UNIT 3 - OPERATING SYSTEM-MICROSOFT-WINDOWS

An operating system (OS) is a set of computer program

that manages the hardware and software resources of a
computer.
At the foundation of all system software, the OS performs
basic tasks such as

 controlling and allocating memory,

 prioritizing system requests,
 controlling input and output devices,
 facilitating networking, and managing files.
 It also may provide a graphical user interface for higher
level functions

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Process management: It deals with running multiple processes. Most operating system
allow a process to be assigned a priority which affects its allocation of CPU time.
Memory management: The memory manager in an OS coordinates the memories by
tracking which one is available, which is to be allocated or deallocated and how to swap
between the main memory and secondary memories
Disk and file systems: Operating systems have a variety of native file systems that
controls the creation, deletion, and access of files of data and programs.
Networking: Most current operating systems are capable of using the TCP/IP networking
protocols. This means that one system can appear on a network of the other and share
resources such as files, printers, and scanners.
Security: most operating systems include some level of security

Device drivers: A device driver is a specific type of computer software developed to allow
interaction with hardware devices.
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Types of operating systems:

There are different types of operating systems. These are as follows:

1. Real-time Operating System: It is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing

real-time applications.

2. Multi-user and Single-user Operating Systems: The operating systems of this type allow a
multiple users to access a computer system concurrently.

3. Multi-tasking and Single-tasking Operating Systems: When a single program is allowed to

run at a time, the system is grouped under a single-tasking system, while in case the operating
system allows the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking
operating system.
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4. Distributed Operating System: A distributed operating system manages a group of
independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. When computers
in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.

5. Embedded System: Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded

computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less
autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very
compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of
embedded operating systems. Example

DOS (Disk Operating System)

UNIX ,

LINUX ,

Windows,Mac
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Microsoft Windows history
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)

Originally developed by
Microsoft for IBM, MS-DOS
was the standard operating
system for IBM-compatible
personal computers.

The initial versions of DOS

were very simple and
resembled another operating
system called CP/M.

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Windows 1.0 – 2.0 (1985-1992):Introduced in 1985, Microsoft Windows 1.0 was named due
to the computing boxes, or "windows" that represented a fundamental aspect of the
operating system. In 1987 Microsoft released Windows 2.0, which was designed for the
designed for the Intel 286 processor. This version added desktop icons, keyboard shortcuts.

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Windows 3.0 – 3.1 (1990–
1994)
Windows 3.0 was released in
May, 1900 offering better
icons, performance and
advanced graphics with 16
colors designed for Intel 386
processors.
This version is the first
release that provides the
standard "look and feel" of
Microsoft Windows for many
years to come.
Windows 3.0 included
Program Manager, File
Manager and Print Manager
and games IT-APSAC-AK
Windows 95 (August 1995)
Windows 95 was released in 1995 and was a major upgrade to the Windows operating
system.

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Windows 98 (June 1998)
Windows 98 offers support for a number of new technologies, including FAT32, AGP, MMX,
USB, DVD, and ACPI

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Windows ME - Millennium Edition
(September 2000)
Windows NT 31. - 4.0 (1993-1996)
Windows 2000 (February 2000)
Windows XP (October 2001)
Windows XP was released in 2001.
Along with a redesigned look and
feel to the user interface, the new
operating system is giving the user a
more stable and reliable
environment than previous versions
of Windows.
Windows XP comes in two
versions, Home and Professional.
Microsoft focused on mobility for
both editions, including plug and
play features for connecting to
wireless networks. IT-APSAC-AK
Windows Vista (November 2006)

Windows Vista offered an

advancement in reliability, security,
ease of deployment, performance
and manageability ,faster start-up
time and low power consumption
of the new sleep state.

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Windows 7 (October, 2009)
Windows 7 was released by
Microsoft on October 22,
2009 as the latest in the 25-
year-old line of Windows
operating systems and as the
successor to Windows Vista.
Enhancements and new
features in Windows 7 include
multi-touch support, Internet
Explorer , improved
performance and start-up
time, Aero Snap, Aero Shake,
support for virtual hard disks,
a new and improved Windows
Media Center, and improved
security. IT-APSAC-AK
Windows 8

Windows 8 was released on August. 1, 2012 and is a completely redesigned operating

system that's been developed from the ground up with touchscreen use in mind as well as
near-instant-on capabilities that enable a Windows 8 PC to load and start up in a matter of
seconds rather than in minutes.

its replace the more traditional Windows OS look and feel with a new "Metro" design
system interface.

The Metro user interface primarily consists of a "Start screen" made up of "Live Tiles,"
which are links to applications and features that are dynamic and update in real time.
Windows 8 supports both x86 PCs and ARM processors.

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Windows 10
Windows 10 is Microsoft's Windows successor to Windows 8. Windows 10 debuted on July
29, 2015, following a "technical preview" beta release of the new operating system that
arrived in Fall 2014 and a "consumer preview" beta in early 2015

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Windows CE (November 2006): A version of the Windows operating system designed for
small devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) The Windows CE graphical user
interface (GUI) is very similar to Windows 95 .

Windows Mobile 6.5 :A mobile operating system for smartphones and mobile devices from
Microsoft based on the Windows CE kernel and designed to look and operate similar to
desktop versions of Microsoft Windows.

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Windows Phone (November 2010)
A mobile operating system for smartphones and mobile devices that serves as the
successor to Microsoft's initial mobile OS platform system, Windows Mobile.

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