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UCM Lec1

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30 views21 pages

UCM Lec1

Uploaded by

mohammadhamidakhlaque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circular Motion

Motion of a particle (point mass) along a circular path


It’s distance always constant with respect to a fixed point
Direction of motion changes
It’s an accelerated motion

u1

u2
r
r
Parameters of Circular Motion
Parameters of Circular Motion
Angular Displacem ent (θ)
Angle traversed by position vector of the r
particle with respect to a reference point θ
(center of circle) r
SI Unit is radians
Parameters of Circular Motion
Angular Velocity (ω)
Rate of change of an gular displacement r
ω
ω = dθ/dt (Instantaneous angular velocity)
r
SI Unit is rad/sec
Same Angular Velocity
Angular Acceleration (α)
Rate of change of angular velocity
dω d2θ r
α=
dt = dt2 ω α
SI Unit is rad/sec2 r

ω α
Direction of Angular Velocity & Angular Acceleration

Note
Direction of angular vectors are given by right hand thumb rule
Equations of Uniform Circular Motion
Equations for Circular Motion
With constant angular acceleration (α = Constant)

v = u + at ω = ω0 + αt

1 1
s a t2 θ α t2
= ut + 2 = ω0 t + 2

ω2 = ω0 + 2 α θ
2
v2 = u + 2 as
2
Equations for Circular Motion

v = ds ω = dθ
dt dt
dv dω
a = α =
dt dt
A wheel is subjected to uniform angular acceleration about it’s axis, Initially at rest
if in first 3 seconds it rotates through angle θ1. In next 3 seconds, it rotates through
angle θ2. Find the ratio of θ2/ θ1.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Given: ω 0 = 0
Let angular acceleration = α

For first 3 seconds For t = 0 to t = 6


t=3; θ = θ1
1 t=6; θ = θ1 + θ2
Using, θ = ω0t + α t2
2 1
1 9 θ1 + θ2 = 0 (t) + (36) = 36 α
θ1 = α (9) = α 2 2
2 2
θ1 + θ2 = 18 α
θ1 = 9/2 α
Angular displacement for t = 3 to t = 6 sec.

27
θ2 = θ – θ = 36 9
2 α – 2 α = 2 α
1

θ1 = 9/2 α θ2 = 27/2 α

θ2 27 α/2 θ2
∴ ∴ = 3
= θ
θ 9 α/2
1 1
If a body rotates such that its angular acceleration varies with time as α=(2t3 – t)
rad/s2 Find the angular speed after 2sec if it starts from rest.
A. 6 rad /s
B. 3 rad /s
C. 2 rad /s
D. None of these
dω
α = = 2t3 – t
dt
ω 2
⇒ ∫ dω
0 = 0∫ ( 2t3 – t ) dt
xn+1
2 ∫ xn dx = n + 1
⇒ [ω] 0ω 2t4 t2
= –
4 2
0

⇒ ω– 0 2(16) 4
= –
4 2

⇒ ω = 6 rad /
s
A body rotates with an angular retardation equal to k /ω, where ω is the angular
velocity of the body. Find the time after which the body comes to rest, if it’s initial
angular velocity was ω0.
α = -k /ω
dω
α = k
dt = – ω
0 t
⇒ ∫
ω0 ω dω = 0∫ kdt
0
⇒ ω2
2 = – K [t] 0t
ω0

ω 02
⇒ t =
2k
Categorization of Circular Motion
Categorization of Circular Motion

Uniform circular motion (UCM)


Speed of particle is constant

v = constant
ω = constant ⇒ α =
0
Non-uniform circular motion (NUCM)

Speed of particle is not constant


ω
v ≠ constant
ω ≠ constant ⇒ α ≠
0
Uniform circular motion (UCM)
y
It is a Periodic Motion
Time Period of UCM v

Circumference of Circle r
∴T=
speed
x
2πr
T=
v

distance
T= speed
Relation between Linear and Angular Quantities

l
R

θ
R

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