What is computer-assisted instruction?

"Computer-assisted instruction" (CAI) refers to instruction or remediation presented on a

computer. Many educational computer programs are available online and from computer
stores and textbook companies. They enhance teacher instruction in several ways.

Computer programs are interactive and can illustrate a concept through attractive animation,
sound, and demonstration. They allow students to progress at their own pace and work
individually or problem solve in a group. Computers provide immediate feedback, letting
students know whether their answer is correct. If the answer is not correct, the program
shows students how to correctly answer the question. Computers offer a different type of
activity and a change of pace from teacher-led or group instruction.

Computer-assisted instruction improves instruction for students with disabilities because

students receive immediate feedback and do not continue to practice the wrong skills.
Computers capture the students' attention because the programs are interactive and engage
the students' spirit of competitiveness to increase their scores. Also, computer-assisted
instruction moves at the students' pace and usually does not move ahead until they have
mastered the skill.

What does CAI look like for reading?

Words are spoken aloud by the computer and the program will not allow the student to place
the wrong letter in the word. Students hear, see, and take action to learn phonics.

Below is an example of a computerized program as the student sees it. The program may be
used for instruction or assessment. The student uses the mouse to click the best word of the
three presented for each blank to complete the sentence so that it makes sense. If this
activity is used for instruction, the program gives positive feedback for correct answers or
shows the student which answers are wrong and then gives the correct choice. The program
may speak the sentence with the wrong word and ask the student to choose another word of
the three, or it may highlight the correct choice and speak the correct sentence. If the
program is used for assessment, no remediation is given; the program just scores the
sentence.
 One program that teaches phonics and reading skills to all ages of students continually
monitors a student's speed and accuracy as the student works through each lesson
(Autoskills; www.autoskill.com). The teacher sets an accuracy goal in the program for the
student?the number of sounds or words per minute that the student must master. At the
most basic level, the student, using headphones, hears the sound of the letter and then
chooses which of three letters presented has that sound. For example, the program makes
the sound of the letter k as this screen appears. The student uses the mouse to choose the
correct letter. If the student makes the correct choice, a checkmark appears over the correct
letter. If the choice is incorrect, an X appears over the correct letter. In either case, the
program then quickly moves to the next letter.

The program gives the student 50 sounds and measures the amount of time the student
takes to identify them. The number of sounds the student correctly identifies divided by the
number of minutes is the measure of correct sounds per minute. The program graphs the
information for the student and then prints a copy of the student's errors for the teacher.
When the student reaches the goal the teacher has set, the program moves the student up to
the next skill level. When the student has mastered the phonics, he or she will see word
games and puzzles, a maze for comprehension, and a library with stories and comprehension
questions. Programs such as this one are used for at-risk students and students with
disabilities in middle and high school and with adults to improve reading skills.

How is CAI implemented?

Teachers should review the computer program or the online activity or game to understand
the context of the lessons and determine which ones fit the needs of their students and how
they may enhance instruction.
 Can this program supplement the lesson, give basic skills practice, or be used as an
educational reward for students?

 Is the material presented so that students will remain interested yet not lose valuable
instruction time trying to figure out how to operate the program? Does the program waste
time with too much animation?

 Is the program at the correct level for the class or the individual student?

Teachers should also review all Web sites and links immediately before directing students to
them. Web addresses and links frequently change and become inactive. Students might
become frustrated when links are no longer available.

Reading programs are beneficial to reading instruction because they allow students to learn
at their own pace; teach phonics with sound, student interaction, and immediate feedback;
and allow students to read animated books. Some programs read stories that students write
on the computer. Students may be scheduled for instructional or remedial time with the
computer. The computer program may also be a station in a classroom learning center or
used as a reward for positive behavior or work completion.

Use of multimedia in Entertainment:

· Entertainment and media industry are benefitted by multimedia technology. Images,
animation and sound are broadly used for creation animation movies.

· A computer is broadly used by musicians to record, edit and mix sounds.

· It is used to entertainment CDs, games, comics and stories for children.

· Video and entertainment films are formed using computers and stored on CD-ROM. Music
can also be stored on CDs and played using multimedia software package such as media
player etc.

· Some of the techniques commonly used for creating video films for different purposes like
video editing, mixing and 3D animation.

Edutainment:
Video games, television programmes, or other material, intended to be both educational and
enjoyable.

Edutainment combines the words "education" and "entertainment." It refers to any form of
entertainment that is educational. The goal of edutainment is to make learning enjoyable and
fun.

Edutainment is found inside and outside of classrooms and exists across several types of
media. Some are passive, while others are interactive. Examples of passive forms of
edutainment include:

 Fictional books with educational themes

 Movies and TV shows with entertaining characters who teach viewers
 Music and songs that help people learn
 Fictional radio shows and podcasts designed to educate listeners

Examples of interactive edutainment include:

 Video games designed to educate players

 Quizzes that provide goals and rewards as users progress through each level
 Software that allows users to compete against each other in learning exercises
 Educational websites with interactive elements, such as clickable images and
animations

Edutainment may be used to teach nearly any topic, including math, language, history,
geography, and science. For example, teachers may use entertaining science videos to help
students learn new concepts. Parents can use math or language software to help kids learn at
home. By creating a fun learning environment, edutainment can make education easier and
enjoyable.

Virtual Reality (VR): Virtual reality is the use of computer technology to create a
simulated environment.

Virtual Reality’s most immediately-recognizable component is the head-mounted display

(HMD). Human beings are visual creatures, and display technology is often the single biggest
difference between immersive Virtual Reality systems and traditional user interfaces.

Major players in Virtual Reality include HTC Vive, Oculus Rift and PlayStation VR (PSVR).

Virtual reality (VR) technology is a growing force beyond entertainment and an important tool
in education, science, commerce, manufacturing, and more.

Virtual reality is the use of computer technology to create simulated environments. Virtual
reality places the user inside a three-dimensional experience. Instead of viewing a screen in
front of them, users are immersed in and interact with 3D worlds.
Simulation of human senses—all five of them—transforms a computer into a vehicle into new
worlds. The only limitation to a superb VR experience is computing power and content
availability.

Three types of VR

1. Non-Immersive Virtual Reality: This category is often overlooked as VR simply

because it’s so common. Non-immersive VR technology features a computer-
generated virtual environment where the user simultaneously remains aware and
controlled by their physical environment. Video games are a prime example of non-
immersive VR.
2. Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality: This type of VR provides an experience partially
based in a virtual environment. This type of VR makes sense for educational and
training purposes with graphical computing and large projector systems, such as flight
simulators for pilot trainees.
3. Fully Immersive Virtual Reality: Right now, there are no completely immersive VR
technologies, but advances are so swift that they may be right around the corner.
This type of VR generates the most realistic simulation experience, from sight to
sound to sometimes even olfactory sensations. Car racing games are an example of
immersive virtual reality that gives the user the sensation of speed and driving skills.
Developed for gaming and other entertainment purposes, VR use in other sectors is
increasing.

Multimedia Digital Library

A digital library, also called an online library, an internet library, a digital repository,
or a digital collection is an online database of digital objects that can include text, still
images, audio, video, digital documents, or other digital media formats or a library
accessible through the internet. Objects can consist of digitized content like print or
photographs, as well as originally produced digital content like word processor files or
social media posts. In addition to storing content, digital libraries provide means for
organizing, searching, and retrieving the content contained in the collection. Digital
libraries can vary immensely in size and scope, and can be maintained by individuals
or organizations.The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via
computer networks.
1. A system which consists of multimedia digital contents indexed and stored in
databases for appropriate retrieval operations and the retrieval mechanisms which are
optimized and applied to object domains of those databases.
2. Multimedia digital library consists of multimedia digital contents which are indexed
and stored in databases for appropriate retrieval operations and the retrieval
mechanisms which are optimized and applied to object domains of those databases.

Information Kiosk:
This is a computer-like device combining specialized hardware, software and connectivity
options, designed to provide certain information to people in public places.
Main Features of Information Kiosks
Digital information kiosks have a range of distinctive features.

 Limited functionality — unlike computers, electronic kiosks can perform a limited set of
functions (or only one function) associated with a specific industry.
 Self-service — via kiosks, people can independently access necessary information about
products or services or perform some transactions without assistance.
 Public availability — kiosks are installed in public venues (airports, stores, government
establishments), so they are designed for public usage. Any visitor or passer-by can make
use of these electronic devices to receive certain benefits.
 Remote control and management — since kiosks may be scattered around large cities
and in remote locations, kiosk owners (administrators) are able to update software, adjust
settings and change content remotely. They can also troubleshoot their devices without on-
site visits.
Information Kiosks usage :
Retail: Large shopping centers and small retail stores worldwide are probably the most active
adopters of digital kiosks. Brands use them to display catalogues of their products and services,
announce sales and special offers, highlight trending items and even enable payments. Thus,
customers can quickly look through the items in stock and check the availability of a product of
needed size or color.

Healthcare: Numerous medical practices and hospitals use kiosks to facilitate the check-in process,
search information in medical health records and manage documentation. Drugstores utilize kiosks
to organize queuing systems.

Transportation: In airports, bus and railway stations, you can find information kiosk systems that
help passengers generate and print tickets, check in automatically and find their platforms and gates
using a map.

Hospitality: Hotels, bars and restaurants place kiosks in their lobbies to allow guests to book a room
or a table, and find information on the offered services and nearby attractions. In quick-service
restaurants, you can make an order and pay for it without cashier assistance.

Government establishments: Various state offices and institutions implement kiosks to manage
visitor flows and provide relevant official information (visiting hours, telephone numbers,
regulations, laws, resolutions, etc.), thus freeing employees and streamlining operations.

Education: Students use interactive kiosk solutions installed in colleges, universities and campuses to
register for classes and extracurricular activities, learn about various events and find learning
materials, for example, by looking through library catalogues.

Video on Demand: VOD, or video-on-demand, is any content distribution platform

that gives viewers the ability to choose when, where, and how they view media.

They can simply click on a link and start watching a video. For example, if you click the
embedded YouTube video below and it starts playing, that is video-on-demand at its purest.

Because VOD is streamed via the internet, it doesn’t rely on cable or satellite connections
like traditional broadcast television. If you have enough bandwidth, you can watch.

Video-on-demand has 3 core advantages. It allows viewers to:

 1. Watch at any time: Users can play content whenever they want. Unlike “linear” TV
programming, which only broadcasts in real-time, VOD doesn’t rely on a set
schedule.
2. Control what they watch: Users have more opportunities to pick and choose what
they watch, compared to traditional TV scheduling.
3. Use media controls: Users can play, pause, rewind, fast forward, and completely
control how they watch content. This way, they’ll never miss anything important.

There’s so much out there to watch! You can find video-on-demand content at the core of
all of these different types of content:

 Online tutoring.
 Lessons and classes (music, dance, specialized skills).
 Fitness programs.
 Music and sporting events.
 Product demonstrations.
 College courses.
 Corporate team-building.
 Podcasts and interviews.
some examples of VOD are : Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+ etc

WebPages Video call: A lot of businesses are reluctant to add live video chat to
their website because they assume that the process is going to be a complicated one. You may
be surprised to learn that this is not the case. In fact, it only involves five simple steps, which
we will explain in full detail below.

Live chat video software enables you to have a two-way or one-way video chat with another
person or group of people. This is something that businesses are making the most of in two
distinct ways.

The first is by using live chat to empower collaboration across employees and different
departments within the business.

Benefits of live video chat software:

1. Demo your products - One of the main reasons why live video chat is beneficial
is because it enables your customer services team to provide live product
demonstrations.
2. Personalise your customer support - Personalisation is one of the most vital
keywords for businesses today. Providing a one-size-fits-all solution to anything
simply does not cut it. Customers expect you to understand their needs and
requirements.
3. Improve customer satisfaction levels - Happy customers do wonders for your
business! They post positive reviews about your company online. They buy
products and services from you.
 4. Increase your bottom line - All businesses want to make sure that their profits
are high and on an upward curve. Live video chat can help you to do this. There
have been numerous studies that have shown that this form of customer support
can drive conversions and sales.
5. Get ahead of the competition - Last but not least, live video chat is something
that only a few businesses are making the most of on the grand scheme of things.

Video conferencing: Video conferencing is an online technology that allows users in

different locations to hold face-to-face meetings without having to move to a single location
together. This technology is particularly convenient for business users in different cities or
even different countries because it saves time, expenses, and hassles associated with business
travel. Uses for video conferencing include holding routine meetings, negotiating business
deals, and interviewing job candidates.

Video conferencing's main advantage over telephone conference calls is that users can see
each other, which allows them to develop stronger relationships.

There are a variety of ways video conferencing can be conducted. Individuals may use web
cameras connected to or built into laptops, tablets, or desktop computers. Smartphones and
other connected mobile devices equipped with cameras may also be used to connect for video
conferences. In such instances, a software-based platform typically is used to transmit the
communication over internet protocols.

Advantages:

1. Improves communication: A report by Forbes tells us that “humans process visual

information far faster and more aptly than text or audio.” And, relative to audio conferencing,
“62% of executives agree that video conferencing significantly improves the quality of
communication.

2. Helps build relationships

When you meet face-to-face, you can make a personal connection, pick up on verbal and
non-verbal cues and begin to build trust. And while there may be critical connections that
you’ll need to travel for, video conferencing can help bridge the gap for all other meetings,
while still helping you connect on a personal level.

3. Saves money

By giving your team a simple way to meet face-to-face, video conferencing delivers a
collaborative, “in-person” experience without the expense of travel. Not only that but with
the power to meet virtually, you can hire the best talent and allow them to work anywhere.
And once you get comfortable with the technology, it may even inspire you to expand your
remote workforce, so you can hire the best talent no matter where they live.

4. Saves time
Because you can meet virtually anywhere, video conferencing allows you to save travel time.
But it can also help you save time in other ways. By hosting a meeting rather than working
through an issue via email, it can eliminate the disruption of a barrage of messages, reduce
confusion (and the need for lengthy discussions), and get your team on the same page faster.

5. Streamlines collaboration

The best video conferencing technology delivers more than just a way to see and hear your
team. It offers collaboration tools, like screen sharing and real-time document editing, so it’s
easy for everyone to examine the files they need and contribute to the discussion.

6. Improves efficiency

Clearer communication by way of verbal and non-verbal cues, screen sharing, real-time
collaboration, and the power to join from virtually anywhere makes video conferencing a
more efficient use of everyone’s time.

7. Increases productivity

Because video conferencing makes it easy to collaborate on documents in real-time, you

won’t have to contend with long email chains, lost messages, in-document comments and
version control issues, all of which can cause confusion, misunderstandings and delays.

8. Makes scheduling meetings easier

If members of your team travel regularly, scheduling meetings can be a challenge. But with
video conferencing, they can join in from practically anywhere, including taxis, hotel rooms,
airports, their home offices and more. And because they can do it using almost any device,
scheduling face-to-face meetings and keeping everyone up to date is easier.

9. Creates consistent, accurate records

When you host an in-person meeting or an audio-only call, taking notes usually falls to
someone on your team. And given the fast pace of conversations and our fallibility, details
can easily fall through the cracks. But with video conferencing technology that also lets you
record and transcribe meetings, you can keep all the details intact. Not only that, but you can
refer back to them when questions arise and share the session with those who couldn’t attend,
which makes it easy to keep everyone on the same page.

10. Enables live events

Whether you want to connect with your entire team, your complete client roster or the public,
video conferencing tools can help. With the power to share your message visually, these tools
give you the ability to host panel discussions, webinars, product launches and more for
audiences in your office or around the world.

Uses: Universities, companies, hospitals, education etc.