Prosodic Features

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Nama : Anjani Galih Putri Pramesti

NIM : 2017404095
Kelas : 1 TBI B

PROSODIC AND SUPRASEGMENTAL


PHONOLOGY

Suprasegmental features (also known as prosodic feature) are phonetic features that span
more than a single speech segment. The typical suprasegmental features are:

- Voice pitch
- Loudness or vocal effort
- Length or relative duration of a syllable

The main components of suprasegmental features consist of; stress, pitch, intonation, length, and
tone.

1. Stress

Word stress is a sound stress that occurs in the syllable. Pronouncing word with the
correct stress can make a big difference. There are three things of stress:

- The stressed syllable should be louder


- The stressed syllable should be a little higher
- The stressed syllable should be longer in time.

Example:

Picture Doctor Minute Money

Decide Explain Forget Arrive

Stress in longer words

In three syllables words, the stress can be anywhere.

In the beginning: anyone, beautiful, possible.

In the middle: computer, tomorrow, expensive.

In the end: afternoon, employee, Japanese.


2. Pitch

The pitch of a sound is how high or low it is. We produce high pitched sounds when our
vocal folds have a high frequency vibration, and when our vocal folds vibrate more slowly, the
resulting sound is lower in pitch.

Example:

Record (noun) – Record (verb)

The first syllable has higher pitch than the second in the noun record.

The second syllable has higher pitch than the first in the verb record.

Sam got an A in math. = a statement

Sam got an A in math! = an exclamation

3. Intonation

Intonation or pitch contour is the melodic pattern of an utterance. Intonation conveys the
differences of expressive meaning such as surprise, anger, wariness, etc.

Example:

“Your name is John.” Beginning with a medium pitch and ending with a lower one (falling
intonation), is a simple assertion.

“Your name is John?” With a rising intonation (high final pitch), indicates a question.

4. Length

Length is a feature of sounds that have distinctively extended duration compared with
other sounds. Length is related with vowel because every words that use vowel also need length
to express the meaning of words.

Example:

-Vowel length : seat-sit

/si:t/ - /sit/, when it pronounced it causes different meaning.

-Syllable length: yes

/jes/ when it pronounced it means lot of interest emotion and so on, but /je:s/ it indicates extreme
emotional involvement.
5. Tone

Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning. A


language is a “tone language” if the pitch of the word can change the meaning of the word.
Languages that are not tone language, such as English, are called intonation language. There are
two kinds of tones:

- Register tone, is a tone its pitch level doesn’t change across the syllable.
- Contour tone, is a tone with pitch changing across the syllable, whether from high to low
or vice versa.

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