TRINITY INSTITUTE

OF
PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector-9, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi & Approved by Bar Council of India, New Delhi)
“A+” Ranked Institution by SFRC, Govt. of NCT of DelhiRecognized under section 2(f) of the UGC Act, 1956
Accredited “B++” by NAAC

LAB MANUAL
BASICS OF VIDEO, CAMERA & LIGHTS
COURSE CODE: 253

NAME................................................
ENROLLMENT NO. ..........................
CLASS................................................
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OBJECTIVE OF THIS COURSE:
On completion of this course, the student should be able to:
 use video camera, lights and sound for studio and location shooting
 demonstrate proficiency of skills to operate and handle video system

OBJECTIVE OF THIS MANUAL:

This Lab Manual is intended to be used by students of BA (JMC), Semester iii for
BASICS OF VIDEO, CAMERA & LIGHTS.
The Video Editing Lab Manual covers topics that are essential for the students to
strengthen their theoretical concepts. The purpose of this manual is to give
guidance and instructions to the students regarding this subject.
On completion of this course, the student should be able to:
 describe video camera operations and functions
 describe camera movements, mounts, shots, angles and compositions
 describe techniques of lighting for video production
 describe the methods of recording and in-cam editing

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

Use of this manual is mandatory for the completion of practicals. It provides the
students with the first hand knowledge of the practical subjects. It also makes
them learn a systematic approach to do their task proficiently as per the need
and requirement of the industry.

INSTRUCTION TO THE STUDENTS

1. Students are REQUIRED to carry this manual during the Lab Class.
2. Students are REQUIRED to read the topics mentioned before coming to the
Lab Class.
3. Students are REQUIRED to follow the timeline for each assignment.
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Table of Contents

PAGE
S.NO TOPIC REMARKS/SIGN
NO

1 Record 5 Camera Shots

2 Record 5 Camera Angels

3 Record 5 Camera Movements

4 Record 5 Camera Composition

1 story combining shots angles movement

5
and compositions

6 Record a video with Different white balance

Record a video with various lighting

7
techniques
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What is Video Camera And Types of Video Camera?

A video camera is an optical instrument that captures videos (as opposed to a

movie camera, which records images on film). Video cameras were initially
developed for the television industry but have since become widely used for a
variety of other purposes.

Video cameras are used primarily in two modes. The first, characteristic of much
early broadcasting, is live television, where the camera feeds real time images
directly to a screen for immediate observation. A few cameras still serve live
television production, but most live connections are for security,
military/tactical, and industrial operations where surreptitious or remote
viewing is required. In the second mode the images are recorded to a storage
device for archiving or further processing; for many years, videotape was the
primary format used for this purpose, but was gradually supplanted by optical
disc, hard disk, and then flash memory. Recorded video is used in television
production, and more often surveillance and monitoring tasks in which
unattended recording of a situation is required for later analysis.

Different Types of Cameras

Compact Cameras
DSLR Cameras
Mirrorless Cameras
Action (Adventure) Cameras
360 Cameras
Medium Format Cameras
Traditional Film Cameras
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TOPIC 1
What are Camera Shots?

A camera shot is how much space the audience sees in a particular frame.
Cinematographers choose specific camera shots to portray things about a
character, setting, or theme to the audience. Similarly, camera angles are
different ways to position a camera to further emphasize emotions and
relationships. There are many camera shots and camera angles to choose from,
and each helps tell the story in its own way.

“Coverage” refers to the collection of shots that you need to gather during filming
in order to edit together a coherent scene during post-production. For example,
when shooting a two-person scene, your coverage may consist of five different
shots: a master shot, a pair of over-the-shoulder shots, and a pair of close-ups of
each speaker.
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Assignment 1
Record a Video with 5 Camera Shots
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Topic 2
What are Camera Angels?

The camera angle marks the specific location at which the movie camera or video
camera is placed to take a shot. A scene may be shot from several camera angles
simultaneously. This will give a different experience and sometimes emotion. The
different camera angles will have different effects on the viewer and how they
perceive the scene that is shot. There are a few different routes that a camera
operator could take to achieve this effect.
Where the camera is placed in relation to the subject can affect the way the
viewer perceives the subject. There are a number of camera angles, such as a high-
angle shot, a low-angle shot, a bird's-eye view and a worm's-eye view. A viewpoint
is the apparent distance and angle from which the camera views and records the
subject.
They also include the eye-level camera angle, the over the shoulder shot and the
point of view shot. A high-angle shot (HA) is a shot in which the camera is
physically higher than the subject and is looking down upon the subject. The high
angle shot can make the subject look small or weak or vulnerable while a low-
angle shot (LA) is taken from below the subject and has the power to make the
subject look powerful or threatening. A neutral shot or eye-level (EL) shot has
little to no psychological effect on the viewer. This shot is when the camera is
level or looking straight on with the subject.
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Assignment 2
Record a Video with 5 Camera Angels
Topic 3
8
8
What are Camera Movements?

Camera movement is a filmmaking technique that causes a change in frame or

perspective through the movement of the camera. Camera movement allows
cinematographers and directors to shift the audience's view without cutting. Specific
types of camera movements in film also can create a psychological and emotional
effect on the audience. These effects can be used to make a film more immersive and
engaging.
When it comes time to create a shot list for your next project, which camera
movements will you choose? There are many types of camera movements in film,
each with their own storytelling value.

Examples of types of camera movements in film:

Pan
Tilt
Push in
Pull Out
Assignment 3
9
Record a Video with 5 Camera Movements
Topic 4
10
What are Camera Compositions?

The definition of composition in photography is the arrangement of discrete

elements in a work of art, whether that is a painting, photograph, print, or even
a play. The arrangement of elements within a whole is called a composition.
How these elements interact very often determines the success or failure of an
entire piece. Well-composed works are more creatively successful and have
more effect on the viewer.
Ansel Adams said, "You don't take a photograph; you make it," This is the
concept behind composition in photography. Very simply, the composition of a
photograph is how each of the parts adds up to the whole. Moving around the
subject matter, zooming in, or changing the camera's lens or point of view will
all change the composition of a photograph.
Overall, the goal of the photograph's composition is to balance subject matter
and negative space. Negative space is the absence of subject matter in an
image. While some negative space is useful, too much takes away from focusing
on the subject and makes work feel unfinished. There are several elements of
composition in photography. Some of the most significant elements include
leading lines, depth of field, and the rule of thirds.
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Assignment 4
Record a Video with 5 Camera Compositions
Topic 5
12
ning different shots, angle, movements
Shoot and record 1 minute video combi
& composition
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Topic 6

What is White Balance

White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that
objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper
camera white balance has to take into account the "color temperature" of a light
source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light. Our eyes are
very good at judging what is white under different light sources, but digital
cameras often have great difficulty with auto white balance (AWB) — and can
create unsightly blue, orange, or even green color casts. Understanding digital
white balance can help you avoid these color casts, thereby improving your photos
under a wider range of lighting conditions.
White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that
objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper
camera white balance has to take into account the "color temperature" of a light
source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light. Our eyes are
very good at judging what is white under different light sources, but digital
cameras often have great difficulty with auto white balance (AWB) — and can
create unsightly blue, orange, or even green color casts. Understanding digital
white balance can help you avoid these color casts, thereby improving your photos
under a wider range of lighting conditions.
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Assignmemt 6

Record a Video with Different White Balance

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Topic 7

What are Different Types of Lightning Techniques?

The most basic lighting in film is the three-point lighting setup. Lighting from
three directions shapes your subject and sets them apart from their background.

To achieve this, your film lighting equipment needs to face your subject from
three directions: front, back and side (generally).
KEY LIGHT
The key light is the light that registers most prominently in your frame. So, when
you look at the image of Amelie above, you’ll see that the screen-right portion of
her face is brightest. That’s the key light.
FILL LIGHTS
Quite simply, fill lights fill in the shadows of your frame. You’ll notice that the
screen-left portion of Amelie’s face is in shadow, but with her features still
plainly visible. That is a fill light at work.
BACK LIGHT
The back light gives an edge light to the rear portion of your subject. Often, the
backlight shoots down from a higher angle. You can see that Amelie has a light
contour along her shoulders and the nape of her neck.
You’ll generally want to flank your camera with your key and fill lights, spaced
about 60 degrees on an axis from your camera.
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Assignmemt 7

Record a Video with Different Lightning Techniques