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KEC-652 CONTROL SYSTEM LAB Manual

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16 views6 pages

KEC-652 CONTROL SYSTEM LAB Manual

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Control System Lab [KEC-652]

EXPERIMENT NO. 5

Objective: Plot unit step response of given transfer function and finds delay time, rise
time, peak time and peak overshoot.

Apparatus Used: MATLAB with Control System Toolbox.


Theory: The transient portion of the time response is the part that goes to zero as time
becomes large. Nevertheless, the transient response of a control system is necessarily
important, because both the amplitude and the time duration of the transient response
must be kept within tolerable or prescribed limits.

For linear control systems, the characterization of the transient response is often done by
use of the unit-step function us(t) as the input. The response of a control system when the
input is a unit-step function is called the unit-step response. Figure 5.1 illustrates a typical
unit-step response of a linear control system. With reference to the unit-step response,
performance criteria commonly used for the characterization of linear control systems in
the time domain are defined as follows:

Figure 5.1: Typical unit-step response of a control system illustrating the time-domain
specifications.
ECE Department, Prepared By Checked By
SRMCEM, LKO Page 18 of 44

Faculty In-charge Head of

Department
Control System Lab [KEC-652]

Maximum overshoot: Let y(t) be the unit-step response. Let ymax denote the maximum
value of y(t); yss, the steady-state value of y(t); and ymax > yss. The maximum overshoot
of y(t) is defined as maximum overshoot = ymax - yss.

The maximum overshoot is often represented as a percentage of the final value of the step
response; that is,

MaximumOvershoot
Percentage Maximum Overshoot  100% (5.1)

y
ss

The maximum overshoot is often used to measure the relative stability of a control
system.

Delay time: The delay time td is defined as the time required for the step response to
reach 50% of its final value. This is shown in Figure 9.1.

Rise time. The rise time tr is defined as the time required for the step response to rise
from 10 to 90% of its final value, as shown in Figure 9.1.

Settling time: The settling time ts is defined as the time required for the step response to
decrease and stay within a specified percentage of its final value. A frequently used
figure is 5%. The four quantities just defined give a direct measure of the transient
characteristics of a control system in terms of the unit-step response. These time-domain
specifications are relatively easy to measure when the step response is well defined, as
shown in Figure 9.1. Analytically, these quantities are difficult to establish, except for
simple systems lower than the third order.

ECE Department, Prepared By Checked By


SRMCEM, LKO Page 19 of 44

Faculty In-charge Head of


Department
Control System Lab [KEC-652]

Program:

% Plot unit step response of given transfer function and find peak
overshoot, peak time, rise time and delay time using MATLAB.
% Transfer Function = 25/(s^2+6s+25)
clear allclc

syms s t

n=[25]

d=[1 6 25]

sys = tf(n,d)

R=roots(d)

S = stepinfo(sys,'RiseTimeLimits',[0.00,1.00])
ltiview(sys)

Results:

n=

25

d=

1 6 25
ECE Department, Prepared By Checked By
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Faculty In-charge Head of

Department
Control System Lab [KEC-652]

Transfer function:

25

s^2 + 6 s + 25

R=

-3.0000 + 4.0000i

-3.0000 - 4.0000i
S=

RiseTime: 0.5538

SettlingTime: 1.1886

SettlingMin: 0.9910

SettlingMax: 1.0948

Overshoot: 9.4778

ECE Department, Prepared By Checked By


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Faculty In-charge Head of


Department
Control System Lab [KEC-652]

Undershoot: 0

Peak: 1.0948

PeakTime: 0.7869

ECE Department, Prepared By Checked By


SRMCEM, LKO Page 22 of 44

Faculty In-charge Head of


Department
Control System Lab [KEC-652]
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