MAMIOLOF

Functions Lecture 1 28 02
overview of section
what is a function
terminology
3 ways to specify a function
numerical
graphical
algebraic
today textbook Chapter 1.1 pas 49

Lecturer James Mbewa

Overview
2 weeks n 7 lectures
definition of function Fcc

wags to specify a function

numerical graphical algebraic
types of functions
power Abc axe
root feed get
absolute value Fed 1gal
exponential Flac Ab fac et
logarithmic FL loge fac Ina
trigonometric fog sink f Gc cosec
radians not degrees
shifting graphs
a
horizontal vertical scaling etc
What is a function
Defn A function is a relationship that shows how
one quantity depends on another A function
assigns to each input value a single output
value

input function output

e g
X square ace

A
square
x
root IE X

doesn't have to be algebraic only have single output value

for each input value

age function height of tree

 Worked Example
This table below gives us the accumulated sales of Nintendo Wii game consoles from
the end of December 2006 to the end of December 2014:

Time (years
input p after Dec 2006)
𝒕
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

falction
Accumulated
output sales (mil.) 3 9 27 53 73 88 98 105 109
𝒇(𝒕)

t O f o million accmulated sale of

3 Wii
O years after Pee 2006 in Dec 2006
t 4 F 4 73 mill accumulated sale of Wii
4 years after Pee 2006 in Dec 20107
flt gives accumulated sales of Wii t years
after Dec 2006
We call f a function of the variable t

This means that for every value of t between 0 and

8 the function f gives us a single corresponding
value fet that tells us how many consoles were sold
up to time t
 Terminology
In this section we deal with functions with numbers as
inputs and outputs More specifically real numbers

Real numbers are any number you would find on a

number line positive negative or zero

This includes any whole number integer fraction and

numbers like E or T Does not include Fa or to

real man 0
14919
1
line 21.12 73.14

We call these types of functions

realvalued functions of real variables
C
output input
We call the letter t from flt the argument of the
function f This is the input value and is called an
independent variable
Note we can choose any letter for the argument but
normally we use t for time and a for anything
else
we can any letter for the
choose function but
normally we use f
Domain
In the example above the input values were between
O and 8 We call the interval 0 87 the domain of
the function f

The domain of a function is the set of values of the

argument for is defined
which the function

Sometimes the domain of a function is not specified

explicitly Then we take the domain to be the largest
set of numbers a for which fad makes sense
This largest possible domain is called the natural domain
e g floc Gc a E 0 8 azo
Range
In the example above the output values were between
3 and 109 We call the interval 3 109 the range of
the function f

The range of a function is the set of all possible

output values from all input values in the domain
It is usually easiest to plot the function to find the
range AGO
e g f Gc 22 2

272 K E T2 0 Wjtrange
3 Ways to Specify a function
In the previous example we specified our function
numerically giving the values of the function for a
number of values of the argument in a table
Time (years
since Dec 2006) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
𝒕

Accumulated
sales (mil.) 3 9 27 53 73 88 98 105 109
𝒇(𝒕)

We could also represent this function graphically by

plotting the given pairs of numbers Ct fat in the
Xy plane 12ft Console
Sales millions

100 x
x
80 x
60
x
40
20

É F I 3 4 5 6 7 8
t
In general the graph of a function f consists of all
points Gs food in the plane with a in the domain off
If we graph and not the table we could
only had the find
use the graph to approximate values of the 210
function by reading it off the graph e g f 2.57
We can also specify certain functions algebraically
if we can use an algebraic formula to calculate the
values of a function e.g for 23 42 3
In summary
3 ways to specify a function numerical graphical
algebraic
can convert between them sometimes approximately

each has its pros and cons and practicality

Example 1
Let 𝑐(𝑡) be the world emission of carbon dioxide (in billions of metric tons) in year 𝑡 since
2000, represented by the following table (* = projected figures):

𝒕 (years since 2000) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

𝒄(𝒕) (CO2 emissions) 24 28 31 33* 36* 38* 41*

a) What is the domain of the function?

b) What is the range of the function?
c) What is the argument of the function?
d) What are some function values and their interpretation?

O Ets 30 t E 0,30
24 Edt 541 CCH E 24,413
t years since 2000
too Clo 24 in 2000,24 billion metric tons were
emitted
t 25 257 38 in 2025 38 billion metric tons were
projected to be emitted
 Example 2
Let 𝑞(𝑝) be the number of smartphones (in millions) sold worldwide in a year when the
price is set at 𝑝 dollars, as represented by the following graph:
P
go
a) What is the domain of the function?
700N b) What is the range of the function?
600 c) What is the argument of the function?
soo d) What are some function values and their interpretation?
400

1201 p 200 p 6420,2003

300
200
800
too 1005 gcp q p E 100,800
P
120 130 140 so 160 170 180 190200
p the price of a smartphone
130 million smartphone are gold when
p q 13077550 the price is 130

p 160 q 16077200 million smartphones are sold when

the price is 160
 Example 3
Let Flac toe
a) What is the domain of the function?
b) What is the range of the function?
c) What is the argument of the function? brackets
round
d) What are some function values and their interpretation? don't include valor
I
KEIR bat a 40 I see C 0,07010 8

FEDER but Flac 0

HI
I
I
FC D 1 fat ft
Plotting Graphs of Unknown Functions
If you don't know how to plot a function or you forgot
or you want to check your graph a good idea is
0
choose some convenient values of a
in the domain

compute the corresponding fed values

which will be the y coordinates
i e get numerical representation
plot for to basic
pairs
of the
or
get a
shape graph
more points will have a more accurate shape

join the dots

e g Let fbc od with domain ace IR

2C 3 2 t 0 I 2 3
fly 22 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
 EGG
x x

X A x

2
x x
d x
Next time in MAM Olof
tomorrow textbook chapter 1I p 52 57