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IIT MATHEMATICS
COMPOUND ANGLE
WORKBOOK

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 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & IDENTITIES
1. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY:
The word 'trigonometry' is derived from the
Greek words 'trigon' and 'metron' and it means
'measuring the sides of a triangle'. The subject
was originally developed to solve geometric
problems involving triangles. It was studied by
sea captains for navigation, surveyor to map out Illustration 1: If the arcs of same length in two
circles subtend angles of 60° and 75° at their
the new lands, by engineers and others. centres. Find the ratio of their radii.
Currently, trigonometry is used in many areas Solution : Let r1 and r2 be the radii of the given
such as the science of seismology, designing circles and let their arcs of same length 's'
electric circuits, describing the state of an atom, subtend angles of 60° and 75° at their centres.
  
c c
predicting the heights of tides in the ocean, 
Now, 60° =  60    
analysing a musical tone and in many other areas.  180   3 
   5 
(a) Measurement of angles : Commonly c c

two systems of measurement of angles and 75° =  75    
 180   12 
are used.
 s 5 s  5
(i) Sexagesimal or English System :   and    r1  s and r2  s
3 r1 12 r2 3 12
Here 1 right angle = 90° (degrees)
 5
1° = 60' (minutes)  r1  r2  4r1 = 5r2
3 12
1' = 60" (seconds) r1 : r2 = 5 : 4 Ans.
(ii) Circular system : Here an angle
is measured in radians. One Do yourself-1
radian corresponds to the angle (i) The radius of a circle is 30 cm. Find the
length of an arc of this circle if the
subtended by an arc of length 'r
length of the chord of the arc is 30 cm.
'at the centre of the circle of
radius r. It is a constant quantity 2. T-RATIOS (or Trigonometric functions) :
In a right angle triangle
and does not depend upon the
radius of the circle.
(b) Relation between these systems :
D R

90  / 2
(c) If  is the angle subtended at the centre
p b p h
of a circle of radius 'r', by an arc of sin = ; cos = ; tan  = ; cosec=
h h b p

length '' then = . h b
r sec  = and cot  =
b p
Note that here , r are in the same units 'p' is perpendicular ; 'b' is base and 'h' is
and  is always in radians. hypotenuse.
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Note : The quantity by which the cosine falls short
Do yourself - 2
of unity i.e. 1 – cos, is called the versed sine of
4
 and also by which the sine falls short of unity i.e. (i) If cot = , then find the value of
3
1– sin is called the coversed sine of .
sin, cos and cosec in first quadrant.
3.BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES : (ii) sin + cosec = 2, then find the value of
(1) sin. cosec = 1 sin8 + cosec8
(2) cos . sec = 1
(3) tan. cot = 1 4. DEFINITION OF T-RATIOS :
sin  cos  By using rectangular coordinates the
(4) tan  = & cot  =
cos  sin  definitions of trigonometric functions
(5) sin  + cos  = 1 or sin  = 1 – cos2
2 2 2
can be extended to angles of any size in
or cos2 = 1 – sin2
the following way(see diagram). A
(6) sec2 – tan2 = 1 or sec2 = 1 + tan2
or tan2 = sec2 – 1 point P is taken with coordinates
1 (x, y). The radius vector OP has length r
(7) sec + tan  =
sec   tan  and the angle  is taken as the directed
(8) cosec  – cot  = 1 or
2 2
angle measured anticlockwise from the
cosec2 = 1 + cot2 or cot2 = cosec2 – 1
x-axis. The three main trigonometric

(9) cosec + cot  = functions are then defined in terms of r
cos ec  cot 
and the coordinates x and y.
Illustration 2 : If sin  + sin2 = 1, then prove that
cos12 + 3cos10 + 3cos8 + cos6–1 = 0
Solution : Given that sin = 1 – sin2 = cos2
L.H.S. = cos6(cos2 + 1)3 – 1= sin3(1 + sin)3
– 1= (sin + sin2)3 – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0

Illustration 3 : 4(sin6 + cos6 ) – 6 ( sin4 +

cos4 ) is equal to sin = y/r,
(A) 0 (B) 1
cos = x/r
(C) –2 (D) none of these
Solution : 4[(sin  + cos2)3 – 3 sin2 cos2 (sin2
2 tan= y/x,(The other function are
+ cos2)] – 6[ (sin2 + cos2)2 – 2sin2 cos2] reciprocals of these)
= 4[1 – 3 sin2 cos2] – 6[1 –2 sin2 cos2] This can give negative values of the
= 4 – 12 sin2 cos2 – 6 + 12 sin2 cos2 = –2
trigonometric functions.
Ans.(C)

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5. SIGNS OF TRIGONOMETRIC (a) sin n = 0 ; cos n =(–1)n; tan n = 0 where
FUNCTIONS IN DIFFERENT nI
QUADRANTS:
 
(b) sin(2n+1) = (–1)n; cos(2n+1) = 0 where
2 2
nI

1 1
Illustration 4 : If sin  = – and tan  =
2 3
then  is equal to -
(A) 30° (B) 150°
6. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS (C) 210° (D) none of these
OF ALLIED ANGLES : Solution : Let us first find out  lying between
(a) sin (2n + ) = sin , 0 and 360°.
cos (2n + ) = cos , where n  I
1
(b) Since sin  = –
sin (–) = – sin  cos (–) = cos  2
1
sin(90° – ) = cos cos(90° – ) = sin  = 210° or 330° and tan  =  = 30°
3
sin(90° + ) = cos cos(90° + ) = –sin
or 210°
sin(180° – ) = sin cos(180° – ) = –cos
7
sin(180° + ) = –sin cos(180° + ) = –cos Hence,  = 210° or is the value satisfying
6
sin(270° – ) = –cos cos(270° – ) = –sin both. Ans. (C)
sin(270° + ) = –cos cos(270° + ) = sin
Do yourself - 3
sin (360° – ) = –sin cos(360° – ) = cos
1 3
sin (360° + ) = sin cos(360° + ) = cos (i) If cos = – and << , then find the
2 2
7. VALUES OF T-RATIOS OF SOME value of 4tan2 – 3cosec2.
STANDARD ANGLES :
(ii) Prove that :
Angles 0º 30º 45º 60º 90º 180º 270º
T-ratio 0 /6 /4 /3 /2  3/2 (a) cos570° sin510° + sin(–330°)
0 3/2
sin  1/2 1/ 2 1 0 –1
cos(–390°) = 0
1
cos  3/2 1/ 2 1/2 0 –1 0 11 9 3 
(b) tan –2sin  cosec2 + 4 cos
tan  0 1/ 3 1 3 N.D. 0 N.D. 3 3 4 4
cot  N.D. 3 1 1/ 3 0 N.D. 0 17  3  2 3
=
sec  1 2/ 3 2 2 N.D. –1 N.D. 6 2
2/ 3
cosec  N.D. 2 2 1 N.D. –1

N.D.  Not Defined

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8. GRAPH OF TRIGONOMETRIC (v) y = secx (vi) y = cosecx
FUNCTIONS :
(i) y = sinx (ii) y = cosx

9. DOMAINS, RANGES AND PERIODICITY

OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :
T-Ratio Domain Range Period
sin x R [–1,1] 2
cos x R [–1,1] 2
tan x R–{(2n+1)/2 ; R 
(iii) y = tanx (iv) y = cotx nI}
cot x R–{n : n  I} R 
sec x R– {(2n+1) /2 : n (–,–1] 2
 I} [1,)
cosec x R– {n : n  I} (–,–1] 2
[1,)
10. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF THE
SUM & DIFFERENCE OF TWO ANGLES
(i) sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B.
(ii) sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B.
(iii) cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
(iv) cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
tan A  tan B
(v) tan (A + B) =
1  tan A tan B
tan A  tan B
(vi) tan (A – B) =
1  tan A tan B
cot Bcot A  1
(vii) cot (A + B) =
cot B  cot A
cot Bcot A  1
(viii) cot (A – B) =
cot B  cot A

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Some more results : 11. FORMULAE TO TRANSFORM THE
(i) sin2 A – sin2 B = sin (A + B).
PRODUCT INTO SUM OR DIFFERENCE
sin(A – B) = cos2 B – cos2 A.
(ii) cos2 A – sin2 B = cos (A+B). cos (A – B). (i) 2 sin A cos B = sin (A+ B) + sin (A – B).
(ii) 2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) – sin (A – B).
Illustration 5 : Prove that 3 cosec20° – sec20° = 4. (iii) 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A – B)
3 1
Solution : L.H.S. =  (iv) 2 sin A sin B = cos (A – B) – cos (A + B)
sin 20 cos 20
3 cos 20º  sin 20º
= Illustration 7 : If sin2A =  sin2B, then prove
sin 20º.cos 20º
 3  tan(A  B)   1
4
1
cos 20º  sin 20º  that  .
2 2 tan(A  B)   1
=  
2sin 20º cos 20º Solution : Given sin2A =  sin2B
4(sin 60.cos 20º  cos 60º.sin 20º ) sin 2A 
=  Applying componendo
sin 40º 
sin 2B 1
sin(60º 20º ) sin 40º
= 4. = 4. = 4 = R.H.S. & dividendo,
sin 40º sin 40º
sin 2A  sin 2B   1
Illustration 6 : Prove that 
sin 2B  sin 2A 1  
tan70° = cot70° + 2cot40° .
Solution : L.H.S. = tan 70º = tan(20º + 50º)  2A  2B   2A  2B 
2sin   cos    1
tan 20º  tan 50º   2   2 
=  2B  2A   2B  2A  1 
1  tan 20º tan 50º 2 cos   sin  
or tan70° – tan20° tan50° tan70° = tan20° + tan50°  2   2 
or tan70° = tan70° tan50° tan20° + tan20° + sin(A  B) cos(A  B)  1
 =
tan50° = 2 tan 50° + tan20° cos(A  B)sin{(A  B)} 1  
= cot70° + 2cot40° = R.H.S
sin(A  B) cos(A  B)  1
 
Do yourself – 4 cos(A  B)   sin(A  B) (  1)
3 9 
(i) If sinA = and cosB = ,0<A&B ,
5 41 2 sin(A  B) cos(A  B)   1
 
then find the value of the following: cos(A  B)sin(A  B)   1
(a) sin(A + B) (b) sin(A – B)
(c) cos(A + B) (d) cos(A – B)  1
 tan(A + B) cot(A – B) =
 1
(ii) If x + y = 45°, then prove that : tan(A  B)   1
 
(a) (1 + tanx)(1 + tany) = 2 tan(A  B)   1
(b) (cotx – 1)(coty – 1) = 2
(Remember these results)

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12. FORMULAE TO TRANSFORM SUM 1
= [1 – (sin54º – sin18º)]
OR DIFFERENCE INTO PRODUCT : 4
 CD  CD 1
(i) sin C + sin D = 2 sin   cos   = [1 – 2sin18º cos36º]
 2   2  4
 CD  CD 1  2sin18º 
(ii) sin C – sin D = 2 cos   sin   = 1  cos18º cos36º 
 2   2  4 cos18º 
 CD  CD 1  sin 36º cos 36º 
(iii) cos C + cos D = 2 cos   1  
 cos   4 cos18º
 2   2 
 CD  DC 1  2sin 36º cos36º  1  sin 72º 
= 1  = 1 
(iv) cos C – cos D = 2 sin   sin 
 2   2 
 4  2cos18º  4  2sin 72º 

1  1 1
= 1   = = R.H.S.
Illustration 8 : 4  2 8
sin 5  sin 2  sin 
is equal to – Do yourself - 5
cos5  2cos3  2cos2   cos 
(A) tan (B) cos  sin 75º  sin15º
(i) Simplify
(C) cot  (D) None of these cos 75º  cos15º
Solution : (ii) Prove that
(a) (sin3A + sinA)sinA + (cos3A
2sin 2 cos3  sin 2
L.H.S. = – cosA)cosA = 0
2cos3.cos 2  2cos3  2cos 2 
1
sin 2[2cos3  1] (b) cos20°cos40°cos60°cos80°=
= 16
2[cos3(cos 2  1)  (cos2 )]
sin 8 cos   sin 6 cos3
sin 2[2 cos 3  1] (c) = tan 2
=
2[cos 3(2 cos 2 )  cos 2 ] cos 2 cos   sin 3 sin 4
sin 2(2 cos 3  1)
= = tan  13. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SUM
2 cos 2 (2 cos 3  1) OF MORE THAN TWO ANGLES :
Ans. (A) (i) sin (A + B + C) = sinAcosBcosC
+ sinBcosAcosC + sinCcosAcosB
Illustration 9 : Show that – sinAsinBsinC
sin12°.sin48°.sin54° = 1/8 = sinAcosBcosC – sin A
1 = cosAcosBcosC [tanA + tanB + tanC
Solution : L.H.S. = [cos36º – cos60º]sin54º
2 – tanAtanBtanC]
1 1  (ii) cos (A+B+C) = cosAcosBcosC
= cos36º sin 54º  sin 54º 
2 2  – sinAsinBcosC – sinAcosBsinC
1 – cosAsinBsinC
= [2cos36º sin54º – sin54º] = cos A – sin A sin B cos C
4
1 = cos A cos B cos C
= [sin90º + sin18º – sin54º] [1 – tan A tan B – tan B tan C – tan C tan A]
4
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 (iii)tan (A + B+ C) 2(cos 2 A  sin 2 A)  cos 2 A  sin 2 A
=
tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C 2(cos 2 A  sin 2 A)  (sin 2 A  cos 2 A)
1  tan A tan B  tan B tan C  tan C tan A 2cos 2A  1
= = L.H.S.
S  S3 2cos 2A  1
= 1
1  S2
Do yourself - 6
(i) Prove that :
14. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF
sin 2
MULTIPLE ANGLES : (a) = tan 
1  cos 2
(a) Trigonometrical ratios of an angle 2 in
1  sin 2  cos 2
terms of the angle  : (b) = cot 
1  sin 2  cos 2
2 tan 
(i) sin 2 = 2 sin cos =
1  tan 2  (b) Trigonometrical ratios of an angle 3 in
(ii) cos 2 = cos2 – sin2 = 2 cos2 – 1 = 1 terms of the angle  :
1  tan 2  (i) sin3 = 3sin – 4sin3.
– 2 sin2 =
1  tan 2  (ii) cos3 = 4cos3 – 3cos.
(iii)1 + cos 2 = 2 cos2 3 tan   tan 3 
(iii) tan3 =
(iv) 1 – cos2 = 2 sin2 1  3 tan 2 
1  cos2 sin 2 
(v) tan =  Illustration 11 : Prove that :
sin 2 1  cos2 tanA + tan(60° + A) + tan(120° + A) = 3tan3A
2 tan  Solution : L.H.S. = tanA + tan(60° + A)
(vi) tan2 =
1  tan 2  + tan(120° + A)
= tanA + tan(60° + A) + tan{180° –(60° – A)}
Illustration 10 : Prove that : = tanA + tan(60° + A) – tan(60° – A)
2cos 2A  1
= tan(60º + A) tan(60º – A) [ tan(180°–) = –tan]
2cos 2A  1
Solution : R.H.S. = tan(60° + A) tan(60° – A)
tan 60º  tan A tan 60º  tan A
 tan 60º  tan A   tan 60º  tan A  = tan A + –
=   1  tan 60º tan A 1  tan 60º tan A
 1  tan 60º tan A   1  tan 60º tan A  3  tan A 3  tan A
 3  tan A  3  tan A  = tan A + –
=  1  3 tan A 1  3 tan A

 
 1  3 tan A  1  3 tan A  8 tan A
= tan A +
sin 2 A 1  3tan 2 A
3 tan A  3 tan 3 A  8 tan A
3  tan A2
cos 2 A = 3cos A  sin A
2 2
=
= =
1  3 tan 2 A sin 2 A cos 2 A  3sin 2 A 1  3 tan 2 A
1 3
cos 2 A 9 tan A  3tan 3 A  3tan A  tan A 3
= = 3  
2 cos 2 A  cos 2 A  2sin 2 A  sin 2 A 1  3tan 2 A  1  3tan A 
2
=
2 cos 2 A  2sin 2 A  sin 2 A  cos 2 A = 3tan 3A = R.H.S.

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  1  cos 
Do yourself - 7 (viii) cos = ±
2 2
(i) Prove that :
 1  cos 
(a) cot cot (60° – ) cot (60° + ) = cot 3 (ix) tan = ±
2 1  cos 
(b) cos5 = 16cos5 – 20 cos3 + 5 cos 

(x) 2sin = ± 1  sin  ± 1  sin 
(c) sin 4 = 4sin cos  – 4cos sin 
3 3
2

(xi) 2cos = ± 1  sin   1  sin 
15. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SUB 2
MULTIPLE ANGLES :
  1  tan 2   1
Since the trigonometric relations are true for all (xii) tan =
2 tan 
values of angle , they will be true if instead of
for(vii) to (xii), we decide the sign of ratio

 be substitute according to value of .
2

  2 tan 1 1
(i) sin = 2 sin cos = 2 Illustration 12 : sin67 º + cos67 º is equal to
2 2 1  tan 2  2 2
2 1 1
(A) 42 2 (B) 42 2
   2 2
(ii) cos = cos2 –sin2 = 2cos2 –1
2 2
2 
2
(C)
1
4  42 2  (D)
1
4  42 2 
 1  tan
= 1 – 2sin2 = 2 1 1
2 1  tan 2  Solution : sin67 º + cos º = 1  sin135º
2 2
2
1
 = 1
(iii) 1 + cos  = 2 cos2 2
2
(using cos A + sinA = 1  sin 2A )

(iv) 1 – cos  = 2 sin2 1
2 = 42 2 Ans.(A)
2
 1  cos  sin 
(v) tan = = Do yourself - 8
2 sin  1  cos 
(i) Find the value of
 
2 tan (a) sin
(vi) tan  = 2 8
2 
1  tan 
2 (b) cos
8
 1  cos 
(vii) sin =± 
2 2 (c) tan
8

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16. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF Illustration 13 : Evaluate
SOME STANDARD ANGLES : sin78° – sin66° – sin42° + sin6°.
 5 1 2 Solution : The expression
(i) sin18º = sin = = cos72º = cos
10 4 5 = (sin78° – sin42°) – (sin66° – sin6°)
= 2cos(60°) sin(18°) – 2cos36°. sin30°
 5 1 3
(ii) cos36º = cos = = sin54º = sin  5 1   5 1  1
5 10 =
 4    4 
4 = sin18º – cos36º = 
    2
2 10  2 5
(iii) sin72º = sin = = cos18º Do yourself - 9
5 4
(i) Find the value of

= cos  13
10 (a) sin + sin
10 10
 10  2 5 2 2
(b) cos 48° – sin 12°
(iv) sin36º = sin = = cos54º
5 4
3 17. CONDITIONAL TRIGONOMETRIC
= cos
10 IDENTITIES :
 3 1 5 If A + B + C = 180°, then
(v) sin15º = sin = = cos 75º = cos (i) tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
12 2 2 12
(ii) cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1
 3 1 5
(vi) cos15º = cos = = sin75º = sin A B B C C A
12 2 2 12 (iii) tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
 3 1
(vii) tan15º = tan = 2– 3 = = cot75º A B C A B C
12 3 1 (iv) cot + cot + cot = cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
5
= cot (v) sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sinAsinBsinC
12
(vi) cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C = – 1
5 3 1
(viii) tan75º = tan = 2 + 3 = – 4 cosAcosBcosC
12 3 1 A B C
(vii) sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos
 2 2 2
= cot15º = cot
12 A
(viii) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4sin sin
 2
(ix) tan(22.5º) = tan = 2 – 1 = cot(67.5º)
8 B C
sin
3 2 2
= cot
8
3 Illustration 14 : In any triangle ABC,
(x) tan(67.5º) = tan = 2 +1 = cot(22.5º) sin A – cos B = cos C, then angle B is
8
 (A) /2 (B) /3
= cot (C) /4 (D) /6
8

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Solution : We have ,
Do yourself - 10
sin A – cos B = cos C
(i) If ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral, then find
sin A = cos B + cos C
BC BC the value of sinA + sinB – sinC – sinD
cos = 2cos  cos 
A A
2sin  
2 2  2   2  
(ii) If A + B + C = , then find the value of
A   BC 2
= 2cos 
A A
2sin cos  cos  
2 2  2   2  tanAtanB + tanBtanC + tanCtanA
A+B+C=

BC
18. IMPORTANT RESULTS :
cos 
A A A
2sin cos = 2sin  1
2 2 2  2  (i) sinsin (60° – ) sin (60° + ) = sin3
A BC 4
cos = cos or A = B – C; 1
2 2 (ii) cos. cos (60° – ) cos (60° + ) = cos3
4
But A + B + C = 
Therefore 2B =  B = /2 (iii) tan tan (60° – ) tan (60° + ) = tan 3
Ans.(A) (iv) cot cot (60° – ) cot (60° + ) = cot 3
(v) (a) sin2 + sin2 (60° + ) + sin2
3
Illustration 15 : If A + B + C = , then 3
2 (60° – ) =
2
cos 2A + cos 2B + cos2C is equal to-
(b) cos2 + cos2 (60° + ) +
(A) 1 – 4cosA cosBcosC
3
(B) 4 sinA sin B sinC cos2 (60° – ) =
(C) 1 + 2cosA cosBcosC 2
(D) 1 – 4 sinAsinBsinC (c) tan + tan(60° + ) + tan(120° + )
Solution : cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C = 2 cos = 3tan3
(vi) (a) If tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan
(A + B ) cos (A – B) + cos 2C
B tan C, then A + B + C = n, n  I
3
= 2 cos  
 C  cos (A – B) + cos 2C
 2  (b) If tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C

3 tan A = 1, then A+B+C = (2n + 1)

A+B+C=
2 
,nI
= – 2 sin C cos (A – B) + 1 – 2 sin2C = 1 – 2 2
sinC [cos (A– B) + sin C) (vii) cos cos 2 cos 4 .... cos (2n – 1)
3 sin(2 n )
= 1 – 2 sin C [cos (A – B) + sin  
 (A  B)  ] =
 2  2n sin 
(viii) (a) cotA – tanA = 2cot2A
= 1 – 2 sin C [cos (A – B) – cos (A +B)]
(b) cotA + tanA = 2cosec2A
= 1 – 4 sin A sin B sin C Ans.(D)

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Miscellaneous Illustration: AB CD
cos + cos  2,
Illustration 18 :If A,B,C and D are angles of a 2 2
A B C D 1 AB CD
quadrilateral and sin sin sin sin = , Now both cos and cos 1
2 2 2 2 4 2 2
prove that A = B = C = D = /2. AB CD
cos = 1 &cos =1
2 2
Solution :  2sin
A B  C D
sin  2sin sin   1
 2 2  2 2 AB CD
 =0=
 2 2
 AB  A  B 
 cos    cos   A = B, C = D.
  2   2 
Similarly A = C, B = D A = B = C = D = /2
  CD  C  D 
cos    cos    1
  2   2  ANSWERS FOR DO YOURSELF
1: (i) 10 cm
Since, A + B = 2 – (C + D), the above
equation becomes, 3 4 5
2: (i) , , (ii) 2
  AB  A  B  5 5 3
 cos    cos  
  2   2  3: (i) 8
  CD  A  B  187 133
cos    cos    1 4: (i) (a) (b)
  2   2  205 205
 AB  AB 84 156
cos2  
2  – cos  2  (c) (d)
  205 205
  AB  C  D  1
cos    cos   + 5: (i)
  2   2  3
AB CD= 0
1 – cos   cos   2 1 2 1
 2   2  8: (i) (a) (b)
2 2 2 2
AB
This is a quadratic equation in cos  
 2  (c) 2 1
which has real roots. 1 5 1
2 9: (i) (a)  (b)
  AB  C  D  2 8
 cos    cos  
  2   2  10 : (i) 0 (ii) 1
  AB  C  D 
4 1  cos   .cos    0
  2   2 

AB CD
2

 cos  cos  4
 2 2 

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