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GETTING INTERNATIONAL.- Session 2.-

Getting used to it.

Situation
Read the text and listen to the situation.
Script

Lourdes and Susana are finally in London! They

had some difficulties finding Gema's house but with
a little bit of patience and their few words in English
they managed to get to their destination.

Today is a really important day since they start their

internship at the company. They get up very early, have some breakfast and take
a taxi to British Corporation, the company they are going "to work for".

When they get to the office, they go to the reception desk and ask for Mr. Parker,
the Business manager and their new boss.

Lourdes: Good morning, we are Lourdes Serrano and Susana Moreno. We're
starting an internship here, could we talk to Mr. Parker, please?

Mr. Parker comes immediately, he's tall and slim, he has got blonde hair and blue
eyes and in the girls' opinion…

Lourdes and Susana: He is gorgeous! (very enthusiastically).

Lourdes and Susana introduce themselves and Mr. Parker shows them around
the company so that they meet the rest of their colleagues.

Think about it
And you? Do you know how to introduce yourself in English? Enter the forum and
introduce yourself to the rest of students and your teacher.

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Materiales formativos de FP Online propiedad del Ministerio de

Educación, Cultura y Deporte.
Aviso Legal

1.- What to say: Meeting new people.

Quotation
"You meet people who forget you. You forget people you meet. But sometimes
you meet those people you can't forget. Those are your friends." Unknown author.

Situation
Read the text and listen to the situation.
Script

In their tour around the office, Mr. Parker introduces

the girls to the rest of their colleagues and shows
them around the different departments. They start
at the Sales Department where they meet
Francesco, an Italian boy; they follow with the IT
Department where they meet Karen and Steve, who
are British, and they end up at the Human Resources Department, where Miss
Brown asks them some questions to fill in some application forms and asks them
to fill in other documents.

Miss Brown: What's your name?

Lourdes: My name's Lourdes Serrano.

Miss Brown: Is "Serrano" your surname that is, family name?

Lourdes: Yes, it is.

Miss Brown: Ok. Ms. Serrano, Where were you born?

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Lourdes: I was born in Spain. I'm Spanish.

Miss Brown: When were you born?

Lourdes: I was born on August 26th, 1990.

Miss Brown: Could you please tell me what's your address at home?

Lourdes: My address is number 34, Alcalá street. Badajoz (Spain).

Miss Brown: Have you already got an address here in London?

Lourdes: Yes, I have. It's 20 Paddington Lane WC2H 7LA. London

Miss Brown: Great, What's your home telephone number?

Lourdes: My telephone number is 00 34 924245638

Miss Brown: Have you got a mobile phone?

Lourdes: Yes, It's 00 34 654768749

Miss Brown: Are you married?

Lourdes: No. I'm not. I'm single.

Miss Brown: Do you suffer from any illness?

Lourdes: No, I don't, though I'm allergic to nuts.

Miss Brown: Ok, Ms. Serrano I think that's all for now. Thank you very much.

Lourdes: You're welcome, bye.

Think about it
Write in the forum.

Do you like meeting new people? Why? Why not?

Do you usually get nervous when meeting new people? Why? Why not?

What do you usually do when you are new in a place, do you go and introduce
yourself or do you wait for people to come to you? Why?

1.1.- Talking about yourself.

When meeting new people, it is quite normal to talk about oneself since after all, this is what
meeting people consists off. Here you will find some useful phrases for you to ask, and
others to help you introduce yourself so that you can interact with other people in English.

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Talking about yourself

Common questions Translation

Hello/Hi, my name's X, what's your

Hola, me llamo X, ¿cómo te llamas?
name?

Hi, how are you? Hola, ¿qué tal?

Where are you from? ¿De dónde eres?

What do you do for a living? ¿Cómo te ganas la vida? ¿A qué te dedicas?

What nationality are you? ¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad?

Where do you live? ¿Dónde vives?

What's your telephone number? ¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono?

What's your job? ¿En qué trabajas?

What do you usually do in your

¿Qué sueles hacer en tu tiempo libre?
free / spare time?

What's your address? ¿Dónde vives? ¿Cuál es tu dirección?

Common answers Translation

Hi, nice to meet you. Hola, encantado / encantada de conocerte.

It was nice meeting you, bye! Ha sido un placer, hasta la próxima.

My name's X and I'm X years old. Me llamo X y tengo X años.

I live in London. Vivo en Londres.

My address is number 8, Princess

Mi dirección es Princess Avenue, número 8.
Avenue.

My home telephone / mobile

Mi fijo es… / mi móvil es…
number is…

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I've got 2 brothers and one sister. Tengo dos hermanos y una hermana.

I'm an only child. Soy hijo único / hija única.

I'm a teacher / an engineer. Soy profesor, soy ingeniero.

I'm English. Soy Inglés / Inglesa.

Estoy soltero o soltera / casado o casada /

I'm single / married / engaged.
comprometido o comprometida.

I love / enjoy playing basketball /

Me encanta jugar al baloncesto / viajar.
travelling.

In my free time I usually read

En mi tiempo libre suelo leer.
books.

My favourite film / book is … Mi película favorita / libro favorito es.

I'm good at painting / languages… Se me da bien pintar / se me dan bien los idiomas.

I'm interested in politics. Me interesa / me gusta la política.

A step ahead
Watch these videos to listen to people introducing themselves. In the first one,
you will learn how to introduce yourself in an informal situation, whereas in the
second one, you’ll listen to what to say when looking for a job. Have fun!
Text summary

Text summary

Imagine you are new at British Corporation. Think about what you would say to
introduce yourself in an informal way. When you are ready, enter the forum and
record your voice. Try to sound natural.

2.- How to say it: Past simple versus Past

continuous.

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Think about it
Read the following sentences carefully. What is the difference between them?

When he arrived, we had lunch.

When he arrived, we were having lunch.

As you may have observed, in the first sentence, they had lunch after he
arrived (they were waiting for him). In the second sentence, when he arrived
they were in the middle of lunch. Therefore, we can conclude that the Past
simple is used to talk about finished states, actions or situations that
happened in the past. The past continuous on the contrary, is used to refer
to a longer action which was taking place at a specific moment in the past.

Usage.

The past continuous tense expresses an action at a particular moment in the past.
The action started before that moment, but has not finished. For example,
yesterday I watched a film on TV. The film started at 7 pm and finished at 9pm;
therefore, I can say that at 7.30 pm I was watching a film on TV.

Moreover, We often use the past continuous tense to "set the scene" in stories.
We use it to describe the background situation at the moment when the action
begins, whereas we use the past simple to introduce an action which interrupts
the longer one. Often, the story starts with the past continuous tense and then
moves into the simple past tense. Here is an example: Mr. Parker was working
hard in his office. It was raining. The wind was blowing ,when he suddenly heard
a noise.

To conclude, remember that there are some verbs that can't be used in the
continuous form in English. For further information, review unit 1, session 1,
section 2.2.

Translation
Click here to read the Spanish version.

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El pasado continuo se utiliza para referirse a una acción en progreso en un

punto concreto del pasado. La acción comenzó antes de ese momento
específico del que hablamos y aún no ha acabado. Por ejemplo ayer vi una
película en la tele. La película comenzó a las 7 y terminó a las 9, por tanto
podemos decir que a las 7.30 yo estaba viendo una película en la tele.

Del mismo modo, solemos utilizar el pasado continuo para establecer la

escena de una historia, sobretodo para describir el entorno que rodea la
acción; el pasado simple por el contrario, introduce una acción repentina que
interrumpe a la que ya estaba en progreso. Normalmente, la escena
comienza en pasado continuo y de ahí cambia a pasado simple.

Finalmente, recuerda que hay algunos verbos que no pueden utilizarse con
los tiempos de continuo en Inglés. Para más información repasa la sección
2.2 de la primera sesión de esta unidad.

You should know

Click here to review a little bit on the the Past Simple or Past Continuous Form.

Past Simple and Continuous.

2.1.- Used to/Would.

Think about it
Read the sentences. Do you notice a difference?

When I was a child, I used to go to school every day.

When I was a child, I went to Italy three times with my parents.

In the first sentence we are talking about an action that happened every day.
It was a routine in the past. In the second, it's an action that happened in the
past too, but it wasn't a routine: it just happened three times.

The past simple, would + infinitive, and used to + infinitive are

all possible ways to talk about the past.

You can use would to talk about regular or repeated past

actions. It sometimes suggests a feeling of nostalgia so it is
often used to talk about personal memories.

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Every day my friends and I would play after school.

I would go cycling to school every day.

You rarely use would with this meaning in the negative or question form.

You can use used to like would for regular or repeated past actions, and also for past states
or situations. You can use used to in negative forms and in question forms.

Children didn't use to have mobile phones.

Did you use to like going to school?

Translation
Click to read the Spanish translation.

Podemos utilizar el pasado simple, used to y would para hablar de hábitos

del pasado.

Would se puede usar para expresar acciones regulares o repetidas.

Normalmente no se utiliza en forma negativa o interrogativa.

Used to se utiliza igual que would y además se usa para hablar de estados o
situaciones del pasado. Se puede utilizar en forma negativa o interrogativa.

Think about it
Look at the sentences below; they are all in the past simple. Read them and
discuss these questions.

1. Which sentences could be changed to would + verb?

2. Which sentences could be changed to used to + verb?
3. What does this tell you about how to use these two structures?

I believed in ghosts.
I was afraid of spiders.
I had long hair.
I started learning English.
I went to school every day.
I didn't like fish.

I believed in ghosts. / I used to believe in ghosts.

I was afraid of spiders. / I used to be afraid of spiders.
I had long hair. / I used to have long hair.
I started learning English when I was 6.
I went to school every day. / I used to go to school every day. / I would
go to school every day.
I didn't like fish. / I didn't use to like fish.

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Would and used to + infinitive are used to talk about regular or repeated
actions in the past. Used to is also used to talk about past states. However, if
something happened only once, we use the Past Simple.

Think about it
Give your opinion in the forum:

Where did you use to go to school? How did you get there?
Do you remember any of your teachers? Were there any you particularly
liked or disliked?
Did you do anything naughty? Were you caught and punished?
What did you use to do before of after school or during the breaks?

2.2.- Now you put it into practice (I).

Are you ready to test what you have learned? Let's give it a go.

Now it's your turn

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. Use
contractions where possible.

1. When the post man (arrive), I (have a shower).

2. While my sister (study), my boyfriend (make) some muffins.
3. I (go) to the dentist 3 days ago because I (have) a terrible toothache.
4. Ryan (arrive) at Kara's house a little before 10 o'clock, but she (not/be)
there. She (study) for her final exam.
5. When I (be) 8, I (eat) cookies every evening.
6. He (miss) the bus because he (talk) with some friends.
7. The burglars (come) into the house while the man (sleep).
8. I (drink) a glass of orange juice at ten. I'm not thirsty now.
9. When I (walk) into the busy office, the secretary (talk) on the phone, several
clerks (work) at their desks, and two managers (discuss) methods to
improve customer service.
10. (you write) the composition last Monday?
11. My grandfather (not/be) at home when he (fall) down the stairs.
12. The children (play) in their room when their mother (call) them.
13. I (not/understand) what they (talk) about.
14. Rachel (live) in London for more than two years. In fact, she (live) there
when.
15. When it (start) to rain, our cat (want) to come inside.

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Now it's your turn

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence. The children _____ often
help me make a cake. They still do sometimes.

used to.
would.
either used to / would.

You _____ like him... Yes, but now I hate him!

used to.
would.
either used to / would.

I remember we _____ go camping every summer when I was a child.

used to.
would.
either used to / would.

He _____ be a very good footballer, until he broke his ankle.

used to.
would.
either used to / would.

When we were children, we _____ on holiday to France twice.

went.
used to go.
would go.

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A step ahead
If you want more information and practice on the structure Used to and Didn't use
to, check out the following website. You can listen to the programme and do the
exercises.

Grammar challenge: Used to.

2.3.- Pronunciation. The third Person

Singular (II): Voiced sounds.

Think about it
Take a look at these sentences and answer, what do they have in common?

He works in an office.
She plays the piano.
Paul tries to work hard every day.

Great! As you may have answered, the three sentences go in the third
person singular of the present simple. But do you know how to pronounce
them?

Translation
Click here to read the Spanish version.

¡Genial! Tal y como habrás respondido las tres frases van en tercera persona
singular del presente simple. ¿Sabes cómo se pronuncian?

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Voiced sounds.

1. The -(e)s of the simple present tense is pronounced as /z/ after a voiced
sound, except /z/, /zh/, and /j/. The voiced sounds are sounds that are
produced by vibration of the vocal chords. The voiced sounds in English are:
a. All vowels.
b. /b/, /g/, j sound (as in judge), /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, voiced th (as in bathe),
/v/, ng (as in bang), zh sound (as in measure), z sound (as in buzz).
Examples: plays, sees, goes, robs, hangs, calls, rams, learns, blurs,
clothes, receives.

2. However, when a word ends in /s/, /sh/, /ch/, /z/, /j/ the -es is pronounced as
a separate syllable:/ ɪz/. Therefore, if a verb ends in one of these sounds,
the present tense will have one more syllable than the simple form.
Examples:

fix (1 syllable)-->fixes (2 syllables).

kiss (1 syllable)-->kisses (2 syllables).
wash (1 syllable)-->washes (2 syllables).
watch (1 syllable)-->watches (2 syllables).
damage (2 syllables)-->damages (3 syllables).
memorize (3 syllables)-->memorizes (4 syllables).
exercise (3 syllables)-->exercises (4 syllables).

Translation
Click here to read the Spanish version.

Los sonidos sonoros:

1. La terminación -(e)s del presente simple se pronuncia /z/ detrás de una

vocal sonora excepto /z/, /zh/, and /j/. Los sonidos sonoros se
producen por la vibración de las cuerdas vocales y en Inglés son los
siguientes:
a. Todas las vocales.
b. /b/, /g/, /j/ (como en "judge"), /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, el sonido sonoro "th"
(como en "bathe"), /v/, ng (como en "bang"), el sonido /zh/ (como
en "measure") y el sonido /z/ (como en "buzz").
2. Sin embargo, cuando una palabra termina en /s/, /sh/, /ch/, /z/, /j/ la
terminación -es se pronuncia como una sílaba a parte:/ɪz/. Por tanto, si
un verbo termina en uno de estos sonidos, el presente simple tendrá
una sílaba más que la forma simple: Ejemplos:
"Fix" (1 sílaba)-->"fixes" (2 sílabas); "kiss" (1 sílaba)--> "kisses" (2
sílabas) etc.

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2.4.- Now you put it into practice (II).

Now it's your turn

-(e)s pronounced as [z].
Read these words aloud. Make an effort to pronounce the final –(e)s sound:
Allows Endangers Plays
Annoys Favours Pretends
Appears Fears Reads
Approves Goes Removes
Arrives Grades Repels
Attends Has Roams
Belongs Hears Sags
Calls Hinders Says
Cries Joins Seems
Dazzles Knows Sees
Decides Leaves Sighs
Defends Lives Snores
Delays Maintains Survives
Árbol floreciendo.

A step ahead
Click on the link below to listen to the pronunciation of the previous words:

Pronunciation exercise.

3.- Words you need: Parts of a company.

As you already know, most companies are divided into different departments and sections, all
of them with workers carrying out different tasks. Let's take a look at the most common ones.

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Vocabulary related to the parts of a company

Parts of a company Translation

Departments Departamentos

Human Resources. Recursos Humanos.

Research and Development. I + D.

IT Information technology. Informática.

Production. Producción.

Finance. Contabilidad.

Marketing. Marketing.

Sales. Ventas.

Customer service. Atención al cliente.

Logistics. Logística.

Purchasing. Compras.

Jobs / positions Cargos

Secretary. Secretario / Secretaria.

Manager. Gerente, administrador.

Deputy manager. Sub-gerente, segundo de abordo.

Director. Director.

Accountant. Contable.

Intern. Becario / Becaria.

Analyst. Analista.

Designer. Diseñador.

Chairman / president. Presidente.

Commercial agent. Comercial.

Cleaning staff. Plantilla de limpieza.

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Caretaker. Conserje.

Other facilities Otras instalaciones

Parking lot. Aparcamiento.

Reception desk. Mostrador de recepción.

Cafeteria / Canteen. Cafetería.

Lifts (British English) / Elevators (American English). Ascensores.

Vending machine. Máquina expendedora.

Toilets (B.E.) / Restrooms (A.E.). Baños.

Staff room. Sala de personal.

Cleaning room. Cuarto de la limpieza.

Copy machine. Fotocopiadora.

3.1.- Now you put it into practice (III).

Now it's your turn

Match up the following departments to what they do.

Human Resources → Research and Development → IT Information

technology → Production → Logistics→ Finance → Marketing →
Sales → Customers.

Responsible for taking care of customers needs. .

Responsible for making the product. .
Responsible for selling the product. .
Responsible for how the product is launched. .
Responsible for hiring and dealing with staff. .
Responsible for the company's network and computers. .

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Responsible for payments, bills and expenses. .

Responsible for developing and improving the product. .
Responsible for the shipping and handling of the product. .

Now it's your turn

There are different posts in a company. Fill in the gaps with the right job.

Analyst → designer → chairperson → partner → secretary → manager

→ commercial agent → accountant → receptionist → cleaning staff.

Amancio Ortega is the of Indetex.

Our will visit your business soon.
I work as a at the Royal Hotel.
Please, contact my to arrange our next meeting.
Sam works at Bank of America as a financial .
I would like to speak to the of the sales department.
Oh, sorry, you are right. The has made a mistake in the bill.
The of our company logo has been awarded a prize.
Mr. Fox has been my business and my friend for over 20 years.
My office has been refurnished. Now I need the to tidy up the mess.

Appendix.- Licenses of resources.

Licenses of resources used in session 2. "Getting used to it".

Resource
Resources (1) Resources information (1) Resources (2)
information

By: the|G|™.
License: CC
By: Aidan Jones.
by-nc-nd 2.0.
License: CC by-sa 2.0.
From:
From: http://www.flickr.com/photos
http://www.flick
/aidan_jones/3575000735
/photos/the-g-
uk/4030344394

By: Timothy
Valentin.
By: Ian Aberle. License: CC
License: CC by-nc-sa 2.0. by-nc-sa 2.0.
From: http://www.flickr.com/photos From:
/ianaberle/4185095125/ http://www.flick
/photos/el_ram

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/4850007073/

By: Rebecca L
Daily.
By: Badseed.
License: CC by
License: CC by-sa 3.0.
From:
From: http://commons.wikimedia.org
http://www.flick
/wiki/File:Cardinal_vowel_tongue_position-
/photos
front.svg
/strangrthanca
/2996756913

By: StreetFly J
License: CC
By: Idiolector.
by-nc-nd 2.0.
License: CC by-nc-sa 2.0.
From:
From: http://www.flickr.com/photos
http://www.flick
/idiolector/3164431662/
/photos/streetf
/2754448236

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