10-4 Inscribed Angles

Main Ideas
• Find measures of A socket is a tool that comes in varying
inscribed angles. diameters. It is used to tighten or
• Find measures of unscrew nuts or bolts. The “hole” in
angles of inscribed the socket is a hexagon cast in a metal
polygons. cylinder.

New Vocabulary
intercepted
Inscribed Angles In Lesson 10-3, you learned that a polygon that has its
vertices on a circle is called an inscribed polygon. Likewise, an inscribed
angle is an angle that has its vertex on the circle and its sides contained in
chords of the circle.
Vertex B is on the
B
circle.
A
冡

ADC is the arc AB and BC are

intercepted by chords of the circle.
⬔ABC. D
C

GEOMETRY LAB
Measure of Inscribed Angles
MODEL
• Use a compass to draw W. Y
• Draw an inscribed angle and label it XYZ.
−− −− W
• Draw WX and WZ.
X
ANALYZE
1. Measure ∠XYZ and ∠XWZ. Z

2. Find mXZ and compare it with m∠XYZ.
3. Make a conjecture about the relationship of the measure of an
inscribed angle and the measure of its intercepted arc.

10.5 Inscribed Angle Theorem

If an angle is inscribed in a circle, then the measure
of the angle equals one-half the measure of its A B
intercepted arc (or the measure of the intercepted
arc is twice the measure of the inscribed angle). D
Example: m∠ABC = _(mADC
1   C
) or 2(m∠ABC) = mADC
2

578 Chapter 10 Circles

Aaron Haupt
 To prove Theorem 10.5, you must consider three cases.

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

B B B

Model of Angle
O C
Inscribed in
O C O O
A C A
A

on a side in the interior of in the exterior of

Location of center of circle
of the angle the angle the angle

PROOF Theorem 10.5 (Case 1)

−−
Given: ∠ABC inscribed in D and AB is a diameter. B

Prove: m∠ABC = _
1 
mAC D x˚
2
−−−
Draw DC and let m∠B = x.
A
Proof: C
−− −−−
Since DB and DC are congruent radii, BDC is isosceles and ∠B  ∠C.
Thus, m∠B = m∠C = x. By the Exterior Angle Theorem, m∠ADC =
m∠B + m∠C. So m∠ADC = 2x. From the definition of arc measure, we
 = m∠ADC or 2x. Comparing mAC
know that mAC  and m∠ABC, we see
 = 2(m∠ABC) or that m∠ABC = _mAC
that mAC 1 .
2

You will prove Cases 2 and 3 of Theorem 10.5 in Exercises 33 and 34.

EXAMPLE Measures of Inscribed Angles

In
O, mAB  = 100, and mAD
 = 140, mBC .
 = mDC A
Find the measures of ∠1, ∠2, and ∠3. 5 1 B
Using Variables 2
You can also assign a  and mAD
First determine mDC . O
variable to an 4
3
unknown measure. So, mAB  + mDC
 + mBC  + mAD
 = 360 Arc Addition Theorem C
 = x,
if you let mAD D
the second equation mAB  = 100,
 = 140, mBC
 + mDC
140 + 100 + mDC  = 360
becomes 140 + 100 +  
mDC = mAD
x + x = 360, or 240
+ 2x = 360. This last ) = 360
240 + 2(mDC Simplify.
equation may seem
simpler to solve.
) = 120
2(mDC Subtract 240 from each side.
 = 60
mDC Divide each side by 2.

 = 60 and mAD
So, mDC  = 60.

m∠1 = _
1 
mAD m∠2 = _
1 
mDC m∠3 = _
1 
mBC
2 2 2
_
= 1 (60) or 30 _
1
= (60) or 30 =_
1
(100) or 50
2 2 2

1A. Find m∠4. 1B. Find m∠5.

Extra Examples at geometryonline.com Lesson 10-4 Inscribed Angles 579

 In Example 1, note that ∠3 and ∠5 intercept the same arc and are congruent.

10.6
If two inscribed angles of a circle (or A B B
congruent circles) intercept congruent A C
arcs or the same arc, then the angles
are congruent. F D
Abbreviations: D C E
Inscribed  of  arcs are .
Inscribed  of same arc are . ∠DAC  ∠DBC ∠FAE  ∠CBD

You will prove Theorem 10.6 in Exercise 35.

EXAMPLE Proof with Inscribed Angles

−−− −− A
Given: P with CD  AB C
X
1
Prove: AXB  CXD 2
P B
Proof:
D
Statements Reasons
.
1. ∠DAB intercepts DB 1. Definition of intercepted arc

∠DCB intercepts DB.
2. ∠DAB  ∠DCB 2. Inscribed  of same arc are .
3. ∠1  ∠2 3. Vertical  are .
−−− −−
4. CD  AB 4. Given
5. AXB  CXD 5. AAS

−− −− −− −−
2. Given: RT bisects SU; RV  SV S
R
Prove: RVS  UVT
V

U T

Eliminate the You can also use the measure of an inscribed angle to determine probability of
Possibilities a point lying on an arc.
Think about what
would be true if D was
on minor arc AB. Then EXAMPLE Inscribed Arcs and Probability
∠ADB would intercept
the major arc. Thus,
PROBABILITY Points A and B are on a circle so that m
AB = 60. Suppose
m∠ADB would be half point D is randomly located on the same circle so that it does not
of 300, or 150. This is coincide with A or B. What is the probability that m∠ADB = 30?
not the desired angle
measure in the Since the angle measure is half the arc measure, A 60˚
problem, so you can inscribed ∠ADB must intercept AB , so D must B
eliminate the lie on major arc AB. Draw a figure and label any 30˚
possibility that D can information you know.
.
lie on AB
 = 360 - mAB  D
mBDA
= 360 - 60 or 300

580 Chapter 10 Circles

 Since ∠ADB must intercept AB, the probability that m∠ADB = 30 is the
.
same as the probability of D being contained in BDA
 is _
The probability that D is located on ADB 300
or _
5
. So, the probability that
360 6
m∠ADB = 30 is also _
5
.
6

 = 90. Suppose point Z is

3. Points X and Y are on a circle so that mXY
randomly located on the same circle so that it does not coincide with
X or Y. What is the probability that m∠XZY = 45?

Inscribed
Polygons Angles of Inscribed Polygons An inscribed triangle with a side that is a
Remember that for a diameter is a special type of triangle.
polygon to be an
inscribed polygon, all
of its vertices must lie
on the circle. 10.7
If the inscribed angle of a triangle intercepts a semicircle, A
the angle is a right angle.
D
 is a semicircle, so m∠ABC = 90.
Example: ADC
B C

You will prove Theorem 10.7 in Exercise 36.

EXAMPLE Angles of an Inscribed Triangle

ALGEBRA Triangles ABD and ADE are inscribed in
F B
with 
AB   BD . Find the measures of ∠1 and ∠2 if A 3
m∠1 = 12x - 8 and m∠2 = 3x + 8. 1 F
4
2
 is a semicircle.
AED is a right angle because AED E D

m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠AED = 180 Angle Sum Theorem

(12x - 8) + (3x + 8) + 90 = 180 m∠1 = 12x - 8, m∠2 = 3x + 8, m∠AED = 90

15x + 90 = 180 Simplify.

15x = 90 Subtract 90 from each side.

x=6 Divide each side by 15.

Use the value of x to find the measures of ∠1 and ∠2.

m∠1 = 12x - 8 Given m∠2 = 3x + 8 Given

= 12(6) - 8 x=6 = 3(6) + 8 x = 6

= 64 Simplify. = 26 Simplify.

CHECK 90 + 64 + 26 = 180
180 = 180 

4A. Find m∠3. 4B. Find m∠4.

Lesson 10-4 Inscribed Angles 581

 EXAMPLE Angles of an Inscribed Quadrilateral
Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in
P. If m∠B = 80 B
A
and m∠C = 40, find m∠A and m∠D.
.
To find m∠A, we need to know mBCD D P
, first find mDAB
To find mBCD .
 = 2(m∠C)
mDAB Inscribed Angle Theorem C
= 2(40) or 80 m∠C = 40
 + mDAB
mBCD  = 360 Sum of angles in circle = 360
 + 80 = 360
mBCD  = 80
mDAB
 = 280
mBCD Subtract 80 from each side.
 = 2(m∠A)
mBCD Inscribed Angle Theorem

280 = 2(m∠A) Substitution

140 = m∠A Divide each side by 2.

, but first we must find mADC
To find m∠D, we need to know mABC .
 = 2(m∠B)
mADC Inscribed Angle Theorem
 = 2(80) or 160
mADC m∠B = 80
 + mADC
mABC  = 360 Sum of angles in circle = 360
 + 160 = 360
mABC  = 160
mADC
 = 200
mABC Subtract 160 from each side.
 = 2(m∠D)
mABC Inscribed Angle Theorem

200 = 2(m∠D) Substitution

Z
100 = m∠D Divide each side by 2.

V Y

5. Quadrilateral WXYZ is inscribed in V. W

If m∠W = 95 and m∠Z = 60, find m∠X and m∠Y. X

Personal Tutor at geometryonline.com

In Example 5, note that the opposite angles of the quadrilateral are

supplementary.

Quadrilaterals
10.8
Theorem 10.8 can be If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite B
verified by considering angles are supplementary.
that the arcs P C
intercepted by Example: Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in P. A
opposite angles of an ∠A and ∠C are supplementary.
inscribed quadrilateral ∠B and ∠D are supplementary. D
form a circle.
You will prove Theorem 10.8 in Exercise 37.

582 Chapter 10 Circles

 Example 1 1. In R, mMN  = 60. Find the measure of
 = 120 and mMQ
(p. 579) each numbered angle. M N
2 1 R 8 7
3 4 5 6
Q P
Example 2 2. PROOF Write a paragraph proof.
(p. 580)
Given: Quadrilateral ABCD is B
inscribed in P.
A C
P
m∠C = _
1 m∠B
2 D
 )
Prove: mCDA = 2(mDAB

Example 3 3. PROBABILITY Points X and Y are endpoints of a diameter of W. Point Z is

(p. 580) another point on the circle. Find the probability that ∠XZY is a right angle.

Example 4   RS
4. ALGEBRA In A at the right, PQ . Find the Q R
(p. 581) measure of each numbered angle if m∠1 = 6x + 11,
m∠2 = 9x + 19, m∠3 = 4y - 25, and m∠4 = 3y - 9.
4 3
P 1 2
S
A
Example 5 5. Quadrilateral VWXY is inscribed in C. If
(p. 582) m∠X = 28 and m∠W = 110, find m∠V and m∠Y. T

Find the measure of each numbered angle for each figure.

HOMEWORK HELP −− −−− 
6. PQ  RQ, mPS = 45, 7. m∠BDC = 25, 8. mXZ
−− −−
 = 100, XY ⊥ ST,
For See  = 75  = 120, and −−− −−
Exercises Examples and mSR mAB and ZW ⊥ ST
 = 130
mCD
6–8 1 Q
X Z
9–10 2
3 B C 2 5 3 4
11–14 3 2 8 7 9
1 2 S 11 V 10
T
15–19 4 4
1 R 1 6
20–23 5 P 86 3
7 5 Y W
S
A D

PROOF Write a two-column proof.

  DE
9. Given: AB   CE
, AC  10. Given: P
Prove: ABC  EDC Prove: AXB ∼ CXD
B D A
1 2 C 1
2 X
A E B
P

D
C

Lesson 10-4 Inscribed Angles 583

 PROBABILITY Use the following information for Exercises 11–14.
In C, point T is randomly selected so that it does not coincide with points P,
−−
Q, R, or S. SQ is a diameter of C.
11. Find the probability that m∠PTS = 20 if mPS = 40. P

 = 110.
12. Find the probability that m∠PTR = 55 if mPSR C
S Q
13. Find the probability that m∠STQ = 90.
14. Find the probability that m∠PTQ = 180. R

ALGEBRA Find the measure of each numbered angle for each figure.
15. m∠1 = x,  = 120
16. mAB 17. m∠R = _ 1
x + 5,
3
m∠2 = 2x - 30
m∠K = _ 1
x
2
Q B K
P 1
3 4
2 1 5 W
A C
2 6 P 2
1 R 8 7 3
S D R
−− −− 
18. PQRS is a rhombus inscribed in 19. In D, DE  EC, mCF = 60, and
 −− −−
a circle. Find m∠QRP and mSP. DE ⊥ EC. Find m∠4, m∠5, and
.
mAF
P
B
E
Q 3
S 4 2 1
A 5 D 6 C

R 7
F

20. Quadrilateral WRTZ is inscribed 21. Trapezoid ABCD is inscribed

in a circle. Find m∠T and in a circle. Find m∠B, m∠C, and
m∠Z. m∠D.
R B
100˚ A 60˚
T C
W 45˚

Z D

−−
22. Rectangle PDQT is inscribed in a circle. What can you conclude about PQ?
−−
23. Square EDFG is inscribed in a circle. What can you conclude about EF?
Regular pentagon PQRST is inscribed in
U. Q
Find each measure. P R
 U
24. mQR 25. m∠PSR
26. m∠PQR 
27. mPTS
T S
Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in
E such
−− −− B
that m∠BZA = 104, mCB = 94, and AB  DC. C
Find each measure. E
  Z
28. mBA 29. mADC
D
30. m∠BDA 31. m∠ZAC A

584 Chapter 10 Circles

 32. SCHOOL RINGS Some designs of class rings involve
E
adding gold or silver to the surface of the round stone. A C
The design at the right includes two inscribed angles.
If m∠ABC = 50 and mDBF  = 128, find mAC  and m∠DEF. D F
B

PROOF Write the indicated type of proof for each theorem.

33. two-column proof: Case 2 34. two-column proof: Case 3
of Theorem 10.5 of Theorem 10.5
Given: T lies inside ∠PRQ. Given: T lies outside ∠PRQ.
−− −−
RK is a diameter. RK is a diameter.
Prove: m∠PRQ = _ 1 
mPQ Prove: m∠PRQ = _ 1 
mPQ
2 2
K K P
P Q
Q
Real-World Link
Many companies that T T
sell school rings also
offer schools and
individuals the option to
design their own ring. R R

35. two-column proof: 36. paragraph proof:

Theorem 10.6 Theorem 10.7
  EF
Given: DC   is a semicircle.
Given: ABC
Prove: ∠FAE  ∠CBD Prove: ∠ABC is a right angle.
EXTRA PRACTICE B A
See pages 820, 837.
A C
D
Self-Check Quiz at F D
geometryonline.com B C
E

37. Write a paragraph proof for Theorem 10.8, which states: If a quadrilateral is
inscribed in a circle, then opposite angles are supplementary.

STAINED GLASS In the stained glass window design, all of B

the small arcs around the circle are congruent. Suppose A C
the center of the circle is point O.
H D
38. What is the measure of each of the small arcs?
39. What kind of figure is AOC? Explain.
G E
40. What kind of figure is quadrilateral BDFH? Explain. F
41. What kind of figure is quadrilateral ACEG? Explain.
H.O.T. Problems 42. REASONING Compare and contrast an inscribed angle and a central angle
that intercepts the same arc.
43. OPEN ENDED Find a real-world logo with an inscribed polygon.
44. CHALLENGE A trapezoid ABCD is inscribed in O. Explain how you can
verify that ABCD must be an isosceles trapezoid.
45. Writing in Math Use the information about sockets on page 578 and
the definition of an inscribed polygon to explain how a socket is like an
inscribed polygon. Expain how you would find the length of a regular
hexagon inscribed in a circle with a diameter of _
3
inch.
4
Lesson 10-4 Inscribed Angles 585
Aaron Haupt
 46. A square is inscribed in a circle. What is 47. REVIEW Simplify
the ratio of the area of the circle to the 4(3x - 2)(2x + 4) + 3x 2 + 5x - 6.
area of the square?
F 9x 2 + 3x - 14
A _
1
4 G 9x 2 + 13x - 14
B _
1
2 H 27x 2 + 37x - 38

C _ J 27x 2 + 27x - 26
π
2
D _
π
4

Find each measure. (Lesson 10-3)

D
48. If AB = 60 and DE = 48, find CF. A
F
49. If AB = 32 and FC = 11, find FE. E
C
50. If DE = 60 and FC = 16, find AB.
B

 for the given radius and angle

Points Q and R lie on
P. Find the length of QR
measure. (Lesson 10-2)
51. PR = 12, and m∠QPR = 60 52. m∠QPR ⫽ 90, PR = 16

53. FORESTRY A hypsometer as shown can be used to

G
estimate the height of a tree. Bartolo looks through
Hypsometer
the straw to the top of the tree and obtains the
readings given. Find the height of the tree. (Lesson 7-3) xxm
m
straw D 10 cm
A AD
F F H
Complete each sentence with sometimes, always, 6 cm 1.75 m 15 m
E
or never. (Lesson 4-1)
54. Equilateral triangles are __
? isosceles.
55. Acute triangles are __
? equilateral.
56. Obtuse triangles are __
? scalene.

PREREQUISITE SKILL Determine whether each figure is a right triangle. (Lesson 8-2)
57. 58. 3m 59.
45 ft 28 ft
6 in. 8m
4 in.
10 m
53 ft
5 in.

586 Chapter 10 Circles