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What is Internet?
The full form of Internet is Interconnected Network.
Originated in the year 1969 with development of ARPANET.

The Internet allows different computer systems to

communicate with one another and share information,
regardless of location or device.
It is based on a set of protocols and standards known as the
Internet Protocol Suite (or TCP/IP) that allow different
computer networks to "talk" to one another.
Who developed TCP/IP?

BOB KAHN (1938–) AND VINT CERF (1943–)

American computer scientists who developed TCP/IP, the set
of protocols that governs how data moves through a
network. Vint Cerf is credited with the first written use of the
word ‘internet’.
Vint Cerf is also known as one of ‘the Fathers of Internet’.
What is TCP/IP ?
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
and is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect
network devices on the internet. TCP/IP is also used as a
communications protocol in a private computer network -- an
intranet or extranet.

TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by

providing end-to-end communications that identify how it should
be broken into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed and
received at the destination.
DARPA –
US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency February
7, 1958, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in response to
the Soviet launching of Sputnik 1 in 1957.
What is ARPANET?
Started in year 1969
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
was the first wide-area packet-switched network with
distributed control and one of the first computer networks to
implement the TCP/IP protocol suite.
What is SATNET?
Started in year 1973 SATNET, also known as the Atlantic
Packet Satellite Network, was an early satellite network that
formed an initial segment of the Internet. It was implemented
by BBN Technologies under the direction of the Advanced
Research Projects Agency.
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is the primary version used on
the internet today.
It was introduced in 1981 by DARPA and was the first deployed
version in 1982 for production on SATNET and on the ARPANET in
January 1983.
However, due to a limited number of addresses, a newer protocol
known as IPv6 was developed in 1998 by the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF).
IPv4 vs IPv6
IPv6 has a greater address space than IPv4, which is required for
expanding the IP Connected Devices.

IPv6 has 128 bit IP Address rather and IPv4 has a 32-bit Address.
Some more protocols

1. HTTP
2. FTP
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer
protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML.
It was designed for communication between web browsers and
web servers.

HTTP follows a classical client-server model, with a client opening

a connection to make a request, then waiting until it receives a
response.

HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning that the server does not

keep any data (state) between two requests.
FTP
File transfer protocol (FTP) is a way to download, upload, and
transfer files from one location to another on the Internet and
between computer systems. FTP enables the transfer of files back
and forth between computers or through the cloud.
Some more important
Internet Related Terms
1. Browser
2. HTML
3. WWW
4. Web Address or URL or Domain Name
5. Webpage
6. Website
7. Web Server
8. DNS
Browser
A web browser is an application for accessing websites. When a
user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser
retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on
the user's screen.
HTML
HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup
language for documents designed to be displayed in a web
browser. It defines the content and structure of web content. It is
often assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets
and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
WWW
The World Wide Web (WWW or Web) is an information system that
enables content sharing over the Internet through user-friendly
ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and
hobbyists.

The Web was invented by English computer scientist Tim

Berners-Lee while at CERN in 1989 and opened to the public in
1991.
Documents and other media content are made available to the
network through web servers and can be accessed by programs
such as web browsers.
Servers and resources on the World Wide Web are identified and
located through character strings called uniform resource
locators (URLs).
Web Address / URL
• A uniform resource locator (URL), also known as Web address
on the Web, is a reference to a resource that specifies its
location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving
it.
• URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages
(HTTP/HTTPS) but are also used for file transfer (FTP), email
(mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications.
• Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the
page in an address bar. A typical URL could have the form
http://www.example.com/index.html,
• which indicates a protocol (http), a hostname
(www.example.com), and a file name (index.html).
Domain Name
• http://www.example.com/index.html,
• which indicates a protocol (http), a hostname
(www.example.com), and a file name (index.html).

• The Hostname is known as Domain Name

• A domain name is an address via which internet users can
access your website.
Web Page & Website

A web page (or webpage) is a document on the Web that is

accessed in a web browser.
A website typically consists of many web pages linked
together under a common domain name.
Web Server

A web server is computer software and underlying hardware

that accepts requests via HTTP (the network protocol
created to distribute web content) or its secure variant
HTTPS.
Commonly a web browser initiates communication by
making a request for a web page or other resource using
HTTP, and the server responds with the content of that
resource or an error message.
A web server can also accept and store resources sent from
the user agent if configured to do so.
DNS

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and

distributed naming system for computers, services, and
other resources in the Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP)
networks.
The Domain Name System has been an essential component
of the functionality of the Internet since 1985.
Services of Internet

1. Search Engine

2. Downloading and Uploading of Files

3. Emails

4. Chat
Services of Internet

5. Video Conferencing / Calling

6. E-Learning

7. E-Banking

8. E-Shopping / E-Commerce

9. Social Media
1. The internet, sometimes called simply “Net” is

A. a huge network of networks that joins computers from

all across the world.
B. an internal communication system
C. a communication system for the government.
D. All of the above
2. Who is the founder and director of World Wide Web
Consortium?

A. Vint Cerf
B. Bob Kahn
C. Jon Postel
D. Tim Berners-Lee
3. The origin of the internet was developed from the
concept of

A. Microsoft
B. IBM
C. ARPANET
D. Web
4. In 1969, ARPANET was developed by which country?

A. France
B. England
C. USA
D. Russia
5. What is the full form of internet?

A. InterContinental Network
B. Internal Network
C. Interconnected Network
D. International Network
6. What is the major use of internet?

A. Sharing data and information

B. Browsing webpages
C. Sending and receiving emails
D. All of the above
7. Each computer on a network is recognized by a unique

A. IP address
B. HTTP
C. HTTPS
D. www
8. A computer communicates with other computers on the
internet through

A. IP
B. TCP/IP
C. HTTPS
D. Web browser
9. What is the full form of HTML?

A. High Transfer Machine Language

B. High Transmission Markup Language
C. Hyper Text Markup Language
D. Hypermedia Markup Language
10. A set of rules followed by each computer present on a
network is called

A. Web
B. HTTP
C. Domain
D. Protocol
11. Inventor of www (World wide web) is . . . . . .

A. Bill Gates
B. Lee. N. Feyong
C. Tim Berners Lee
D. Tom Berners Lee
12. Internet is governed by several voluntary organizations
such as

A. IAB (Internet Architecture Board)

B. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
C. InterNIC (Internet’s Network Information Center)
D. All of the above
13. What is the full form of W3C?

A. World Wide Web Communication

B. World Wide Web Cyber
C. World Wide Web Consortium
D. World Web Wide Consortium
14. A . . . . . . . . . that contains billions of documents in the
form of webpages, is one of the most popular services on
the internet.

A. Web
B. Web internet
C. Telnet
D. FTP
15. To access a webpage, an URL is required. What is the
full form of URL?

A. Uniform Resource Locator

B. Universal Resource Locator
C. Universal Resource Line
D. Uniform Resource Line
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