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Period 3 Mindmap

The document discusses the properties and reactions of period 3 oxides. It describes how ionic oxides like Na2O and MgO react with water, and how covalent oxides like P4O10 and SiO2 do not dissolve or react with water. The bonding and acid-base behaviors of different period 3 oxides are also compared.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
36 views1 page

Period 3 Mindmap

The document discusses the properties and reactions of period 3 oxides. It describes how ionic oxides like Na2O and MgO react with water, and how covalent oxides like P4O10 and SiO2 do not dissolve or react with water. The bonding and acid-base behaviors of different period 3 oxides are also compared.

Uploaded by

ashthamotharan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1st

 ionisa,on  energy  increases  across   Atomic  Radius  decreases  


SiO2  is  giant  covalent,  the  strong  bonds   the  period  due  to:  
Reac,ons  with  Water  
stop  it  dissolving  or  reac;ng  with  water   across  the  period  due  to:   Sodium  –  reacts  with  cold  water:  
• Increased  nuclear  charge  
and  weak  solu;ons  of  alkali.  It  will  react   • Decreasing  atomic  radius   • Increased  nuclear  charge   Na(s)  +  H2O(l)  !  NaOH(aq)  +  H2(g)  
with  very  concentrated  NaOH:   • Same  shielding   • Same  shielding   Observa;on:  Fizzing  
2NaOH(l)  +  SiO2(s)!Na2SiO3(aq)  +  H2O(l)   Dip  from  Mg  !  Al  as  3p  electrons  are   Magnesium  –  very  slow  with  cold  water,    
higher  in  energy   but  reacts  with  steam:  
It  is  s;ll  classed  as  an  acidic  oxide    
 
Dip  from  P  !  S  as  outer  electron  in  S  is  
paired  up  in  a  p  orbital-­‐  these  repel   Period  3   Mg(s)  +  H2O(g)!  MgO(s)  +  H2(g)  
 
Period  3  Oxides  as  Acids  and  Bases   Reac,ons  with  Oxygen  
Basic  oxides  react  with  acids  to  make  salts:   Simple  molecular  acidic  oxides  react  with  bases  to  form  salts:   4Na(s)  +  O2(g)!2Na2O(s)   Yellow  flame  
Acid  +  base  !  salt  +  water   P4O10(s)  +  12NaOH  (aq)!  4Na3PO4(aq)  +  6H2O(l)     2Mg(s)  +  O2(g)!  2MgO(s)  
P4O10(s)  +  6Na2O  !  4Na3PO4   4Al(s)  +  3O2(g)!2Al2O3(s)  
2HCl(aq)  +  Na2O(s)  !  2NaCl(aq)  +  H2O(l)     White  flame  
Ionic:  P4O10(s)  +  12OH-­‐(aq)  !4PO43-­‐(aq)  +6H2O(l)   Si(s)  +  O2(g)!SiO2(s)  
H2SO4(aq)  +  Na2O(s)!  Na2SO4(aq)  +  H2O(l)     4P(s)  +  5O2(g)!P4O10(s)  
SO2(g)  +  2NaOH(aq)  !Na2SO3(aq)  +  H2O(l)  
Ionic:  Na2O(s)+  2H+(aq)  !  2Na+(aq)  +  H2O(l)   S(s)  +  O2(g)!  SO2    (g)   Blue  flame  
Ionic:  SO2(g)  +  2OH-­‐(aq)  !  SO32-­‐(aq)  +  H2O(l)    
2HCl(aq)  +  MgO(s)  !MgCl2(aq)  +  H2O(l)   SO3(g)  +  2NaOH(aq)  !  Na2SO4(aq)  +  H2O(l)   Acidic  choking  gas  
Ionic:  MgO(s)+2H+(aq)!  Mg2+(aq)  +  H2O(l)   Ionic:  SO3(g)  +  2OH-­‐(aq)  !  SO42-­‐(aq)  +  H2O(l)   Oxides  in  red  !  White  solids  
Amphoteric  oxides  –  Al2O3   The  slightly  intermediate  nature  of  the  bonding  in   Ac;ng  as  a  base:   • Na/P  react  with  air  -­‐  Na  is  stored  under  oil  
Aluminium  oxide  is  reflected  in  its  amphoteric  
Ac;ng  as  a  acid:   behaviour:  it  can  act  as  both  a  base  and  an  acid   Al2O3(s)+  3H2SO4(aq)  !Al2(SO4)3(aq)  +  3H2O(l)   and  P  under  H2O  
Al2O3(s)  +  2NaOH(aq)  +  3H2O(l)  !  2NaAl(OH)4(aq)   Al2O3(s)  +  6HCl(aq)!2AlCl3(aq)  +  3H2O(l)   • Al  oPen  appears  unreac;ve  as  a  layer  of  
Ionic:  Al2O3(s)  +  2OH-­‐(aq)  +  3H2O(l)  !2Al(OH)-­‐(aq)   Ionic:  Al2O3(s)  +  6H+(aq)  !2Al3+(aq)  +  3H2O(l)   oxide  forms  on  the  surface  

Some  covalent  character,  could  be  because:  


Reac,ons  of  Period  3  Oxides  with  Water   Bonding  in  Oxides   • Smaller  electronega=vity  difference,  OR  
Ionic  oxides  -­‐  oxide  ions  accept  protons  to  become  hydroxide  ions:  
Ionic  -­‐  Na2O,  MgO,  Al2O3    
• High  charge  density  of  Al3+  distorts  oxide  charge  cloud  
• Ionic  due  to  large  electronega;vity  difference  
Na2O(s)+H2O(l)  !2Na+(aq)  +  2OH-­‐  (aq)    pH  13
• Strong  electrosta;c  aUrac;on  between  oppositely  charged  ions  !  high  
 

MgO(s)  +  H2O(l)!Mg(OH)2(s)  pH  9  

mel;ng  points  
Mg(OH)2  is  only  slightly  soluble  in  water  as  its  laKce  is  stronger  so  fewer  free  OH-­‐   • Higher  charge  on  ions  strengthens  electrosta;c  aUrac;ons  !  increases  
ions  are  produced  and  so  lower  pH     mel;ng  points  
Simple  covalent  oxides  –  react  with  water  to  give  acids   • All  conduct  when  molten  –  proof  of  presence  of  ions  
P4O10(s)  +  6H2O  (l)!  4H3PO4(aq)  pH  0     Giant  covalent  (Macromolecular)  -­‐  SiO2    
Many  strong  covalent  bonds  needs  lots  of  energy  to  break  !  High  
SO2  (g)+H2O(l)H2SO3  (aq)  pH3  (weak  acid-­‐  H2SO3  !  H+  +  HSO3-­‐)  
mel;ng  pts  
SO3(g)  +  H2O(l)  !H2SO4  (aq)  pH0  (Acid  -­‐  H2SO4  !  H+  +  HSO4-­‐)   Simple  molecular  -­‐  P4O10,  SO2  
Al2O3  and  SiO2  do  not  dissolve  in  water  because  of  the  high  strength  of  the  Al2O3  ionic   • Covalent  due  to  small  electronega;vity  difference  
laKce  and  the  SiO2  macromolecular  structure,  so  they  give  a  neutral  pH  7     • Weak  IMFs  between  molecules  (VdWs  or  D-­‐D)  !  low  mel;ng  points  
  • P4O10  bigger  molecule,  larger  surface  area,  more  VdWs  !  higher  
mel;ng  pt  
 

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