the fields of food science, nutrition,
and culinary arts.

Scope and Delimitation

The study will aim to determine the presence of significant differences in the
sensory characteristics of carrot-potato balls with moringa powder across various
treatment groups. To achieve this, the research will involve a panel of 50 respondents,
comprising college students, staff, and faculty members from the Isabela State University
Cauayan Campus, ranging in age from 18 to 24 years old. The primary objective of the
study is to evaluate the sensory quality and acceptability of the carrot-potato balls with
moringa powder, providing valuable insights into consumer preferences and potential
areas for improvement in the product's taste, texture, and presentation.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined operationally in this study.

Acceptability Refers to the degree to which a product or intervention is perceived as
suitable, agreeable, or satisfactory by consumers or stakeholders.

Consumer preferences The subjective opinions and choices of consumers regarding

specific products or attributes, influenced by factors such as taste, price, convenience, and
perceived health benefits.

Demographic factors Characteristics of a population or consumer group, including age,

gender, education, income, and geographic location, which may influence consumer
behavior and preferences.

Dietary diversification The process of increasing the variety of foods consumed within a
diet to ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients and promote overall health and well-
being.

Functional foods Foods that provide additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition
due to the presence of bioactive compounds or added ingredients with specific health-
promoting properties.

Market potential The likelihood or opportunity for a product or service to be successful

in the marketplace, based on factors such as consumer demand, competition, and
economic conditions.

Market segmentation The process of dividing a market into distinct groups of

consumers with similar characteristics, needs, or preferences, allowing companies to
tailor their marketing strategies and product offerings accordingly.

Moringa A genus of plants native to parts of Africa and Asia, known for their nutritional
and medicinal properties. Moringa leaves, seeds, and pods are rich in vitamins, minerals,
and antioxidants, making them a valuable dietary supplement.

Nutritional composition The quantitative and qualitative makeup of nutrients (such as

vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, and fats) present in a food product.

Sustainable Development Goals (SGG’s) A set of 17 interconnected global goals

adopted by the United Nations member states to address pressing social, economic, and
environmental challenges by 2030, including ending poverty, promoting health and well-
being, ensuring food security, and protecting the planet.

Sensory attributes Characteristics of a food product perceived by the senses, including

taste, texture, aroma, appearance, and mouthfeel.

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