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 ECQB-PPL(A)

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 ECQB-PPL(A)

1 With regard to the forces acting, how can stationary gliding be described?
þA) The sum of air forces compensates the gravity force
¨B) The sum the air forces acts along with the lift force
¨C) The lift force compensates the drag force
¨D) The sum of air forces acts along the direction of air flow

2 Following a single-wing stall and pitch-down moment, how can a spin be prevented?
þA) Rudder opposite lower wing, releasing elevator to build up speed
¨B) Pushing the elevator to build up speed to re-attach airflow on wings
¨C) Deflect all rudders opposite to lower wing
¨D) Pulling the elevator to bring the plane back to normal attitude

3 Considering longitudinal stability, which C.G. position is most dangerous with a

normal gliding plane?
¨A) Position beyond the front C.G. limit
¨B) Position far back within permissable C.G. limits
þC) Position beyond the rear C.G. limit
¨D) Position too far aside permissable C.G. limits.

4 Bernoulli's equation for frictionless, incompressible gases states that...

þA) total pressure = dynamic pressure + static pressure.
¨B) dynamic pressure = total pressure + static pressure.
¨C) static pressure = total pressure + dynamic pressure.
¨D) total pressure = dynamic pressure - static pressure.

5 The center of pressure is the theoretical point of origin of...

¨A) gravity and aerodynamic forces.
¨B) gravity forces of the profile.
¨C) only the resulting total drag.
þD) all aerodynamic forces of the profile.

6 Number 2 in the drawing corresponds to the...

See figure (PFA-010)

Please pay attention to annex 1

¨A) profile thickness.
¨B) chord line.
¨C) angle of attack.
þD) chord.

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 ECQB-PPL(A)

7 The angle of attack is the angle between...

¨A) the chord line and the longitudinal axis of an aeroplane.
þB) the chord line and the oncoming airflow.
¨C) the wing and the fuselage of an aeroplane.
¨D) the undisturbed airflow and the longitudinal axis of an aeroplane.

8 The ratio of span and mean chord length is referred to as...

¨A) tapering.
¨B) trapezium shape.
þC) aspect ratio.
¨D) wing sweep.

9 Which point on the aerofoil is represented by number 4?

See figure (PFA-009)

Please pay attention to annex 2

þA) Separation point
¨B) Transition point
¨C) Center of pressure
¨D) Stagnation point

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 ECQB-PPL(A)

10 What pressure pattern can be observed at a lift-generating wing profile at positive

angle of attack?
¨A) High pressure is created above, lower pressure below the profile
þB) Low pressure is created above, higher pressure below the profile
¨C) Pressure below remains unchanged, lower pressure is created above the profile
¨D) Pressure above remains unchanged, higher pressure is created below the profile

11 Which statement about the airflow around an aerofoil is correct if the angle of attack
increases?
þA) The stagnation point moves down
¨B) The center of pressure moves down
¨C) The center of pressure moves up
¨D) The stagnation point moves up

12 Which option states a benefit of wing washout?

¨A) Greater hardness because the wing can withstand more torsion forces
þB) At high angles of attack the effectiveness of the aileron is retained as long as possible
¨C) With the washout the form drag reduces at high speeds
¨D) Structurally the wing is made more rigid against rotation

13 When increasing the airflow speed by a factor of 2 while keeping all other parameters
constant, how does the parasite drag change approximately?
¨A) It decreases by a factor of 4

¨B) It increases by a factor of 2

þC) It increases by a factor of 4

¨D) It decreases by a factor of 2

14 Pressure compensation on a wing occurs at the...

þA) wing tips.
¨B) wing roots.
¨C) leading edge.
¨D) fuselage connections.

15 Which of the following options is likely to produce large induced drag?

þA) Small aspect ratio
¨B) Large aspect ratio
¨C) Low lift coefficients
¨D) Tapered wings

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 ECQB-PPL(A)

16 How do induced drag and parasite drag change with increasing airspeed during a
horizontal and stable cruise flight?
¨A) Induced drag increases and parasite drag increases
þB) Induced drag decreases and parasite drag increases
¨C) Parasite drag decreases and induced drag increases
¨D) Parasite drag decreases and induced drag decreases

17 Which effect does a decreasing airspeed have on the induced drag during a horizontal
and stable cruise flight?
¨A) The induced drag will slightly decrease
¨B) The induced drag will remain constant
þC) The induced drag will increase
¨D) The induced drag will collapse

18 Which kinds of drag contribute to total drag?

¨A) Interference drag and parasite drag
¨B) Induced drag, form drag, skin-friction drag
þC) Induced drag and parasite drag
¨D) Form drag, skin-friction drag, interference drag

19 How do lift and drag change when approaching a stall condition?

¨A) Lift and drag increase
þB) Lift decreases and drag increases
¨C) Lift increases and drag decreases
¨D) Lift and drag decrease

20 What leads to a decreased stall speed Vs (IAS)?

¨A) Lower density
¨B) Higher load factor
þC) Decreasing weight
¨D) Lower altitude

21 What types of boundary layers can be found on an aerofoil?

þA) Laminar layer at the leading wing areas, turbulent boundary layer at the trailing areas
¨B) Laminar boundary layer along the complete upper surface with non-separated airflow
¨C) Turbulent layer at the leading wing areas, laminar boundary layer at the trailing areas
¨D) Turbulent boundary layer along the complete upper surface with separated airflow

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 ECQB-PPL(A)

22 What structural item provides lateral stability to an airplane?

¨A) Differential aileron deflection
¨B) Elevator
¨C) Vertical tail
þD) Wing dihedral

23 Which constructive feature is shown in the figure?

See figure (PFA-006)

L: Lift

Please pay attention to annex 3

þA) Lateral stability by wing dihedral
¨B) Differential aileron deflection
¨C) Longitudinal stability by wing dihedral
¨D) Directional stability by lift generation

24 "Longitudinal stability" is referred to as stability around which axis?

¨A) Vertical axis

þB) Lateral axis
¨C) Longitudinal axis
¨D) Propeller axis

25 Stability around which axis is mainly influenced by the center of gravity's longitudinal
position?
¨A) Gravity axis
¨B) Vertical axis
¨C) Longitudinal axis
þD) Lateral axis

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 ECQB-PPL(A)

26 Rotation around the vertical axis is called...

þA) yawing.
¨B) rolling.
¨C) slipping.
¨D) pitching.

27 The critical angle of attack...

¨A) decreases with a rear centre of gravity.
¨B) increases with a front centre of gravity.
þC) is not changed by different aircraft weights.
¨D) is changed by different aircraft weights.

28 What is the function of the horizontal tail (among other things)?

¨A) To stabilise the aeroplane around the longitudinal axis
¨B) To initiate a curve around the vertical axis
þC) To stabilise the aeroplane around the lateral axis

¨D) To stabilise the aeroplane around the vertical axis

29 Rudder deflections result in a turn of the aeroplane around the...

¨A) longitudinal axis.
¨B) rudder axis.
þC) vertical axis.
¨D) lateral axis.

30 What is the advantage of differential aileron movement?

þA) The drag of the downwards deflected aileron is lowered and the adverse yaw is smaller
¨B) The total lift remains constant during aileron deflection
¨C) The ratio of the drag coefficient to lift coefficient is increased
¨D) The adverse yaw is higher

31 The aerodynamic rudder balance...

¨A) improves the rudder effectiveness.
¨B) reduces the control surfaces.
þC) reduces the control stick forces.
¨D) delays the stall.

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 ECQB-PPL(A)

32 What describes "wing loading"?

¨A) Drag per weight
¨B) Drag per wing area
¨C) Wing area per weight
þD) Weight per wing area

33 Point number 1 in the figure indicates which flight state?

See figure (PFA-008)

Please pay attention to annex 4

¨A) Best gliding angle
þB) Inverted flight
¨C) Slow flight
¨D) Stall

34 What can be said about the load factor (n) and the stall speed (Vs) in a co-ordinated
turn?
¨A) n is larger than 1, Vs is lower than in straight and level flight.

¨B) n is lower than 1, Vs is higher than in straight and level flight.

þC) n is larger than 1, Vs is higher than in straight and level flight.

¨D) n is lower than 1, Vs is lower than in straight and level flight.

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 ECQB-PPL(A)

35 During approch to the next updraft, the vertical speed indicator reads 3 m/s descent.
Within the updraft you expect a mean rate of climb of 2 m/s.

According McCready, how should you adjust the speed during approach of the
updraft?
¨A) The McCready ring should be set to 3 m/s,
the recommended speed can be read at the McCready scale next to the expected rate of climb
(2 m/s).

¨B) Outside of thermal cells, the McCready ring should be set to 0 m/s,
the recommended speed can be read at the McCready scale next to the current rate of descent
(3 m/s).
¨C) The McCready ring should be set to 2 m/s,
the recommended speed can be read at the McCready scale next to the sum of current rate of
descent at expected rate of climb (5 m/s).

þD) The McCready ring should be set to 2 m/s,

the recommended speed can be read at the McCready scale next to the current rate of descent
(3 m/s).

36 What engine design at a Touring Motor Glider (TMG) results in least drag?
¨A) Engine and propeller mounted fix on the fuselage.

¨B) Engine and propeller mounted fix at the aircraft's nose

þC) Engine and propeller mounted stowable on the fuselage
¨D) Engine and propeller mounted fix at the horizontal stabilizer

37 The glide ratio of a sailplane can be improved by which measures?

þA) Cleaning, correct speed, retractable gear, taped gaps between wing and fuselage
¨B) higher airplane mass, thin airfoil, taped gaps between wing and fuselage

¨C) lower airplane mass, correct speed, retractable gear

¨D) forward C.G. position, correct speed, taped gaps between wing and fuselage

38 What effect is referred to as "adverse yaw"?

¨A) Aileron operation results in a yaw to the desired side due to less drag at the down-deflected
aileron
¨B) Aileron operation results in a yaw to the opposite side due to more drag at the up-deflected
aileron
¨C) Rudder operation results in a rolling moment to the opposite side due to more lift generated by
the faster moving wing.
þD) Aileron operation results in a yaw to the opposite side due to more drag at the down-deflected
aileron

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 ECQB-PPL(A)

39 What is meant by "ground effect"?

¨A) Increase of lift and increase of induced drag close to the ground

þB) Increase of lift and decrease of induced drag close to the ground
¨C) Decrease of lift and decrease of induced drag close to the ground

¨D) Decrease of lift and increase of induced drag close to the ground

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Annexes

Annex 1

1
Annexes

Annex 2

2
Annexes

Annex 3

3
Annexes

Annex 4