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10
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 1
Illustrating Polynomial Functions

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Wk1 Nov.2 –6, 2020|

Mathematics- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 1: Illustrating Polynomial Functions
First Edition, 2020

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10
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 1
ILLUSTRATING POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
[email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Wk1 Nov.2 –6, 2020|

Department of Education-Division of Bukidnon ● Republic of the
Philippines

Wk1 Nov.2 –6, 2020|

 Lesson
DEFINITION OF
1 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

A polynomial function is a function of the form

n n−1 n−2
P ( x )=a n x +an−1 x + an−2 x +…++ a1 x +a 0, an≠ 0 ,

where n is a nonnegative integer, a 0 , a 1 , … , an are real numbers called coefficients

(numbers that appear in each term), a n x n is the leading term, a n is the leading
coefficient, and a 0 is the constant term (number without a variable). The highest
power of the variable of P ( x ) is known as its degree.

There are various types of polynomial functions based on the degree of the
polynomial. The most common types are:

 Zero Polynomial Function (degree 0): P ( x )=a x 0=a

 Linear Polynomial Function (degree 1): P ( x )=a x 1+ b=ax+ b
 Quadratic Polynomial Function (degree 2): P ( x )=a x 2+ bx+ c
 Cubic Polynomial Function (degree 3): P ( x )=a x 3 +b x 2+ cx+ d
 Quartic Polynomial Function (degree 4): P ( x )=a x 4 +b x 3 +c x2 + dx+ e
where a , b , c , d∧e are constants.

Other than P ( x ), a polynomial function can be written in different ways,

like the following:
n n−1 n−2
f ( x )=an x + an−1 x +a n−2 x + …+a 1 x +a0 ,
n n−1 n−2
y=an x + an−1 x +a n−2 x + …+a 1 x+ a0 ,
Example:
Degree of Type of Leading Leading Constant
the Function Term Coefficient Term
Polynomial
1. y=8 x 4 −4 x3 +2 x +22 4 Quartic 8x
4
8 22
2. y=3 x 2 +6 x 3+ 2 x 3 Cubic Wk1
6x Nov.2
6 3
–6, 2020
0 |
ACTIVITY 1:
A. Directions: Complete the table below. If the given is a polynomial function, give
the degree, leading coefficient and its constant term. If it is not, then just give
the reason.
Polynomial
Leading Constant
Function Reason Degree
Coefficient Term
or Not
1. f ( x )=0
2. f ( x )=x 2− √2 x+ x
3. f ( x )=−x
3
4. f ( x )=x 4 + 2 x +2

3
5. f ( x )=
√3 x
6. y= √5 x
7. y=3 x + x 2
8. y=− x−1
9. y=1+2 x + x 3
10. y=1−4 x 2
11. P ( x )=2020
12. P ( x )=−√ x+ x
3x
13. P ( x )=
√4
14. P ( x )=x+ 2
3
15. P ( x )= −1
x

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B. Directions: Identify whether the following is a polynomial function or not. If the
given is a polynomial function, give the degree of polynomial, the type of
polynomial function, the leading term and its constant term.

1. y=x 9. P ( x )=x 5−x 4−x +2

2. y=3 x + 4 x 2 1
10. P ( x )= +3
3. y=− x −10 4x

4. y=12+6 x + x 2 1
11. f ( x )= √x
2
5. y=10−5 x 2
5
1 12. f ( x )= x
6. P ( x )= 8
2
2 x+ 2
7. P ( x )=−√ x+3 x 2 13. f ( x )=
3
1 2 14. f ( x )=x 2
8. P ( x )= x −3
2
x−3
15. f ( x )=
x +2

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 2:
A. Directions: Fill in the blank with the choices provided in the box.

A __________(1)__________ is a function which involves only

________(2)____________ integer powers or only positive integer exponents. The
_________(3)_______ of any polynomial is the highest power present in it. In the
____(4)_____ polynomial function y=4+ 2 x + x 3, __(5)_____ is the leading term, 4 is
the ___(6)_____, 1 is the ___(7)______, and ___(8)____ is the degree.

polynomial function cubic nonnegative

constant term leading coefficient degree
3
3 1 x

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 B. Directions: Complete the table below. If the given is a polynomial function,
give the degree, leading coefficient and its constant term. If it is not, then just
give the reason.

Polynomial Reason Degree Leading Constant

Function Term, Term
or Not Coefficient
9. y=20
10. y= √ x +18
11. f ( x )=−1991 x
1
12. f ( x )=x 2 + x−1

5
13. f ( x )=
√5 x
14. y= √ 4 x
15. y=20−x + x 2

C. Directions: Give five polynomial functions of different degree of polynomial.

Identify the degree of polynomial, the type of polynomial, the leading
coefficient and its constant term.
Degree of Type of Leading Constant
Polynomial Functions
Polynomial Polynomial Coefficient Term
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

11
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 Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter that best answers each question.

1. Which of the following is the term with number without variable?

A. constant term
B. degree
C. leading term
D. polynomial

2. What function is y=x 4+ 1?

A. Linear Function
B. Quadratic Function
C. Quartic Function
D. Rational Function

3. What is the value of n in f ( x )=x n if f is a polynomial function?

A. √3 B. 3 C. −3
D.
1
3

4. Which of the following is NOT a polynomial function?

A. P(x )=ax +b
p (x)
B. P(x )=
q (x )
C. P ( x )=a x 2+ bx+ c
D. P ( x )=a x 4 +b x 3 +c x 4 +dx +e

5. Given that f ( x )=x −3n +2 x 2, what value should be assigned to n to make f a

polynomial function of degree 4?
−4 −3 4 3
A. B. C. D.
3 4 3 4

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12
 For numbers 6-9, use the given function f ( x )=5 x 3 + x 2+ 3 x +15 and choose your
answers below:
A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 15

6. Which of the choices is the leading coefficient of the function?

7. What is the constant term of the function?

8. What is the degree of the function?

9. Which is not a coefficient of the function?

10. What type of polynomial function is f ( x )=5 x 3 + x 2+ 15 ?

A. Cubic Polynomial Function
B. Quadratic Polynomial Function
C. Quartic Polynomial Function
D. Zero Polynomial Function

11. What type of polynomial function is f ( x )=(x +2)(2 x−8) ?

A. Cubic Polynomial Function
B. Quadratic Polynomial Function
C. Quartic Polynomial Function
D. Zero Polynomial Function

For numbers 12-15, use the polynomial function in number 11.

12. What is the leading term of the function?
A. x 2 B. 2 x 2 C. 4 x 2 D. 8 x 2

13. What is the constant term of the function?

A. – 24 B. – 16 C. – 8 D. – 4

14. What is the degree of the function?

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

15. Which is the leading coefficient of the function?

A. 2 B. 4 C. 6
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 Lesson Writing Polynomial Functions

2 In Standard Form

When giving a final answer, you must write the polynomial function in
standard form. Standard form means that you write the terms by decreasing
exponents.

Here’s what to do:

1. Write the term with the highest exponent first.
2. Write the terms with lower exponents in descending order.
3. Remember that a variable with no exponent has an understood exponent of 1.
4. A constant term always comes last.

Examples: Write the following polynomial functions in standard form.

1. y=1+2 x + x 5−4 x3 +2 x 4 +5 x 2
Term with Term/s with lower
Constant
highest exponents in Standard form
term
exponent descending order
x
5
2x ,
4
1 5 4 3 2
y=x +2 x −4 x +5 x +2 x+ 1
3
−4 x ,
2
5x ,
2x

2. f ( x )=5 x +9 x 2−3 x 8
Often, the polynomial function does not contain all of the exponents. You still
follow the same procedure listing the highest exponent first (8) then the next
(2) and finally the term with just a variable (understood exponent of 1).
Term with Term/s with lower
Constant
highest exponents in Standard form
term
exponent descending order
−3 x
8 2
9x , 0 8 2
f ( x )=−3 x +9 x +5 x
5x Wk1 Nov.2 –6, 2020|
3. y=x ( x 2−5)
With a factored form of a polynomial function, you must find the product first.
In finding the product of a monomial and a binomial, recall the Distributive
Property.
Multiply the monomial to the first
x ( x2 ) =x 1+2=x 3
term of the binomial
Multiply the monomial to the
second term of the binomial x (−5 )=−5 x
Arrange the exponents in
descending order.
3
Therefore, the standard form is y=x −5 x

4. f (x)=−x (x−4)( x+ 4)
Use the special product, Sum and Difference of two terms, in answering this
function.
Get the product of the sum and
( x−4 ) ( x+ 4 )=x 2−16
difference of two terms.
3
Multiply -x to the product. −x ( x ¿¿ 2−16)=x +16 x ¿
Thus, the polynomial function in 3
f ( x )=x +16 x .
standard form becomes

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ACTIVITY 1:
A. Directions: Complete the table below.

Term with Term/s with lower

Constant Standard
Polynomial Function highest exponents in
term form
exponent descending order
1. f ( x )=4+ 4 x 4 + 8 x

2. f ( x )=(x +2)( x−2)

3. y=1+2 x + x 3
4. y=−5+5 x 10 +5 x 5

5. f ( x )=x 2−9 x 5 +6

B. Directions: Match the following polynomial functions into its standard/factored

forms. Numbers 6-10 have two answers which is it’s standard and factored
form.

Column A Column B
4 5 2
____1. f ( x )=2−x +8 x A. f ( x )=−9 x + x +6
____2. f ( x )=(x +5)(x+1) B. 4
f ( x )=−x +8 x+ 2
____3. f ( x )=6−2 x C. 8 3
f ( x )=5 x −5 x −16
8 3
____4. f ( x )=−16+5 x −5 x D. f ( x )=−2 x +6
2
____5. f ( x )=x 2−9 x 5 +6 E. f ( x )=x +6 x +5
3 2
____6. y=x −2 x + x
2 3 F. y=x −2 x + x
2
____7. y=−100+ x
2 G. y=−4 x +1
____8. f ( x )=4+5 x + x
2 H. y=x (1−x)(1−x)
2
____9. 2 I. y=x +5 x+ 4
y=16 + x + 8 x
____10. y=1−4 x
2 J. y=(x−10)(x +10)
2
K. y=x +8 x +16
L. y=(1−2 x)(1+ 2 x )
2
M. y=x −100
N. y=¿
O. f ( x )=(x +4)( x+1)

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 Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter that best answers each question.

1. What is the product of (x +3)(x+ 3) ?

A. x 2+ 3 x +9
B. x 2−3 x+ 9
C. x 2+ 6 x+ 9
D. x 2−6 x +9

2. What is the product of (x−2)(x 2+ 2 x + 4)?

A.
B. x 3 +8 C. x 3−8 D. x 3−4 E. x 3 +4

3. What term has the highest exponent in f ( x )=x 4+ 5 x 7 +3 x ?

A. x 4 B. 5 x 7 C. 3 x D. 0

4. What is the constant term in number 3?

A. x 4 B. 5 x 7 C. 3 x D. 0

5. What is the standard form of the polynomial function in number 3?

A. f ( x )=5 x 7 + x 4 +3 x
B. f ( x )=5 x 7 +3 x+ x 4
C. f ( x )=x 4+ 5 x 7 +3 x
D. f ( x )=3 x +5 x 7+ x 4

6. What should be the order of terms of the polynomial function in standard

form?
A. term with highest exponent, term/s with lower exponent, constant term
B. term with highest exponent, constant term, term/s with lower exponent
C. constant term, term with highest exponent, term/s with lower exponent
D. constant term, term/s with lower exponent, term with highest exponent

7. What is the standard form of y=8 x 2 + 4 x+3 x 6 +3 ? Wk1 Nov.2 –6, 2020|
 A. y=3 x 6 +3+8 x 2 +4 x
B. y=3 x 6 +8 x 2+ 4 x +3
C. y=3 x 6 +8 x 2+ 3+4 x
D. y=3 x 6 +3+ 4 x +8 x 2

8. What is the standard form of y=6 x +12 x 2+ 2 x 3?

A. y=2 x 3 +6 x+ 12 x 2
B. y=12 x 2+ 6 x+ 2 x 3
C. y=2 x 3 +12 x 2 +6 x
D. y=12 x 2+ 2 x 3 +6 x

9. How should y=¿ −10+3 x + x 2 be written in standard form?

A. y=¿ x 2+ 3 x −10
B. y=x 2 −10+3 x
C. y=¿ −10+3 x + x 2
D. y=¿ 3 x−10+ x 2
E.
10. What is the standard form of y= (3 x +1 ) (2 x−7)?
A. y=6 x 2−19 x−7
B. y=6 x 2 +19 x−7
C. y=6 x 2−23 x−7
D. y=6 x 2 +19 x−7

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