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Class 12 Activity 4-1

The document discusses increasing and decreasing functions through an activity using wires and curves on a board. It shows how to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing based on the sign of its derivative or by comparing function values at different x values. Examples of increasing and decreasing functions are provided to demonstrate the concepts.

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modiajay484
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79 views3 pages

Class 12 Activity 4-1

The document discusses increasing and decreasing functions through an activity using wires and curves on a board. It shows how to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing based on the sign of its derivative or by comparing function values at different x values. Examples of increasing and decreasing functions are provided to demonstrate the concepts.

Uploaded by

modiajay484
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Activityt decreasing and increasing functions.

Objective: To understand the concepts of ofincreasing and decreasing functions and their basic
Pre-requisite knowledge Knowledge
Materials required of different lengths, piece of plywood of suitable
Pieces of wire
gluestick, trigonometric tables or scientific calculato.
properties.
size, white
paper,
Procedure
lake a piece of plywood of a convenient size and paste a white paper on it.
2. Take two
pieces of wire, each of suitable length and fix them on the white paper to represent x-axis
and y-axis.
3. Take wo more pieces of wire, each of suitable length and bend them in the shape of
senting two functions and fix them on the paper to represent two functions, as shown incurves
four repre-
r
4. Take one straight wire and place it on the curve (on the left) such that it is tangent to the cun
the point say P, and making an angle a, with the positive direction of x-axis.

10° =120°
B=700
=60°
,800

Figure 13.1
anothertwo points say P, and P, on the same curve and make tangents, using the same wire.
Take angles a, and , respectively with the positive direction of x-axis.
5 aand P, making
at P,
takethree points
Q,. Q,, Q, on the curve (on the right) and using the other straight wires, form
Now
tangents at each of these points making angles ,. ,. B, respectively with the positive direction of
6.
shown in figure 13.1
-AxIS as

Observations

- 100 is an
obtuse angle, so tan , is negative, i.e., the slope of the tangent at P, is negative.
110° and a, = 120° are obtuse angles and therefore, slopes of the tangents tan u, and
2 Again a, = negative
tan a, are both
=5.6712
tan a, =tan 100°
= -2.7474 These are negative values.
tan a, = tan 110°
= 1.7320
tan a, =tan 120°
decreasing function.
The function given by the curve (on the left) is a
70°, and B, = 60°.
5. On measuring B, = 80°, B, =
+5.6712
tan B, = tan 80° =
+2.7474 These are positive values.
tan B, = tan 70° =
+1.7320
tan ß, = tan 60° =
function.
Thus. the function given by the curve (on the right) is an increasing

Conclusion
decreasing when
From the above activity, it is verified that a function f(x) is increasing when f(x) 20 and
f()s0 (where xe Domain ).
Application : Useful for concept clarity of increasing and decreasing functions.

Viva-Voce Questions
1. What are increasing and decreasing functions?
(x,)
Ans. A function fx) is said to be an increasing function on an interval I, if x, X, e land x, <X ’
(x,)
Afunction fx) is said to be a decreasing function on an interval I, if x4, x, ¬ land x, <x, ’

2. How to prove a function is increasing?


Ans. TWo ways of doing it which are :
() Prove that for all x, y, x >y’ (x) > y)
derivative is
(0) If function is differentiable, find its derivative. Function is increasing whenever its
positive.
J. Show that the function f given by f(x) = x - 3x' + 4x, x e R is increasing on R.
Ans. f (x) = 3x - 6x + 4 = 3(x²- 2x + 1) + 1
= 3(x - 1 + 1 > 0, in every interval on R.
Therefore, the function f is increasing on R.
4.Prove that the function given by
Ans. f(x) = -sin x. f(x) ==cOSx is decreasing in [0, ].
Since for eachxe [0. xl. sin x
>0, we have
f(x) <0 and so fis
5.
decreasing in (0, )
Prove that the function f(x) =
-3
+7(x eR-(0) is an increasing function.
X
3
Ans. fx) =>07 x e R- {0} 3 -2 - 3
.:. fx) is an increasing function in R {0}
6. Find the values of a for which the function f(x) = sin X- ax + b
increases on R.
Ans. f (x) = cos X - a
For increasing condition, we have
f(x) > 0’ cos X >a
COS X E -1, 1]
a < -1 ae ( ,-1)

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