Scribd
Upload
24 views4 pages

13 3 2024

The document discusses various concepts related to discourse analysis including texture, intertextuality, coherence, cohesion, and intrasentential and intertextual cohesion. It provides definitions and examples of these concepts.

Uploaded by

Diegopax87
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views4 pages

13 3 2024

The document discusses various concepts related to discourse analysis including texture, intertextuality, coherence, cohesion, and intrasentential and intertextual cohesion. It provides definitions and examples of these concepts.

Uploaded by

Diegopax87
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PART I:

1. Discourse analysis
2. Texture
3. Intertextuality
4. Coherence
5. Cohesion
Intersentential: gramatical and lexical
Intrasentential: topicalization and focalisation
DISCOURSE: Any unit of connected speech or writing that is longer than a sentence and has a
coherent meaning and a clear purpose.
Discourse analysis focuses on:

 the knowledge about language beyond the word, clause, phrase and sentence that is
needed for successful communication.
 Patterns of language across texts, considering the relationship between language and the
social and cultural contexts in which it is used.
 The ways that the use of language presents different views of the world (Paltridge
2006:3)
 Both spoken and written texts.
An example:
Visiting aunts can be boring.
1) Aunts who visit can be boring.
2) To visit aunts can be boring.
Visiting lecturers can be boring.
Visiting foreigners can benefit the economy.
Closing doors can be hazardous.
COHESION: The set of resources for constructing relations in discourse which transcend
grammatical structure. The term is generally associated with research inspired by Haliday and
Hasan in systemic functional linguistics. It deals with how the information is structured inside a
particular clause and between clauses through cohesive devices.
COHERENCE: The coherence of a text derives from the coherence of the social environment in
which it is produced, or which it projects; it is realized by semiotic means. Nevertheless, the
decision to select particular aspects of coherence is always the act of a socially located marker
and re-marker of a text. Power is involved in the making, recognition and attribution of
coherence in a text.
A: The phone is ringing
B: I’m in the bathroom
A and B share the same context, this is why the two utterances makes sense and the exchange
makes sense, even though they are not linked through linguistic means. The example has
coherence, but not cohesion.
COHESION: Linguistic features which are explicitly realized in the surface structure of the text.
COHERENCE: Textual relations which are inferred and not explicitly expressed.
TEXTURE: Texture is a property of a text. A text derives its texture from the fact that it
functions as a unity with respect to its environment. The notion that a group of different
information units altogether work and function as a unit of meaning in a particular context.
For example: milk, spaghetti, tomatoes, rocket, lightbulbs (all of these belong to a shopping
list).
The meaning of this text is: buy these items when you go to a supermarket.
If you have an isolated text like “Hot!” it is not a text, but if you put it in a post it and attach it to
a hot thing, then it will have texture, therefore meaning in a particular context.
Rocket will not be understood as a rocket to go to the moon, rocket lettuce, because your
schema plays a role in the interpretation of the words.
INTERTEXTUALITY: The meaningful relationship between one text and other texts is what
you call intertextuality. Example: Shopping lists.
Intertextuality is the influence other texts have on your interpretation of a text.
Texts we came across in the past have an influence on texts that we see nowadays
Ways to achieve cohesion in a text.
Haliday and Hasan (1976)’s inventory of cohesive resources was organized as:

 Reference
 Ellipsis
 Substitution
 Conjunction
 Lexical cohesion
Intrasentential cohesion: It may be grammatical or lexical / Lexical words are words with
meaning. The verb jump is a lexical verb because it contains the meaning of moving up.
Grammatical words don’t convey a particular meaning: Like the preposition “of” or the particle
“the”.
Grammatical cohesion is made up of reference, ellipsis, substitution and conjunction.
Reference: There are 2 types of references (using a pronoun to refer to another word):
1. Endophoric (the word is in the text)
Anaphoric (using words e.g. the definite article “the”, which point back to a word used
before): “Lady Gaga appeared in a dress made completely of meat. The dress was
designed by Franc Fernandez.
Cataphoric (words, e.g. pronouns, pointing forward to a word that has not been used
yet): “When she was challenged by reporters, Lady Gaga…”

2. Exophoric
Exophoric (words pointing to something outside the text): If you want to know more
about this controversy, you can read the comments people have left on animal rights
blogs. Possessive pronouns are normally exophoric references
There are more: Spatial reference. Temporal reference.
Ellipsis
Ellipsis refers to resources for omitting a clause, or some part of a clause or group, in contexts
where it can be assumed. In English conversation, rejoinders are often made dependant through
omissions of these kind:

 Would you like red or white wine? – White please


There is much to support the view that it is clothes that wear us, and not we, them.
Substitution
Some languages, including English, have in addition a set of place holders which can be used to
signal the omission – e.g. “so” and “not” for clauses. “do” for verbal groups, and “one” for
nominal groups. The resource of place holders is referred to as substitution, e.g.

 “Besides wearing a meat dress, Lady Gaga has also worn a hair one…”
 “If Lady Gaga was intending to shock people, she succeeded in doing so”
Conjunction
Using conjunctions (connection words), which can be grouped into:

 Additive (and, moreover, in addition, as well…)


 Contrastive (but, however)
 Causative (because)
 Sequential (then, firstly)
More lexical cohesion
The first type of lexical cohesion:
Repetition: It refers to words that are inflected for tense or number of words derived from
particular items. (In a nice car, with a nice garden, in a nice house) ONLY with LEXICAL
words, NOT GRAMMATICAL ones.
Synonymy: It serves to achieve good style by avoiding unnecessary repetition (compare with
intentional repetition). They may or may not be in the same category. Same class words are
rarely completely synonymous.
Antonymy: Words can have canonical antonyms: happy/sad, happy/unhappy. They can have
opposites: red do not have a canonical antonym, but it may have opposites in some contexts: red
wine / white wine. (Murphy, 2003).
Hyponymy: Words that are a kind of something (x is a kind of y). Mercedes is a type of car.
Hypernymy: A word that is the superordinate of hyponymy.
Co-hyponymy: Relationships between hyponyms between each other.
Meronymy: Cohesive device that relate something to the parts. Sleeve is a meronym of coat,
dress or blouse.
Holonymy: The words that are the whole.
Co-meronyms: Parts that relate to each other.
Sun is a hyponym of star. Venus and Mercury are co-hyponyms (hyponyms of the same
superordinate term: planet), and they are, together with the Sun, the Earth and other planets,
(co-)meronyms of the Solar System, which is their holonym.
Collocation: It refers to association between vocabulart items which have a tendency to co-
occur. Therefore, it is not restricted to a text, but it applies to a language in general. A speaker of
a given language will have the knowledge to know what words co-occur.
On a camping trip with their parents, teenagers willingly do the household chores that they
resist at home. They gather wood for a fire, help put up the tent and carry water from a creek to
a lake.
Semantic field or the lexical chain: A lexical cohesive device which allows you to give
cohesion to the text.
The words in the text are normally related to one another, meaning that they are part of different
semantic fields.
Semantic fields may be spread all over the text or they may be comprised in a very short
number of words.
Intrasentential cohesion
Topicalisation (fronting):
That book, I won’t read (it)
In Paris, they all wear this.
He said that he wall cross the channel and cross the channel he will.
In Paris, those clothes she sells (them) quite well.
The semantical meaning is the same but the pragmatic meaning is different.
Those dogs bit the little boy:
They hurt him badly (normal)
He was badly hurt (by them) (with topicalization)
Pointing the reference / Not mentioning the reference.

EXERCIASE PARA ESTA SEMANA LEER EL ARTICULO.

You might also like