National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

National Junior College

2015 – 2016 H2 Mathematics
Revision Lectures: Differential Equations (Practice Set)

Name: _____________________________________ Class: 2ma2__/2IPma21__ / 2IPma22__

Total Time: 1 hour 15 minutes [Total marks: 41]

1. N2013/I/10
The variables x, y and z are connected by the following differential equations.
dz
3 2z (A)
dx
dy
z (B)
dx
3
(i) Given that z , solve equation (A) to find z in terms of x. [4]
2
(ii) Hence find y in terms of x. [2]

(iii) Use the result in part (ii) to show that

d2 y dy
2
a b,
dx dx
for constant a and b to be determined. [3]

(iv) The result in part (ii) represents a family of curves. Some members of the family are
straight lines. Write down the equations of two of these lines.
On a single diagram, sketch one of your lines together with a non-linear member of the
family of curves that has your line as an asymptote. [4]

2. CJC/Prelim 2010/II/4a,b
(a) Verify that y = x is a particular solution of the differential equation
dy x 2 y 2
, x, y 0 [2]
dx 2 xy

(b) Show that the substitution y = ux reduces the differential equation

dy x 2 y 2
dx 2 xy
to the differential equation
du 1 u 2
x . [3]
dx 2u
Hence find the general solution of the differential equation
dy x 2 y 2
. [4]
dx 2 xy

2015 – 2016 / H2 Math / Revision Lecture – Differential Equations (Practice Set) Page 1 of 7
 National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

3. SRJC/Prelim 2014/I/6
The number of people infected with virus A is x. The rate at which x is varying at any time t is
proportional to the difference between the number of infected people and the number of death
due to virus A. At time t, it is also known that the number of deaths due to virus A is
proportional to the square of the number of people infected with virus A. Initially there were
10 people infected and the number infected remains constant when it reaches 100.
dx k
Show that 100 x x 2 , where k is a constant. Hence find x in terms of k and t in the
dt 100
p
form x where p and q are constants to be determined. [7]
1 qe kt

4. PJC/2009 Prelim/I/13
(a) A sample of radium loses mass, by disintegration, at a rate which is proportional to
its mass x at that instant. Write down a differential equation relating x and t, where t
is the number of years from the start of the disintegration.
Given that it would take 1600 years for the sample to lose half of its initial mass, find
how long (to the nearest year) it takes to lose 1% of the initial mass. [6]

(b) Solve the differential equation

d2 x 1
,
dt 2 1 4t 2
dx
given that when t = 0, x = 0.5 and 0. [6]
dt

2015 – 2016 / H2 Math / Revision Lecture – Differential Equations (Practice Set) Page 2 of 7
 National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

Qns Solution Remarks

1(i) dz
3 2z
dx
2
dz 2 dx
3 2z
ln 3 2 z 2x C
ln 3 2 z 2x C 3
z
2
1
z 3 e 2x C
2
1
z 3 Ae 2 x .
2

1(ii) dy 1
z 3 Ae 2 x
dx 2
1
y 3 Ae 2 x dx
2
3 A 2x
y x e B.
2 2

1(iii) dy 1 2x
3 Ae
dx 2
d2 y
2
2 Ae 2 x
dx

d2 y dy
ab
dx 2 dx
1
2 Ae 2 x a 3 Ae 2 x b
2
3 1
2 Ae 2 x a b aAe 2 x .
2 2

Comparing coefficients, a 4, b 6.

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 National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

1(iv) Equations of two straight lines:

3 3
y x, y x 1.
2 2

Sketch (one possible answer): There are many possible

answers here. However,
the sketch of the
following two equations
of curve must have the
same value of B.
3
y x B.
2
3 A 2x
y x e B.
2 2

A can take any nonzero

value.

2(a) dy
Since y = x and 1,
dx
x2 x2
LHS 1 2
RHS
2x
2(b) y ux
dy du
u x
dx dx

du x 2 u 2 x 2
u x
dx 2 x(ux)
du 1 u 2
u x
dx 2u
2
du 1 u
x u
dx 2u
du 1 u 2 2u 2
x
dx 2u
2
du 1 u
x ( shown)
dx 2u

2u 1
du dx
1 u2 x
2u 1
du dx
1 u2 x
ln |1 u 2 | ln x C

2015 – 2016 / H2 Math / Revision Lecture – Differential Equations (Practice Set) Page 4 of 7
 National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

A
1 u2
x
A
u2 1
x

y2 A
1
x2 x
y2 x2 Ax

3 Let D represent the number of deaths due to virus A.

dx
x D
dt
dx
k x D
dt
dx
k x ax 2
dt

dx
When x 100, 0
dt
2
0 k 100 a 100
1
a
100
dx 1 2 k
k x x 100 x x 2 (shown)
dt 100 100

1 k
Applying the method of variable separable, dx dt
100 x x 2 100
1 k
dx dt
100 x x 100
1 1
dx k dt
x 100 x
ln x ln 100 x kt C
x
ln kt C
100 x
x
Be kt , where B eC
100 x
x 100 Be kt Bxe kt
x 1 Be kt 100 Be kt
100 Be kt
x
1 Be kt

When t 0, x 10

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 National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

100 B
10
1 B
10 10 B 100 B
1
B
9
1 kt
100 e
9 100100ekt 100
x , where p = 100 and q = 9.
1 kt 9 9 ekt
e kt
1 9e kt
1 e
9 ekt
4(a) Let x be the amount of radium at any time t.
dx
kx
dt
1
dx k dt
x
ln x kt c

1
If m is the initial amount, then ln m c . Given that x m when t = 1600
2
m
ln 1600k ln m
2
ln 2
k
1600
ln x kt c
99 99m ln 2
When x m , ln t ln m , t = 23.2
100 100 1600
It will take 23 years to lose 1% of the initial mass.

(b) d2 x 1 1
dt 2 1 4t 2 1 2
4 t
4
dx 1 1
dt
dt 4 1 2
t
4

1 1 1 t
= tan c
4 1 1
2 2
1
= tan 1 2t c
2
dx
0 when t 0 c 0
dt

2015 – 2016 / H2 Math / Revision Lecture – Differential Equations (Practice Set) Page 6 of 7
 National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

dx 1
tan 1 2t
dt 2
1
x tan 1 2t dt
2
1 2t
= t tan 1 2t dt
2 1 4t 2
1 1
= t tan 1 2t ln(1 4t 2 ) d
2 4
x = 0.5 when t = 0 d=1
1
x 4t tan 1 2t 2ln(1 4t 2 ) 4
8

2015 – 2016 / H2 Math / Revision Lecture – Differential Equations (Practice Set) Page 7 of 7