International Journal of Pattern Recognition

and Arti¯cial Intelligence

Vol. 34, No. 10 (2020) 2054024 (21 pages)
#.c World Scienti¯c Publishing Company
DOI: 10.1142/S0218001420540245
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Key Technologies of Intelligent Transportation Based

on Image Recognition and Optimization Control
Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell. 2020.34. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

Mingxia Huang*,§, Xuebo Yan†,‡,¶, Zhu Bai*,||,

Haiqiang Zhang*,** and Zeen Xu*,††
*School of Transportation Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University
9 Hunnandonglu, Hunnanxinqu, Shenyang
Liaoning 110168, P. R. China
†
Shenzhen Juxin Image Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, P. R. China
‡
Department of Information Management
Graduate School Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
§
[email protected]
¶
[email protected]
||[email protected]

**[email protected]
††
[email protected]; [email protected]

Received 28 May 2019

Accepted 25 September 2019
Published 9 January 2020

With the development of digital image processing technology, the application scope of image
recognition is more and more wide, involving all aspects of life. In particular, the rapid devel-
opment of urbanization and the popularization and application of automobiles in recent years
have led to a sharp increase in tra±c problems in various countries, resulting in intelligent
transportation technology based on image processing optimization control becoming an im-
portant research ¯eld of intelligent systems. Aiming at the application demand analysis of
intelligent transportation system, this paper designs a set of high-de¯nition bayonet systems for
intelligent transportation. It combines data mining technology and distributed parallel Hadoop
technology to design the architecture and analysis of intelligent tra±c operation state data
analysis. The mining algorithm suitable for the system proves the feasibility of the intelligent
tra±c operation state data analysis system with the actual tra±c big data experiment, and aims
to provide decision-making opinions for the tra±c state. Using the deployed Hadoop server
cluster and the AdaBoost algorithm of the improved MapReduce programming model, the
example runs large tra±c data, performs tra±c analysis and speed–overspeed analysis, and
extracts information conducive to tra±c control. It proves the feasibility and e®ectiveness of
using Hadoop platform to mine massive tra±c information.

Keywords : Image recognition; intelligent tra±c; Hadoop; AdaBoost algorithm.

¶ Corresponding author.

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1. Introduction
For a long time, tra±c di±culties have been a common concern for people. Rapid
economic growth has led to the increasing of motor vehicles, and the improvement
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of people's living standards has led to an increase in the number of private cars.
However, land resources are limited, resulting in the shortage of roads required for
existing roads and vehicles, resulting in a series of tra±c jams. Tra±c problems
include tra±c pollution and low transportation e±ciency. In the initial stage of
tra±c reform and development, the construction of comprehensive urban roads
has slowed down the contradiction between large and rapid growth of vehicles and
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slow road construction. In the middle of the transportation development, people

no longer chance on the existing road construction, and road management and
smooth engineering have become the goal of transportation planning management.
In the face of increasingly prominent tra±c congestion and di±cult travel pro-
blems, traditional technical means ¯nd it di±cult to grasp the situation of
vehicles under high-speed operation, and intelligent transportation systems (ITSs)
that alleviate road congestion have emerged. It integrates high-tech means such
as computer technology, mobile communication technology, image processing
and transportation management, and integrates transportation tools, transpor-
tation channels and management and control into one ITS, which is real-time,
accurate and e±cient. The role of transportation to a certain extent has improved
transportation e±ciency, ensured tra±c safety, eased tra±c problems such as
tra±c congestion, and brought broader opportunities for the development of
transportation.
The concept of ITS was proposed in Europe in the 1960s and 1970s. Since the
late 1960s, the rapid development and application of technology has enabled various
research teams at home and abroad to study technologies such as computer tech-
nology, communication and control technology. To study the key technologies of
smart transportation. Tang18 and others proposed that the construction of intelli-
gent transportation has become an irreversible trend. It has the characteristics of
convenience, environment-friendliness, safety, comfort and economy, which can
bring about earth-shaking changes in people's lives. Liao11 proposed that with the
development of society and the improvement of people's quality of life, through
high-tech and convenience of the Internet of Things, building a smart city agri-
cultural transportation system can not only expand the sales range of agricultural
products, but also greatly increase the sales of agricultural products, promote the
rapid development of modern agriculture and improve the lives of farmers. Jaga-
theeswaran9 proposes to explore the exploration problems and challenges that ITSs
should explore, which can be achieved by understanding the existing framework and
model of urbanization and motorization in Chennai; and their diversity and well-
being for the environment. With the continuous development of the social economy,
tra±c problems have gradually become one of the main di±culties in urban

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 Key Technologies of Intelligent Transportation

development. Ma13 proposed that intelligent tra±c construction can e®ectively in-
tegrate urban transportation resources and solve urban tra±c problems. Based on
the development goals and connotation of intelligent transportation, the evaluation
index system of urban intelligent transportation development level is constructed.
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Eight cities are selected as research samples, and the intelligent tra±c level is
evaluated by using entropy weight method and Grey correlation method. The do-
mestic research team has also begun to study intensively. Yu23 proposed that the
current evaluation system of intelligent transportation is in its infancy, and there is
a great lack of concepts and technologies. It is imperative to establish an evaluation
system. Haitao6 processed the collected images, obtained image information in the
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process, re°ected the intensity of the vehicle, con¯rmed the potential tra±c con-
gestion, further assisted the evaluation of the dynamic image detection, and accu-
rately determined the tra±c congestion situation in dynamic mode. Changqing3
based on elaboration likelihood model (ELM), adding improved Principal compo-
nent analysis (PCA) method, proposed a PCA-ELM image recognition algorithm
for tra±c sign recognition system. Through the extraction of HOG features, im-
proved PCA method dimension reduction, ELM model feature training to realize
the identi¯cation of tra±c sign images, Yufu24 can e®ectively identify the license
plate number information of the vehicle under the lens through image segmentation
and image recognition methods, and integrate it into the camera through hardware
to realize real-time recognition. Zhe25 and others integrated image processing and
image recognition technology into the vehicle °ow monitoring system, which will
greatly improve the e±ciency of detection and the quality of management. The
paper mainly combines intelligent tra±c to study image processing and image
recognition technology. Yuxin21 designed an intelligent tra±c light control system
based on FPGA chip and deep learning in the Quartus II environment using VHDL
language combined with hardware circuit. The results show that the addition of the
image recognition module enables the system to quickly and e®ectively manage the
tra±c intersections in an emergency, thus realizing the intelligence of the tra±c
light control system. Hongping8 uses a series of processing on the ingested image,
including image conversion, mathematical shape expansion, image noise processing,
threshold segmentation and edge detection and other image research methods,
extracting image feature values using image technology to detect and identify tra±c
sign information and complete the identi¯cation of tra±c signs, the most important
part of the ITS. Mingsheng16 in the study, with tra±c management as the core,
analyzes the application of image recognition technology in ITS, studies the license
plate recognition technology in urban tra±c management and image recognition
technology in pedestrian tra±c safety management, and promotes the development
of ITS, providing relevant reference and help for relevant researchers. The experi-
mental results of Weibin19 show that the proposed method has higher recognition
accuracy and time than traditional recognition methods, which greatly improves the

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quality of three-dimensional gesture images in tra±c command. Haopeng7 and

others proposed that with the continuous development of technology and the con-
tinuous improvement of image recognition technology, the license plate recognition
technology has been widely applied to the electronic eye system of the tra±c control
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department, which is crucial for the seizure of illegal and criminal vehicles. Meng-
shang,14 on the basis of ensuring the recognition e±ciency and accuracy of license
plates, combined with network interconnection and data sharing, can completely
replaced the traditional IC cartoon line mode, shortening the vehicle up and down
station time.
Although experts and scholars at home and abroad have achieved fruitful results
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in smart transportation research, their research methods have drawbacks. First,

some research teams have adopted a relatively simple method. Although the de-
tection speed is faster, it does not have comprehensive characteristics. Second, the
image recognition and algorithm adopted have low accuracy. Image recognition
requires that the recognition process be fast, accurate, and easy to control, and that
image features can be analyzed accurately and quickly.
For the algorithms and research schemes of image recognition optimization
control, many research teams began large numbers of research and analysis. Bingxin1
and others applied image recognition technology to the cracks of tunnel segments.
Based on digital image processing technology, the image processing function of
software MATLAB was used to perform grayscale transformation and equalization
of crack images, image segmentation and crack recognition, edge extraction and
width calculation. In the width calculation, the curve crack is ¯tted by the Hough
transform to re¯ne the width of the crack image to obtain more accurate information.
Ruxiang17 applied a convolutional neural network in the ¯eld of image recognition.
Experiments on the MNIST standard database show that the algorithm can not only
accelerate the convergence speed of the network, but also e®ectively improve the
recognition accuracy. Jizhi22 and others applied image recognition in the mine ¯eld,
and the accuracy of the algorithm for mine ¯re identi¯cation reached 97.2%. The
classi¯cation e®ect was signi¯cantly better than other algorithms, and the accuracy
of mine ¯re identi¯cation could be improved. The monitoring and identi¯cation of
¯re images has important practical signi¯cance. Fugui5 designed a KDS-DCNN
model based on image recognition optimization. The veri¯cation results on the
CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and SVHN datasets show that the KDS-DCNN model has
superior performance and its recognition error rate is reduced to 29.46%, 6.02% and
2.17% respectively. Wenxuan20 applied the ¯ne-tuning algorithm to image recogni-
tion, and proposed a compound conjugate gradient method to improve the ¯ne-
tuning algorithm of deep Boltzmann machine. The experimental results show that
the proposed algorithm can achieve better recognition e®ect on the street sign text by
using the road sign text data obtained in the paper. Compared with the original
depth Boltzmann machine, the recognition rate is e®ectively improved. The
simulation results of Feiyan4 show that the improved design method can obtain

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better human–computer interaction experience and achieve the ideal e®ect of visual
image recognition in multi-channel display control system. Jiangshan,10 for the CT
image reconstruction problem, ¯rstly deduced the relationship between the attenu-
ation coe±cient and the pixel value, and then used various ¯lters for ¯ltering back
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projection reconstruction. Finally, the accuracy and stability of the calibration

template are analyzed by computer forward simulation and inverse solution. The
high stability rectangular–circular template and the high precision rectangular–el-
lipse–circle template are designed. Bowen2 used the Visual Studio platform to use the
improved image processing algorithm, optimized image processing °ow and detection
algorithm to test the V-shaped welding groove with di®erent characteristic para-
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meters, and the detection error was within
4%. The author veri¯es the rationality
and applicability of the proposed vision sensor and its detection algorithm and image
processing °ow. Liping,12 in order to e®ectively improve the quality of sound-re-
solved photoacoustic images, the author's fuzzy boundary and loss details for in-
terpolation, and an image enhancement method combining fuzzy set and fractional
di®erential wavelet enhancement is proposed. Mingjun25 and others to obtain the
maximum contrast, set the constraints of the gain factor, and ¯nd the optimal value.
At the same time, in order to solve the block e®ect brought by the block enhance-
ment, the gain factor is optimized by using the pilot ¯lter. The experimental results
show that the method can e®ectively enhance the degraded teaching video images,
and has better enhancement e®ect and e±ciency.
In order to solve some technical problems existing in smart transportation, this
paper adopts the fusion of data mining technology and distributed parallel Hadoop
technology, designs and analyzes for the mining algorithm suitable for the system,
and prove the feasibility of the key technology of intelligent transportation with the
experiment of actual tra±c big data. Using the deployed Hadoop server cluster, using
improved algorithms, the instance runs tra±c big data, carries out tra±c °ow
analysis and speed–overspeed analysis, and extracts information that is bene¯cial to
tra±c control. It proves the feasibility and e®ectiveness of using Hadoop platform to
mine massive tra±c information. The face recognition results show that when the
number of test samples is small, the recognition rate of the SURF algorithm is
relatively high; when the number of samples increases, the number of nonpositive
faces in the sample increases, causing the SURF algorithm to be tested during the
test. The feature points and the trained sample match feature points are reduced.
The recognition result of the vehicle logo shows that the recognition accuracy rate of
the complex vehicle logo has a certain degree of decline compared with the simple
vehicle logo, but the reduction rate of the SIFT feature extraction method is the
smallest, so the recognition e®ect of the SIFT is also the best. In the overspeed
analysis, if the support is very large, it indicates that the station has a serious
overspeed phenomenon in this direction. The higher the con¯dence level, the greater
the chance the location of the station will overspeed in this direction.

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2. Method
2.1. Image preprocessing
The purpose of image preprocessing is to suppress uninteresting features for a given
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application, enhance certain features of interest, and prepare for subsequent pro-
cessing. Commonly used image preprocessing techniques include: image ¯ltering,
image enhancement, image sharpening, and other techniques.
(1) Image ¯ltering
Image ¯ltering is one of the important means to eliminate noise. It is an indis-
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pensable operation in image processing to remove the noise of the image to be

detected as much as possible while retaining useful image detail features.
The ¯ltering process is to scan each pixel on the image to be tested with a
template, and the template includes pixels around the target pixel (for example, a
3  3 template includes eight pixels around the target pixel), and then the template
is taken. The average of all pixels replaces the original pixel value of the image pixel.
. X
gðx; yÞ ¼ 1 m fðx; yÞ: ð1Þ

In the above formula, fðx; yÞ is the m pixels of the template neighborhood, and
gðx; yÞ is the pixel value of the target pixel mean.
(2) Image sharpening
The image subjected to the sharpening operation requires a higher signal-to-noise
ratio, otherwise the image signal-to-noise ratio of the sharpened image will be lower,
which will reduce the image quality. So the image is usually processed ¯rst,
then sharpened. A commonly used di®erential sharpening method is Laplacian
sharpening.
@ 2f @ 2f
Laplacian operator: r 2 f ¼ @x 2 þ @y 2 . For the discrete mathematical graph fði; jÞ

image, the ¯rst-order partial derivative is

8
> @fði; jÞ
>
< @x ¼ x fði; jÞ  fði  1; jÞ;
ð2Þ
>
> @fði; jÞ
: ¼ y fði; jÞ  fði; j  1Þ:
@y
The image caused by the di®usion phenomenon is blurred and used for sharpening
gði; jÞ ¼ fði; jÞ  kr 2 fði; jÞ; ð3Þ
where k is a coe±cient, which is related to the di®usion e®ect, and the value of k
should be reasonable. If k is too large, overshoot will occur at the edge of the image
outline. Otherwise, if it is too small, the sharpening e®ect will be unsatisfactory.

2.2. Face recognition-based AdaBoost algorithm

The AdaBoost algorithm achieves the purpose of face detection by extracting the
rectangular features of the image to be detected. The rectangular feature is the Haar

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(a) 1  2 (b) 2  1 (c) 1  3 (d) 3  1 (e) 2  2

Fig. 1. Haar features.

feature. Each feature template consists of two rectangles, white and black. The
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feature value is equal to the sum of all pixels in the white rectangle of the template
minus the sum of all the pixels in the black rectangle. Five basic Haar features are
shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1(a), 1  2 indicates that the model is a pixel block of 1 row 
2 columns, and the others are similar. The rectangular template can be placed in any
pixel area of the input image, and the size of the template can be changed. Therefore,
the three factors change, so that the detection window has many rectangular fea-
tures. In order to be able to quickly calculate the eigenvalues, the concept of integral
graphs needs to be added. The integral graph concept comes from the integral
operation, and the expression is
Z yZ x
fðx; yÞ ¼ gðx 0 ; y 0 Þdxdy: ð4Þ
0 0

In the above formula, fðx; yÞ represents the integral graph, and gðx 0 ; y 0 Þ represents
the original image. The calculation method is to calculate all the pixel values at the
upper left corner of ðx; yÞ and the integral map values at the corresponding (x, y) of
the integral map. In the above formula, fðx; yÞ represents the integral map, and
gðx 0 ; y 0 Þ represents the original image.
The formula for image template matching is expressed as: the sizes of two images
I1(x, yÞ and I21(x, yÞ are, respectively, m1  n1 and m2  n2 , and the mapping
between the two images is as shown in the formula
I2 ðx; yÞ ¼ gðI1 ðsðx; yÞÞÞ; ð5Þ
where s represents geometric coordinate transformation, and g represents image
luminance transformation.

2.3. Principle of SIFT algorithm

The SIFT feature has scale invariance and is a local feature description operator that
can detect the corresponding key points in two images and obtain the similar feature
points in the two images. The extraction process of SIFT features is as follows:
(1) Convert the image to a Gaussian di®erence scale space
The Gaussian scale image corresponding to the input image Iðx; yÞ is Lðx; y; dÞ:
Lðx; y; dÞ ¼ Gðx; y; dÞ  Iðx; yÞ; ð6Þ

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where Gðx; y; dÞ represents a Gaussian kernel function and d represents a scale space
factor. The Gaussian di®erence-scale image is then constructed using Gaussian scale
images, as shown in Eqs. (4)–(11)
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Dðx; y; dÞ ¼ ðGðx; y; dÞ  Gðx; y; kdÞÞ  Iðx; yÞ ¼ Lðx; y; dÞ  Lðx; y; kdÞ ð7Þ

k is the smoothing factor of adjacent layers.
(2) Detecting the extreme points in the scale space and calculating the scale
invariance
The extreme points are searched for each pixel in the neighborhood of the image
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space and the DOG (Gaussian di®erence scale space) scale space, and the position of
the feature points is initially obtained. The pixels of the neighborhood are composed
of: eight pixels adjacent to a certain pixel, and 9  2 points corresponding to the
upper and lower adjacent scales. Search for extreme points in the neighborhood to
ensure that extreme points are detected in both the scale space and the 2D image
space. These extreme points are used as the initial feature points, and then the
second-order Taylor expansion of the DOG function is used to accurately locate the
feature points.

2.4. Key technologies and data mining for tra±c intelligence

(1) License plate recognition image algorithm
Table 1 de¯nes the digital license plate image with the gray level [0, L  1]
range.
Then the histogram discrete function is
hðrk Þ ¼ nk : ð8Þ
The normalized histogram is

hðrk Þ nk
pðrk Þ ¼ ¼ ðk ¼ 0; 1; 2; . . . ; L  1Þ: ð9Þ
n n

The equalization transform is

X
k X
k
nj
sðrk Þ ¼ T ðrk Þ ¼ pr ðrj Þ ¼ ðk ¼ 0; 1; 2; . . . ; L  1Þ: ð10Þ
j¼0 j¼0
n

Through the formula (4.3), the equalized histogram range [0, 1] is all stacked, and the
brightness of the image is obviously enhanced.

Table 1. Digital image letter de¯nition.

L Total Gray Level
rk kth gray scale
nk The number of pixels with gray level rk
n Total number of pixels

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Fig. 2. Data mining °ow chart.

(2) Data mining

The implementation of data mining generally requires ¯ve steps of de¯ning pro-
blems, data preparation, reading data and building models, mining operations, result
expression and interpretation, as shown in Fig. 2. The data preparation includes
three sub-steps of data cleaning and integration, data selection, and data pre-pro-
cessing, and strives to convert the original data into data suitable for the next speci¯c
mining algorithm.
Data mining is derived from production applications, so data mining has its own
unique expression in application. For data mining at a lower cost and easier opera-
tion, the Data Mining Standardization Alliance created the Cross Industry Standard
Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM).
The data warehouse (DW) stores information collected from multiple data
sources in a single integrated relational database in a consistent mode to facilitate
better decision-making. A DW is an integrated, topic-oriented, time-varying, per-
sistent, and nonlost collection of databases designed for decision support. Each data
unit in the data is related to a certain time in time. Data mining is based on the DW.
At the same time as the DW is generated, Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
technology has emerged. It is an analysis technology that combines data, aggregates
and aggregates data, and views information from di®erent angles. The rules obtained
from the DW can be veri¯ed by OLAP technology. As DWs grow larger, OLAP
technology cannot discover valuable information that is hidden in the data. It can be
said that data mining is the high-end of OLAP technology.
(3) Hadoop overall architecture with intelligent transportation services
The system comprises a data acquisition layer, a network transmission layer, a
data processing analysis layer and an application layer, wherein the data acquisition
layer uses road test equipment, vehicle equipment and tra±c control equipment to
collect tra±c information, and wireless sensor network and mobile communication
through the network transmission layer. The network and the Internet multi-net-
work cooperatively transmit to the Hadoop server cluster (Cluster) for data storage
and data mining, providing e®ective information for various applications of the

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Fig. 3. Hadoop ecosystem.

upper layer. The data processing and analysis layer solution in this architecture
proposes to combine data mining technology with Hadoop technology to analyze
tra±c data and status.
Hadoop is a framework for applications running on large server clusters that excel
at complex analysis of large datasets. As an open source distributed technology,
Hadoop has many advantages: (1) low construction cost: software Linux, hardware
only requires cheap computers; (2) reliability: fault tolerance mechanism and copy
mechanism; (3) scalability: easy Increase or decrease computer storage resources, the
scale of calculation is unlimited; (4) using native Java technology to achieve. Hadoop
includes two key technologies: reliable data storage with HDFS and high-perfor-
mance parallel data processing with MapReduce technology. Simply put, Hadoop is
an open source implementation of the MapReduce programming model. In addition,
the entire Hadoop ecosystem also includes a unique DW HBase, the entire system
coordinator Zookeeper, serialization module Avro and other projects, as shown in
Fig. 3.

3. Experiment
3.1. System face detection algorithm implementation
The implementation of face detection refers to the face detection program with face
Haar feature in OpenCV, directly using the face in OpenCV Haar feature classi¯er
haarcascades frontalface alt.xml, added directly in the program local. Then the
human eye classi¯er is added on this basis, and the face detection °ow chart is shown
in Fig. 4. After the image is input, each image to be tested is ¯rst preprocessed. The
original image comes from the camera or the capture machine. If the original image is
from the camera, the program will detect the skin color of each frame of the video and

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Fig. 4. Face detection °ow chart.

¯lter out the image containing the skin color of the face. If the original image comes
from the capture machine, the program performs a skin color detection on each
captured image to ¯lter the image containing the face color. Then, the face classi¯er
is loaded, and the Haar feature face is detected by the AdaBoot algorithm. The
¯ltered image is passed along with the cascade classi¯er to the OpenCV function
cvHaarDetectObject(), which returns the detected face variable. If the variable is 0,
it returns to continue loading the image left by the next ¯lter; if it is not 0, it
continues to the next position detection of both eyes.
Among them, the cvHaarDetectObjects function used in the program speci¯es the
corresponding face classi¯er, and returns the detected face through a rectangle. The
prototype of the cvHaarDetectObjects function is as follows:

CVAPI(CvSeq*)cvHaarDetectObjects(
Const CvArr* inage,

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CvHarrClassi¯erCascade* cascade,
CvMemStorage* storage,
Double scale factor CV DEFAULT(1.1),
Int min neighbors CV DEFAULT(3),
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Int °ags CV DEFAULT(0),

CvSize min size CV DEFAULT(cvSize(0,0)),
CvSize max size CV DEFAULT(cvSize(0,0)));

3.2. License plate recognition system establishment

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(1) License plate color recognition

Taking the white background on the blue background as an example, the color
feature of the license plate area is mainly the blue area, which is mixed with a small
amount of white area. This section searches for the license plate area through the
colored pair. For blue-and-white white license plates, there are color point pairs A
and B de¯ned as follows:

. Point A, with a blue area on the left and a white area on the right.
. Point B, with a white area on the left and a blue area on the right.
. There is a certain threshold for the distance between A and B.

According to the above de¯nition, the license plate will contain the number of
colored points above.
In order to reduce the amount of calculation, the colored pairs in the license plate
are concentrated in the area where the color changes sharply. Therefore, before the
color recognition, the edge extraction is generally performed in the preprocessing to
improve the operation precision and e±ciency. Figure 5 is an e®ect diagram.
(2) License plate shape recognition
On the basis of ¯nding colored pairs of license plate areas, morphological pro-
cessing is required to ¯nd dense areas of colored pairs and highlight the license plate
position. The morphological closing operation and the 10 etching operations are
performed on the image after the search for the colored dots, and the morphologically
processed region is obtained, and then the shape is judged according to the license

Fig. 5. License plate recognition e®ect chart.

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Fig. 6. License plate shape recognition e®ect.

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plate shape proportional coe±cient to determine whether it is the license plate re-
gion. As shown in Fig. 6, the car card has a morphological process after searching for
a colored point, and conforms to the license plate shape feature image, so it can be
initially identi¯ed as a license plate area.
In the Qt Creator development environment, the face license plate recognition
system was developed using OpenCV. Import the local image to be tested, then use
the steps in this chapter to identify the license plate, and ¯nally output the recog-
nition result in text form on the interface. The system mainly imports local images,
recognizes them, imports local images for recognition, and automatically imports 100
local license plates. The recognition e®ect is ideal, reaching 90%. The image recog-
nition result with increased angular deviation in the original license plate will be
wrong.

4. Results
4.1. Analysis of face recognition results
Through the test, the program reads the ORL face database image in sequence, and a
total of 400 pictures are used for face detection, with six faces not being detected. The
detection rate can reach 98.5%. As shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 7(a) is the original input

Fig. 7. Test e®ect chart.

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Table 2. Algorithm test recognition rate.

Algorithm-Number of Samples 80 160 240

SURF 85% 91.5% 94%

by UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND on 10/14/20. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

SITF 85% 91% 93%

PCA 78% 92% 95%

image, and Fig. 7(b) is a diagram showing the e®ect of the human face and the
human eye. Since the original image itself has a pixel size of 92  112, the resolution
is so low that the eye area is not clear and cannot be detected. Therefore, a high-
Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell. 2020.34. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

de¯nition camera is used in the HD bayonet system. When the program calls the
camera and obtains the face image in the video surveillance area through the camera,
the program runs for one hour, and detects each frame of the video to output a face
image. The face detection rate is relatively low, mainly because of the limitations of
the hardware such as the camera, and the image resolution obtained is too low, so the
detection rate is relatively low.
The comparison algorithm is based on the algorithms contained in the OpenCV
library and is tested using the ORL face database. The ORL face database consists of
40 people, taking the ¯rst 2, 4 and 6 images of each person as the training set, that is,
the training set is 80, 160 and 240 face images, respectively. Compare the recognition
rate and time e±ciency of the PCA and SURF algorithms. Table 3 shows the rec-
ognition rate of the algorithm test.
It can be seen from the above results that when the number of test samples is
small, the recognition rate of the SURF algorithm is relatively high; when the
number of samples increases, the number of nonpositive faces in the sample increases,
causing the SURF algorithm to be tested during the test. The feature points of
the sample and the sample matching feature points of the training are reduced, so the
recognition rate is reduced, so it is necessary to extract the positive face in the
detection phase.

4.2. Analysis of license plate recognition results

In this paper, the gray image is binarized based on the fractal dimension, and the
binarization result of the license plate image is shown in Fig. 8. Figures 8(a)–8(c) are
images in di®erent illumination environments, and Figs. 8(d)–8(f) are corresponding
binarized images. It can be seen from the display results in Fig. 8 that the gray image
binarization algorithm adopted in this paper works well.

4.3. Vehicle identi¯cation and analysis

The SIFT is compared with DOG, SURF, GOBOR, LBP and other algorithms to
identify the vehicle logo, and the results are statistically analyzed using a line graph.
Figure 9 is a statistical diagram of feature extraction and identi¯cation of a simple
vehicle logo.

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Fig. 8. License plate image.

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Through the experimental results, it can be found that in the feature extraction of
several simple car logo images, the correct recognition rate of the vehicle logos can
reach more than 85% in various feature extraction methods, in Mazda, Honda,
Lexus, Citroen, Chevrolet, Mercedes-Benz. The advantages of SIFT are not obvious
when these features are relatively simple to extract the vehicle logo, but the overall
performance is better than several other feature vector extraction methods, in order
to make overall performance evaluation, but also for relatively complex vehicles. The
performance of the standard structure was compared. The experimental results are
shown in Fig. 10.
From the above experimental results, it can be clearly seen that when identifying
the vehicle logo of complex structure, the e±ciency is obviously better than several
other feature extraction methods. In the course of the experiment, Rolls-Royce,
Maserati, K€ onigsig, Saab, Aston Martin, and Jaguar were selected to compare the
experimental results. It can be seen that although at the ¯nal recognition rate, the
types of feature extraction methods have reached more than 80%, the recognition
rate of complex vehicle logos has a certain degree of decline compared with simple

Fig. 9. Simple logo identi¯cation.

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Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell. 2020.34. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

Fig. 10. Complex vehicle logo feature extraction.

vehicle standards, but the decline rate of SIFT feature extraction methods is the
smallest, so the recognition e®ect of SIFT is also the best.

4.4. Overspeed status analysis

In the tra±c °ow analysis, the support degree indicates the proportion of the number
of vehicles in a certain direction at a certain time of a certain station to the total
number of sample vehicles; the con¯dence level indicates that the vehicle in this
direction accounts for all the vehicles passing through the station at that time.
Therefore, in the tra±c analysis, the greater the support, the tra±c volume of the
station in this direction is very large, and the con¯dence is not practical for the tra±c
analysis. Table 3 shows the results of the overspeed output.

Table 3. Overspeed analysis output.

Site Number Direction Speed Support Speed Con¯dence

321023000000001 02 2.95 3.7

321000000000013 01 2.89 5.2
321000000000013 03 2.73 4.9
321000000000010 01 2.55 13
321000000000011 02 2.49 19
321000000000004 02 2.11 2.6
321000000000005 02 2.06 8.9
321000000000005 03 1.99 7.4
321000000000006 00 1.87 8.5
321000000000006 01 1.63 7.0
321000000000007 02 1.42 9.2
321000000000012 02 1.12 9.7
321000000000008 00 1.07 3.7

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In overspeed analysis, the degree of support characterizes the proportion of

overspeed vehicles in a certain direction at a particular time of a station to the total
number of vehicles. Con¯dence is the probability that a vehicle in that direction may
be overspeeding at that time. In the overspeed analysis, if the support is very large, it
by UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND on 10/14/20. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

indicates that the station has a serious overspeed phenomenon in this direction. The
higher the con¯dence level, the location of the station is very easy to overspeed in this
direction.

5. Discussions
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This paper mainly introduces the key technologies of intelligent transportation based
on image recognition optimization and control. Firstly, several commonly used
classic face detection algorithms are introduced, including: feature-based methods
and algorithms based on statistical methods. The principle and advantages of these
algorithms are introduced in detail. By comparing their own face detection algorithm
ideas, the ¯rst choice is to use the skin color detection image to remove the image
without skin color information. Then the AdaBoost algorithm is used to detect the
remaining images to obtain the face information image; ¯nally, binocular positioning
detection is performed to obtain an accurate positive face image. And under the ORL
face database simulation to achieve their own algorithm, and the results. Based on
the research in this paper, the rapid detection of face positive face can be realized,
which is bene¯cial to the recognition rate of subsequent recognition work.
The image preprocessing system automatically preprocesses and the preproces-
sing function is called during the recognition process. When there are multiple faces
in the original image, detecting the extracted faces, you can view all the extracted
faces. In the HD bayonet system, the development requirement is to use a high-
de¯nition camera combined with a smart ¯ll light device to enable captured high-
de¯nition images to capture clear faces of drivers or other tra±c participants. In the
process of recognition, combined with the face detection algorithm of the paper, the
image containing the face is preprocessed, the face location detection, the face region
map is obtained to obtain the face region image, and the ¯nal feature is extracted and
read into the XML ¯le for comparison to identify the face and output the result. Due
to the code writing ability and the limitations of the computer, the program reads the
local pictures in sequence, and then the recognition takes a long time, and the
subsequent program data processing and code optimization need to continue to
deepen.
The license plate number is displayed in the control to realize the recognition of
the license plate. And need to establish a license plate character library before
identi¯cation, directly called in the program. During the company's internship, the
license plate recognition subsystem was embedded in the HD bayonet system. Since
the HD bayonet system was developed using Web, the interface was not the same as
the small system written in the lab. In the bayonet system, the license plate recog-
nition results are displayed directly on the picture in text form.

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6. Conclusions
This paper is to study the application of face recognition and license plate recognition
in the bayonet system. In intelligent tra±c, face recognition or license plate recog-
by UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND on 10/14/20. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

nition for fugitives, criminals and vehicles through the bayonet system helps to
realize informationization and intelligence for tra±c. Safety management is required
to improve the harmony of society. The high-bay bayonet system uses a ¯ve
megapixel (1 inch CCD) capture unit to record multiple high-de¯nition images of
pedestrians, vehicles, etc. passing through the detection area. The recorded images
clearly re°ect the characteristics of pedestrians and vehicles, and the front-row dri-
Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell. 2020.34. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

vers of the vehicle, facial features and clothing, driving lanes, surroundings, etc. The
server acquires the image captured by the front-end capture machine, performs
processing analysis, and analyzes face recognition, license plate recognition, color
recognition, and the like, mainly including images. The analysis results are trans-
mitted to the central management platform through the network, and the results are
displayed by the central management platform. The HD bayonet system realizes
many functions such as real-time vehicle detection, license plate recognition, face
recognition, etc. The client developed in web form is convenient for users to log in to
the system and remotely monitor at any time.

(1) In this paper, a set of high-de¯nition bayonet system for intelligent transportation
is designed. The data mining technology and the distributed parallel Hadoop
technology are used to design the architecture of intelligent tra±c operation state
data analysis and analyze the mining algorithm suitable for the system. The
experiment of tra±c big data proves the feasibility of the intelligent tra±c op-
eration state data analysis system, aiming to provide decision-making opinions for
tra±c status. The face recognition results show that when the number of test
samples is small, the recognition rate of the SURF algorithm is relatively high;
when the number of samples increases, the number of nonpositive faces in the
sample increases, causing the SURF algorithm to be tested during the test. The
feature points and the trained sample match feature points are reduced.
(2) The recognition result of the vehicle logo shows that the recognition accuracy
rate of the complex vehicle logo has a certain degree of decline compared with
the simple vehicle logo, but the reduction rate of the SIFT feature extraction
method is the smallest, so the recognition e®ect of the SIFT is also the best.
In the overspeed analysis, if the support is very large, it indicates that the
station has a serious overspeed phenomenon in this direction. The higher
the con¯dence is, the station is very easy to overspeed in this direction. Using
the deployed Hadoop server cluster, using the improved AdaBoost algorithm
of the MapReduce programming model, the example runs tra±c big data,
carries out tra±c °ow analysis and speed overspeed analysis, and extracts in-
formation favorable for tra±c control. It proves the feasibility and e®ectiveness
of using Hadoop platform to mine massive tra±c information.

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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Liaoning Provincial Social Science Planning Fund
Project (L18BGL026) and Basic scienti¯c research project of institutions of higher
by UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND on 10/14/20. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

learning in Liaoning Province (LJZ2017042).

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Mingxia Huang was Xuebo Yan was born in

born in Suifenhe, Hei- Shiyan, Hubei, P. R.
longjiang P. R. China, in China, in 1980. He received
1982. Associate professor, the Dr. from Wonkwang
key teacher in the Teach- University, Korea. Now,
ing O±ce of Road and He works in Shenzhen
Track Engineering, Col- Juxin Image Co., Ltd., He
lege of Tra±c Engineer- research interests include
ing, Shenyang Jianzhu cloud security, Image Rec-
University. Since 2016, ognition Algorithms and
she has continued to en- information security.
gage in scienti¯c research and teaching in the
¯eld of roads and has formed a relatively stable
research direction is as follows:

(1) Transportation and Planning

(2) Intelligent Transportation System
(3) Tra±c signal control.

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 Key Technologies of Intelligent Transportation

Zhu Bai was born in Zeen Xu was born in

Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Mishan, Heilongjiang,
P. R. China, in 1979. As- P. R. China, in 1994. He
sociate professor, key received the Bachelor de-
teacher in the Teaching gree from Heilongjiang
by UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND on 10/14/20. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.

O±ce of Road and Track University, P. R. China.

Engineering, College of Now, he is studying for a
Tra±c Engineering, She- master's degree in trans-
nyang Jianzhu Universi- portation engineering at
ty. Since 2015, she has Shenyang Jianzhu uni-
continued to engage in versity, His research
scienti¯c research and teaching in the ¯eld of interests include tra±c planning and manage-
roads and has formed a relatively stable research ment, tra±c signal and driving behavior.
Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell. 2020.34. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com

direction is as follows:

(1) Transportation and Planning

(2) Tra±c accident prevention
(3) Tra±c signal control.

Haiqiang Zhang was

born in Ulanqab, Inner
Mongolia, P. R. China, in
1994. He received the
Bachelor degree from
Inner Mongolia Universi-
ty of Finance and Eco-
nomics, P. R. China.
Now, he is studying for a
master's degree in trans-
portation engineering at
Shenyang Jianzhu university, His research
interests include tra±c planning and manage-
ment, tra±c signal and driving behavior.

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