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Assignment 2

The document contains 12 problems related to linear algebra concepts such as orthonormal bases, orthogonal complements, least squares solutions, linear transformations, and inner products. The problems cover topics like Gram-Schmidt process, matrix decomposition, finding ranges and kernels of linear transformations, solving systems of equations using least squares, and properties of inner products.

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Ad K
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20 views

Assignment 2

The document contains 12 problems related to linear algebra concepts such as orthonormal bases, orthogonal complements, least squares solutions, linear transformations, and inner products. The problems cover topics like Gram-Schmidt process, matrix decomposition, finding ranges and kernels of linear transformations, solving systems of equations using least squares, and properties of inner products.

Uploaded by

Ad K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 2

1. 1. Use the Gram–Schmidt process to transform the basis {(1, 1, 1), (−1, 1, 0), (1, 2, 1)} into an orthonormal basis.
 
1 −1 1
2. Decompose the matrix A =  1 1 2  into the product of an orthogonal matrix and an upper triangular
1 0 1
matrix.

2. Find the orthogonal complement of the following subspaces of R3 .

1. W = {(x, y, z) : 2x − y − 4z = 0}.
 
2 −5
2. W = span , ,2
3 3
3. Intersection of the planes x − y − z = 0 and x + 2y + z = 0
 
1 −1 1
 1 1 2 
3. Consider a linear transformation T : R3 → R4 generated by the matrix A =   1
 . Find Range(T ) and
0 1 
1 2 −1
Ker(T ) and their dimension.
 
2 a b
4. Consider a linear transformation T : M2×2 → R defined by T = (a + b, c + d) . Find Range(T ) and
c d
Ker(T ) and their dimension.
 
1 0 1
5. Consider R3 with the inner product generated by the matrix A =  1 1 1 . Which among the vectors in
1 1 0
3
{(0, 0, 1), (1, 0, 0), (1, 0, −1} in R are orthogonal to u = (−1, 0, 1) under this inner product.

6. Find a least square solution of the system 3x + 2y − z = 1, x + 4y + 3z = −2, x + 10y − 7z = 1.Find the error value
with this least square solution.

7. Prove or disprove the following statements.

1. There exist an onto linear transformation T : R4 → R2 such that ker(T ) = span{(1, 0, 1, 0), (1, 2, 1, 1), (0, 2, 0, 1)}.
2. There exist no one to one linear transformation T from R4 to R3 .
3. There is exactly one linear transformation T : V → W for which T (u − v) = T (u) + T (v) for all vectors u and
v in V .
4. Let W be the row space of an invertible 3 × 3 matrix. Then the projection onto W defines an one-one linear
transformation on R3 .

8. For any u, v in an inner product space V , show that

1. ||u + v||2 +||u − v||2 = 2||u||2 +2||v||2


2. ⟨u, v⟩ = 41 ||u + v||2 − 14 ||u − v||2

9. Let W be the orthogonal complement of the set {(x, y, z) : x + 3y − 2z = 0, −x + 2y + 4z = 0}. Find the orthogonal
projection of u = (4, 1, 3) onto W .
10. Let W be the plane inR3 spanned by the vectors x1 = (1, 2, 2) and x2 = (−1, 0, 2).

1. Find an orthonormal basis for W


2. Extend it to an orthonormal basis for R3 .

11. Compute the orthogonal complement of W , where W = span{(1, 7, 2), (−2, 3, 1)}.

12. Find a linear transformation T : R3 → R3 such that T (1, 1, 1) = (2, −1, 4), T (2, 2, 0) = (3, 0, 1), T (2, 0, 0) = (−1, 5, 1).

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