Event Based Revenue Recognition
Event Based Revenue Recognition
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shuge_guo
Product and Topic Expert
02-17-2023 4:27 PM
13 Kudos
The first releases of SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition focused on make-to-stock
production, where a standard product is manufactured and delivered to anonymous
stock and the sale to the customer is decoupled from the manufacturing process. SAP
S/4HANA Cloud, public edition 2302 includes Engineer-to-Order as a new end-to-end
process. Due to the customer-specific nature of the process, there is always a direct
reference to the sales order to reflect the requirements of the customer, demand is
initiated with reference to a WBS element and manufacturing takes place with
reference to a production order that is linked with this WBS element. The focus of cost
accounting is on bringing together these various elements to correctly value the
project-related inventory and determine the contribution margin for the project itself
and the associated market segments. Because of the longer timeframe involved, it is
also important to report work in process and recognize revenue correctly.
Figure #1 provides an overview of the ETO process, showing both the process flow
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and the steps that result in journal entries in Finance (the relevant business
transactions are shown in the colored boxes). Notice the box for valuated project
stock (special stock type Q) that provides the link between any components procured
specifically for the project, the manufacturing process for the product and the delivery
of the finished product to the customer. Underneath we see the reporting view where
Margin Analysis provides a dedicated Fiori app showing the revenues for the product,
the costs on the production order and the project and the market segments to which
these revenues and costs can be associated via attribution.
This blog post will guide you through the key value flows in finance for the Engineer-
to-Order (ETO) solution (Scope Item 6GD) in SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition,
release 2302, you can do the following:
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Before you start to explore this blog post, it is highly recommended that you read the
blog post Discrete Industries in SAP S/4HANA, Public Edition 2302 from Markus
Florian Oertelt, and watch the system demos inside his blog post for the whole ETO
scenario. Key steps from a Finance point of view are:
Create Sales Order with Project Stock and WBS Element Assignment (the WBS
assignment to sales order items provides the link between the cost postings on
the project and assigned production order, the revenue postings and the update
of the inventory values)
Create Outbound delivery (goods are issued from project stock and COGS
updated for the sales order/WBS element)
You can also read the following topics to understand the existing key innovations
relevant to the ETO scenario.
Margin Analysis
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For the preliminary steps, necessary roles, and the test procedure to run the whole
ETO business scenario, please refer to the documentation for Scope Item 6GD in the
SAP Best Practices Explorer. This blog post will focus on the value flows in finance,
especially on event-based production costing, event-based revenue recognition, and
margin analysis. The key configurations and preliminary steps to initiate the value flow
in finance for ETO are as follows.
The key configurations for the event-based production costing are conducted as
demonstrated in the screenshot shown in figure #2 above. Notice that WIP is
calculated at actual costs with each goods movement and confirmation, and
production variances are split by category. After making the required settings here,
event-based production costing can be initiated during the creation of the production
order by selecting the Event-Based Processing Key. What changes compared to the
make-to-stock process is that you can view the event-based production cost postings
(including overhead, variance, WIP, and so on) on a project level as well as by
production order. Please explore the blog post New in Production Accounting – Event-
Based Production Cost Posting for more details.
To derive the values for the relevant Profitability Analysis (CO-PA) fields, please assign
the G/L accounts with the Primary Costs or Revenue (P) account type to the WIP
offsets account under the Define WIP Account Determination setting in the above
configuration.
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In addition to the settings for WIP calculation in the production order, we need to
manage the settings for event-based revenue recognition in the project. The key
configurations for conducting event-based revenue recognition (EBRR) for ETO are
shown in figure #3 above. The default Recognition key is EPMFC (the cost-based
percentage-of-completion method). With this cost-based method, the accrued
revenue is calculated and posted when posting the price differences during Goods
Receipts or Supplier Invoices from purchasing, posting production variances from the
production order, posting Goods Issues for deliveries and Billings from the sales
orders. This recognition key is automatically derived for the WBS element when the
WBS element is assigned to a sales order item based on the mapping shown in figure
#3 above.
Additionally, the recognition key EPMCC (completed contract method) and EPMFR
(Project Revenue based PoC) are supported as well for the ETO scenario. Please
refer to the SAP Help Portal for Event-Based Revenue Recognition to understand the
general posting logic of the recognition keys.
Please note that this blog post will explain the event-based revenue recognition
postings based on the default recognition key EPMFC (the cost-based percentage-of-
completion method).
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After the creation of the project, the settlement rule should be assigned in the
profitability segments as shown in figure #4 above, so that project profitability can be
analyzed (for example the Fiori apps Display Line Items – Margin Analysis or Project
Profitability). The settlement rule provides the link between the project and the market
segments in the sales order. If there is only one sales order item, there is no need to
assign a separate settlement rule. No separate period-end settlement process is
necessary, as the data shown in project profitability is based on G/L line items in real
time. In case the attribute Multiple Sales Order Items Scenario on the project is
flagged, then you must maintain the settlement rule manually to establish the link to
the profitability segment for the billing element.
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In case Multiple Sales Order Items Scenario is flagged during project creation, the
creation of WBS packages via the Project Planning app (access via Related Apps
during Project Creation) is mandatory. As shown in figure #5 above, under the Root
WBS ETOFIN (the same ID as Project), there are two 2nd level WBS elements
(ETOFIN1, ETOFIN2) created for the project. The root WBS ETOFIN is flagged as
Billing Element.
You need to plan your cost and revenue up front, as they are needed to determine the
percentage of completion for the revenue recognition key EPMFC (the cost-based
percentage-of-completion method). With the Fiori app Import Financial Plan Data, the
financial planning data can be imported via a spreadsheet on a project level to G/L
accounts and WBS elements for each period. The result is shown in figure # 6 above.
In the above example, Percentage of Completion (PoC) = Actual Cost / 10000 and
accrued revenue = PoC *12000.
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The sales order items represent the structure as agreed with the customer. During the
creation of the Sales Order, the WBS Billing Element should be assigned to the Sales
Order Item to build the connection between the Project and Sales Order as shown in
figure #7. Additional sales order items and WBS elements can be added for the
purposes of cost collection. It is also possible to create free-of-charge Sales Order
Items for the WBS elements that will not be billed.
After the creation of the Sales Order, the system derives the Recognition Key under
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the Control tab in the project, based on the item category assigned in the sales order
item. In the example shown in figure #8 above, the default Recognition Key EPMFC is
updated, since the item category is assigned to the line item for the Billing WBS
element ETOFIN. Please refer to figure #3 for the mapping between Recognition Key
and item category. As shown earlier revenue recognition key EPMFC is derived from
the item category CTAD in configuration.
Now let’s look at the key financial value flow during the external procurement
process. This will result in costs being assigned to the project stock and any price
variances will impact revenue recognition. As shown in figure #9 above, Project
Demand can be defined for materials to initiate the follow-up procurement process
(Purchase Requisition→Purchase Order→Goods Receipt→Supplier Invoice). The
EBRR postings are generated for Goods Receipt and Supplier Invoice in case price
differences occur during the postings of Goods Receipt or Supplier Invoice.
After the Goods Receipt, EBRR postings (business transaction type TBRR) can be
checked in the Fiori app Display Line Items – Margin Analysis as shown in figure #10
above. With the above example, the material procured is valuated at 50 Euro.
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However, we had to procure it at a higher price (100 EUR). Therefore, the price
difference of 50 Euro is immediately considered as Actual Cost in EBRR. So Accrued
Revenue = PoC (Actual Cost/Planned Cost) * Planned Revenue = 50/10000*12000 =
60.
Accordingly, EBRR calculates and posts the revenue real-time, and potentially cost
adjustments based on the assigned revenue recognition key (default key EPMFC). As
shown in figure #11 above (SAP Fiori App Event-Based Revenue Recognition –
Projects), there are updates on Income Statement and Balance Sheet after Goods
Receipt. Continuing with the above example, in the Income Statements, the Revenue
Adjustment is 60 Euro.The Recognized Margin = 60 Euro – 50 Euro = 10 Euro. The
same logic applies for the Supplier Invoice posting.
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Next, let’s check the key financial value flow in the production process integrated into
ETO. As shown in figure #12 above, after the MRP runs for the Finished Goods, the
production order can be converted from the planned order and keeps the reference to
the WBS element. The planned cost (stored in table ACDOCP) of the production order
is used as the price of goods movement for the produced material and to update the
value of the project stock on delivery. In case a production variance occurs, the EBRR
posting is generated after the goods receipt for the production order. As with the price
difference before, the production variance amount is used as the actual cost for the
calculation of revenue in EBRR.
Additionally, Universal Parallel Accounting for the parallel valuation of plan cost in
production orders and event-based Overhead and Work in Process costs are also
integrated with the ETO scenario. Please refer to the following 2 blog posts for
details:
https://community.sap.com/t5/enterprise-resource-planning-blogs-by-sap/what-s-new-in-finance-for-engineer-products-and-systems-based-on-… 11/24
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After Goods Receipt of the Finished Goods, the variance of the production order can
be checked in the Fiori app Order Cost Details - Event-Based. As shown in figure #13
above, the cost information is recorded on the production order, but this is linked
through attribution to the WBS Element for the project. This means that you see the
same information as for make-to-stock but with the ability to select via WBS element.
The Total Variance (in this example 1868,07 Euro) is used as Actual Cost in the
calculation of revenue adjustment for EBRR.
Now, let’s check what will be posted for EBRR. As shown in figure #14 above in the
Fiori App Display Line Items – Margin Analysis, the Accrued Revenue from the EBRR
posting (Business Transaction Type: TBRR) is 2241,68 Euro. This value is calculated
based on the amount of actual cost (production variance), and the logic is as follows:
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Let’s also check the Fiori App Event-Based Revenue Recognition – Projects to see the
updates in Income Statement for Revenue Recognition Key (EPMFC). As shown in
figure # 15 above, the actual Recognized Revenue is updated to 2301,68 Euro. Since
in figure #11 the Recognized Revenue is 60 Euro, the accumulated Recognized
Revenue = 60 Euro + 2241,68 Euro (Figure #14) = 2301,68 Euro. Accordingly, the
accumulated recognized cost against the project is 50 Euro + 1868,07 Euro = 1918,07
Euro. So, the actual Recognized Margin = 2301,68 – 1918,07 = 383,61 Euro.
Now let’s check the key financial value flow in the Sales Process integrated into ETO.
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As shown in figure #16 above, EBRR is also integrated into sales processes like Down
Payment, Delivery to Customer, and Billing. It is possible to view relevant postings in
the Fiori App Display Line Items – Margin Analysis and check actual updates in the
Income Statement and Balance Sheet in the Fiori App Event-Based Revenue
Recognition – Projects during the sales process.
Let’s check the posting after a Down Payment is posted for the Sales Order under the
example Project. As shown in figure #17 above, a total Down Payment of 1200 Euro
(output tax 228 Euro) is credited for the Sales Order under the WBS ETOFIN. There is
no real-time EBRR posting for Business Transaction Type TBRR for the Down
Payment.
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After the outbound delivery, the Goods Issue is posted to the customer, let us check
the posting in the Fiori App Display Line Items – Margin Analysis. As shown in figure
#19 above, the inventory cost for the Finished Goods is 4344,20 Euro. The Accrued
Revenue in EBRR posting (Business Transaction Type: TBRR) will be calculated for
the Revenue Recognition key EPMFC based on this value as follows:
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total Recognized COS is 4344,20 Euro as explained in figure #19. So, the actual
Income Statement is updated as follows:
After the creation of the Billing Document (amount 12000 Euro), there will be an
EBRR posting as shown in figure #21 above.
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The Income Statement shown in the Fiori App Event-Based Revenue Recognition –
Projects is updated as shown in figure #22 above. The Billed Revenue is updated to
12000 Euro under Income Statement.
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During the period closing, you can trigger the revaluation from the SAP Fiori App
Event-Based Revenue Recognition – Projects. This function recalculates the values if
you changed the planned cost or have received a down payment, as we mentioned
earlier. You can simulate the revaluation before posting. Recalculated values are
color-highlighted as shown in Figure #23.
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Last, but not least, the overall Project Profitability can be analyzed in the SAP Fiori
App Project Profitability, as shown in figure #24 above. With this app, you can monitor
your actual revenue and costs, the values determined during event-based revenue
recognition and the value of the project stock. The data shown is based on G/L line
items that are assigned to the semantic tags for the various KPIs, and you can
drilldown to the journal entries for all KPIs with the Navigate To button. Please refer
to Project Profitability in the SAP Help Portal for details.
Additional Information
SAP Blog post: Discrete Industries in SAP S/4HANA, Public Edition 2302
SAP Learning Hub: Engineer to Order end-to-end in SAP S/4HANA Cloud, Public
Edition
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