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What Is 8D - 8D CAPA Report - Eight Disciplines of "Problem Solving"

The document discusses the 8D methodology for problem solving, which uses eight disciplines or principles. It provides details on each of the 8D steps, including establishing a team, defining the problem, containment actions, identifying and verifying the root cause, identifying and implementing corrective actions, preventative actions, and recognizing the team.

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Khalid Naseem
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244 views4 pages

What Is 8D - 8D CAPA Report - Eight Disciplines of "Problem Solving"

The document discusses the 8D methodology for problem solving, which uses eight disciplines or principles. It provides details on each of the 8D steps, including establishing a team, defining the problem, containment actions, identifying and verifying the root cause, identifying and implementing corrective actions, preventative actions, and recognizing the team.

Uploaded by

Khalid Naseem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is 8D ?

8D CAPA Report | Eight Disciplines of


“Problem Solving”
March 18, 2020 / Problem Solving Techniques / By TQP

“8D” Methodology basically uses eight disciplines or principles of “Problem


Solving“. This Problem Solving Technique is widely used by quality
engineers and managers of automotive industries.

This approach is also commonly used by other professionals working in


Manufacturing, Government, Construction, Healthcare, IT/BPO, and other
service sectors.

The objective/purpose of the 8D Methodology is to identify and define the


problem statement effectively for necessary Corrective and Preventive
actions – CAPA to stop/prevent the recurrence and occurrence of the
problem.

The corrective actions are basically taken on the identified root cause to
prevent the recurrence of the problem whereas preventive actions are
taken in advance on potential causes of failure to prevent the occurrence
of the problem.

The horizontal deployment of corrective action i.e. corrective actions


implementations in other products, machines, or services sometimes
referred to as preventive actions also.

The basic 7 QC Tools are commonly used in 8D Report generation and


problem-solving methodology/approach/steps.

And apart from 8D, there are various Problem-Solving techniques or


methodologies like PDCA Deming Cycle, Quality Circle, and Six Sigma –
DMAIC, etc. that are commonly applied in a variety of organizations to
identify and solve work-related quality problems.
8D CAPA Report is mainly demanded by all OEMs and IATF 16949 certified
companies from their suppliers ( at least ISO 9001 certified) to solve
customer complaints or quality-related issues.

Table of Contents
1. 8D Approach | 8D Problem-Solving Steps
1.1. 8D Step – D1: Establish the Team
1.2. D2: Defining the problem
1.3. D3: Containment or Interim Actions
1.4. D4: Identifying & Verifying Root Cause
1.5. D5: Identify Permanent Corrective Actions-PCA
1.6. D6: Implementing the Permanent Corrective Action
1.7. D7: Preventive Actions
1.8. 8D Step – D8: Team Recognition

8D Approach | 8D Problem-Solving Steps

The eight disciplines for process improvement or problem-solving are as


follows:

8D Step – D1: Establish the Team


Identify team leader and team members.
Establish a team of competent people with product/process
knowledge.
Cross-functional team-CFT members must be related to the
concerned problem.
Identify the team’s goals and objectives.

D2: Defining the problem

Define the problem clearly using the 5W2H approach and Process
flow diagram-PFD.
Problem definition shall be based on facts, not opinions.

D3: Containment or Interim Actions

Containment action is also known as Interim action or Short term


action.
Interim actions are immediate actions/first aid taken against the
problem to stop defects/suspected material outflow at the customer
end.
Interim actions protect the customer’s production line from the arisen
quality problem until we define the root cause and implement
necessary countermeasures.
Examples of containment actions are: Displaying of QAN-Quality Alert
Note, customer complaint awareness training to all concerned,
defective or suspected material/parts segregation at the WIP stage,
store location, ready for the dispatch-RFD stage, supplier end, transit,
and customer end.

D4: Identifying & Verifying Root Cause

Root Cause Analysis-RCA is a systematic approach to determining and


identifying the Root Cause of the problem. We can use 7 QC tools,5 Whys,
4M or 6M factors, and a Fishbone diagram for RCA.

Steps for Root Cause Identification:

Use the Brainstorm technique and Fishbone diagram to identify all


possible potential causes related to your problem. Consider all 4M or
6M factors in potential cause identification.
Verify/Validate the identified potential causes.
Now, Select the best potential cause that contributes to the
problem/effect.
Drill down the selected potential cause using the 5-Why approach
to arrive at the root cause of the problem.
Identify the root cause on both the Occurrence and Detection or
Inspection side.
Verify the root cause for necessary measures.

Note: Don’t end the root cause with the operator’s negligence, lack of
training, etc. while identifying the root cause using the 5Why tool. The
problem always occurred when there is a gap in the
system/procedure/standards.

D5: Identify Permanent Corrective Actions-PCA

Identify and Select the permanent corrective actions that address and
correct the root cause. In other words, the selected PCA will resolve
the problem of the customer.
Solutions/PCA determined to be the best of all the alternatives.
Document and verify the Permanent Corrective Action (PCA).

D6: Implementing the Permanent Corrective Action

Implement the best permanent corrective actions (PCA) and ensure


effective monitoring of implemented actions.
Detect any undesirable side effects of implemented corrective
actions.
Return to root cause analysis, if necessary. In other words, if a still
problem exists, you may need to fine-tune your actions or re-analyze
the problem to identify a new root cause.

D7: Preventive Actions

Ensure horizontal deployment of corrective actions, i.e. Ensure similar


types of problems will not occur in other machines, products, and
services.
Update the Systems, Processes, Procedures, and Documents like PFC,
control and FMEA to prevent a recurrence.
Implement Poka-Yoke (mistake-proofing or error-proofing) to make
the system or processes safer and more reliable.
Ensure effectiveness/sustenance monitoring of permanent corrective
actions.

8D Step – D8: Team Recognition

Congratulations to your team.


Celebrate the successful conclusion of the problem-solving effort.
Organization to express thanks to the team.
Document lesson learned card-LLC and display at all respective areas.

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