University of Dar es Salaam

CS 234: Object-Oriented
Programming in Java
Introduction to Java

Aron Kondoro
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The Java Programming Language
• Supports the OO-Language concepts
• Inheritance: to avoid code duplication
• Subtyping: to express classification
• Overriding: to specialize methods
• Dynamic: to adapt reused algorithms
• Platform Independent
• Write Once Run Anywhere
• Robust
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Why Learn Java?

Versatility

Community Support

High Demand
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Java: Brief History and Background
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Java Editions
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Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)
• Made up of APIs that provide Java features
• Specifies types, objects, classes etc
• This course is based on Java Standard Edition (Java SE)
• JDK: Java Development Kit 18
• https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/
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Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)
• Developed to expand the Java SE
• New standards/specifications
• For developing web services to exchange data, manage transactional
interactions etc
• Geared toward developing large-scale, distributed networking
applications and web-based applications.
• JSP, JSF, JPA etc
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Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME)
• Developed to facilitate mobile and embedded device applications
• Not quite as popular as Java SE and Java EE
• Offers an API and a small-footprint virtual machine
• JavaFX
• Provides a modern, hardware-accelerated graphics and media engine
• For building rich online and desktop applications with a simple and powerful
scripting language (JavaFX Script)
• Rich online applications, GUI applications, and Desktop applications
• Replaced Swing as default GUI Library
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What uses Java?
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Java Versions
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Java: A general view
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Java: Compile Once, Run Anywhere
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The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
• An implementation of a physical machine in
software
• It is a specification
• Its implementation is the JRE
• Its functions
• Loads the code
• Executes the code
• Verifies the code
• Provides the runtime environment
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How Java Works
1. You (programmer) write program source code in Java.
2. Java compiler checks the code and translates it into byte code
3. A Java virtual machine (JVM) runs the byte code.
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Java Machine Independence
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Java Class Libraries
• Java programs consist of pieces called classes.
• Classes include methods that perform tasks and return information
when the tasks complete.
• Java class libraries
• Rich collections of existing classes
• Also known as the Java APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)
• Two aspects to learning the Java “world.”
• The Java language itself
• The classes in the extensive Java class libraries
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Java Development Environment
• We discuss these
phases in the context
of the Java SE
Development Kit 18
(JDK 18) from Oracle.
• Download the most
up-to-date JDK and its
documentation from:
• https://www.oracle.co
m/java/technologies/d
ownloads/
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How to Write Source Code?
• You can use any editor to write the Java source
code.
• For example, Notepad, TextEdit etc
• You can also use an Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) such as Eclipse, IntelliJ,
NetBeans, or VS Code.
• An IDE makes you much more productive.
• In addition to code editors, they also provide
debuggers, build tools, version control systems,
profilers, testing frameworks etc
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JVM vs JRE vs JDK
• JVM
• an abstract machine that enables your computer
to run a Java program.
• is ported to different platforms to provide
hardware and operating system independence.
• JRE
• software package that provides Java class libraries,
Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and other components
required to run Java applications.
• JDK
• a software development kit required to develop
applications in Java. When you download JDK, JRE
is also downloaded with it.
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How to Get Java?
• Install the JDK
• There are many implementations
and versions
• Latest version is Java SE 20
(released March 2023)
• In this course, we are going to use
Java SE 11

https://whichjdk.com/
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Check your Java Installation
1. Open a command line window (terminal in Mac)
2. Enter java –version and javac –version

• If it prints command not found, then the Java bin directory is not on
your terminal's search path specified by the PATH environment
variable.
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First Program
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Program Structure
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Key Observations (1/2)
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Key Observations
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Output
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Second Program
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Assignment
• Go to the LMS and do Assignment 0 according to the instructions
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Questions & Comments